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Xue H, Hao Z, Gao Y, Cai X, Tang J, Liao X, Tan J. Research progress on the hypoglycemic activity and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126199. [PMID: 37562477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes, as a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, is increasing every year. The predominantly western medicine treatment is associated with certain side effects, which has prompted people to turn their attention to natural active substances. Natural polysaccharide is a safe and low-toxic natural substance with various biological activities. Hypoglycemic activity is one of the important biological activities of natural polysaccharides, which has great potential for development. A systematic review of the latest research progress and possible molecular mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides is of great significance for better understanding them. In this review, we systematically reviewed the relationship between the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides and their structure in terms of molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bonds, and summarized underlying molecular mechanisms the hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides. In addition, the potential mechanisms of natural polysaccharides improving the complications of diabetes were analyzed and discussed. This paper provides some valuable insights and important guidance for further research on the hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zitong Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China; Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China.
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Wang YJ, Wang YL, Jiang XF, Li JE. Molecular targets and mechanisms of Jiawei Jiaotai Pill on diabetic cardiomyopathy based on network pharmacology. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1659-1671. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i11.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jiawei Jiaotai Pill is commonly used in clinical practice to reduce apoptosis, increase insulin secretion, and improve blood glucose tolerance. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear, hindering research efforts aimed at developing drugs specifically for the treatment of DCM.
AIM To explore the pharmacodynamic basis and molecular mechanism of Jiawei Jiaotai Pill in DCM treatment.
METHODS We explored various databases and software, including the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database, Uniport, PubChem, GenCards, String, and Cytoscape, to identify the active components and targets of Jiawei Jiaotai Pill, and the disease targets in DCM. Protein-protein interaction network, gene ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to determine the mechanism of action of Jiawei Jiaotai Pill in treating DCM. Molecular docking of key active components and core targets was verified using AutoDock software.
RESULTS Total 42 active ingredients and 142 potential targets of Jiawei Jiaotai Pill were identified. There were 100 common targets between the DCM and Jiawei Jiaotai Pills. Through this screening process, TNF, IL6, TP53, EGFR, INS, and other important targets were identified. These targets are mainly involved in the positive regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) MAPK cascade, response to xenobiotic stimuli, response to hypoxia, positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of cell proliferation, negative regulation of the apoptotic process, and other biological processes. It was mainly enriched in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, DCM, PI3K-Akt, interleukin-17, and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that Jiawei Jiaotai Pill's active ingredients had good docking activity with DCM's core target.
CONCLUSION The active components of Jiawei Jiaotai Pill may play a role in the treatment of DCM by reducing oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaaxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Jiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaaxi Province, China
| | - Juan-E Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaaxi Province, China
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Yang Z, Man J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wu D, Shao D, Hao B, Wang S. Study on the Alleviating Effect and Potential Mechanism of Ethanolic Extract of Limonium aureum (L.) Hill. on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16272. [PMID: 38003461 PMCID: PMC10671607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the host response of immune cells during infection and traumatic tissue injury. An uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to inflammatory cascade, which in turn triggers a variety of diseases threatening human and animal health. The use of existing inflammatory therapeutic drugs is constrained by their high cost and susceptibility to systemic side effects, and therefore new therapeutic candidates for inflammatory diseases need to be urgently developed. Natural products are characterized by wide sources and rich pharmacological activities, which are valuable resources for the development of new drugs. This study aimed to uncover the alleviating effect and potential mechanism of natural product Limonium aureum (LAH) on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. The experimental results showed that the optimized conditions for LAH ultrasound-assisted extraction via response surface methodology were an ethanol concentration of 72%, a material-to-solvent ratio of 1:37 g/mL, an extraction temperature of 73 °C, and an extraction power of 70 W, and the average extraction rate of LAH total flavonoids was 0.3776%. Then, data of 1666 components in LAH ethanol extracts were obtained through quasi-targeted metabolomics analysis. The ELISA showed that LAH significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, combined with the results of network pharmacology analysis and protein expression validation of hub genes, it was speculated that LAH may alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory responses of macrophages through the AKT1/RELA/PTGS2 signaling pathway and the MAPK3/JUN signaling pathway. This study preliminarily revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of LAH and the molecular mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action, and provided a theoretical basis for the development of LAH as a new natural anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Jingyuan Man
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Dan Shao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (D.S.)
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Li AL, Lian L, Chen XN, Cai WH, Fan XB, Fan YJ, Li TT, Xie YY, Zhang JP. The role of mitochondria in myocardial damage caused by energy metabolism disorders: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:236-251. [PMID: 37567516 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial damage is the most serious pathological consequence of cardiovascular diseases and an important reason for their high mortality. In recent years, because of the high prevalence of systemic energy metabolism disorders (e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome), complications of myocardial damage caused by these disorders have attracted widespread attention. Energy metabolism disorders are independent of traditional injury-related risk factors, such as ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, and infection. An imbalance of myocardial metabolic flexibility and myocardial energy depletion are usually the initial changes of myocardial injury caused by energy metabolism disorders, and abnormal morphology and functional destruction of the mitochondria are their important features. Specifically, mitochondria are the centers of energy metabolism, and recent evidence has shown that decreased mitochondrial function, caused by an imbalance in mitochondrial quality control, may play a key role in myocardial injury caused by energy metabolism disorders. Under chronic energy stress, mitochondria undergo pathological fission, while mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion, and biogenesis are inhibited, and mitochondrial protein balance and transfer are disturbed, resulting in the accumulation of nonfunctional and damaged mitochondria. Consequently, damaged mitochondria lead to myocardial energy depletion and the accumulation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, further aggravating the imbalance in mitochondrial quality control and forming a vicious cycle. In addition, impaired mitochondria coordinate calcium homeostasis imbalance, and epigenetic alterations participate in the pathogenesis of myocardial damage. These pathological changes induce rapid progression of myocardial damage, eventually leading to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. To intervene more specifically in the myocardial damage caused by metabolic disorders, we need to understand the specific role of mitochondria in this context in detail. Accordingly, promising therapeutic strategies have been proposed. We also summarize the existing therapeutic strategies to provide a reference for clinical treatment and developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Lin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xin-Nong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300190, China
| | - Wen-Hui Cai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xin-Biao Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ya-Jie Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ying-Yu Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
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He LY, Li Y, Niu SQ, Bai J, Liu SJ, Guo JL. Polysaccharides from natural resource: ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus via regulation of oxidative stress network. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184572. [PMID: 37497112 PMCID: PMC10367013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that can occur in children, adults, elderly people, and pregnant women. Oxidative stress is a significant adverse factor in the pathogenesis of DM, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome. Natural polysaccharides are macromolecular compounds widely distributed in nature. Some polysaccharides derived from edible plants and microorganisms were reported as early as 10 years ago. However, the structural characterization of polysaccharides and their therapeutic mechanisms in diabetes are relatively shallow, limiting the application of polysaccharides. With further research, more natural polysaccharides have been reported to have antioxidant activity and therapeutic effects in diabetes, including plant polysaccharides, microbial polysaccharides, and polysaccharides from marine organisms and animals. Therefore, this paper summarizes the natural polysaccharides that have therapeutic potential for diabetes in the past 5 years, elucidating their pharmacological mechanisms and identified primary structures. It is expected to provide some reference for the application of polysaccharides, and provide a valuable resource for the development of new diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-Qi Niu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co Construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Jing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co Construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co Construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing, China
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Guo W, Yao X, Lan S, Zhang C, Li H, Chen Z, Yu L, Liu G, Lin Y, Liu S, Chen H. Metabolomics and integrated network pharmacology analysis reveal SNKAF decoction suppresses cell proliferation and induced cell apoptisis in hepatocellular carcinoma via PI3K/Akt/P53/FoxO signaling axis. Chin Med 2022; 17:76. [PMID: 35725485 PMCID: PMC9208213 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no comprehensive treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); hence, research and development are still focused on systemic therapies, including drugs. Sinikangai fang (SNKAF) decoction, a classic Chinese herbal prescription, has been widely used to treat liver cancer. However, there is no research on its core active component and target. METHODS Mouse models were established to measure the anticancer effect of SNKAF decoction on HCC. Further, we investigated the effect of SNKAF decoction on inhibition of hepatoma cells proliferation using cell viability, cloning and invasion assays in vitro. The components of SNKAF were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and TCM@Taiwan database. Metabolomic analysis was used to identify the potential genes and pathways in HCC treated with SNKAF decoction. Then, the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, P53, FoxO proteins of the potential signal pathways were detected using Western blot. RESULTS The animal experiments showed that SNKAF decoction inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.05) and induced no weight loss in the mice. In vitro data showed that HCCLM3 and MHCC97H cell proliferation was inhibited by SNKAF serum in a time- and concentration dependent manner. Further combined analysis network pharmacology with metabonomics showed that 217 target genes overlapped. The core target genes included BCL2, MCL1, Myc, PTEN, gsk3b, CASP9, CREB1, MDM2, pt53 and CCND1. Cancer-associated pathways were largely involved in SNKAF mechanisms, including P53, FoxO, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which are closely related to induced-tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, Western bolt verified that 10% SNKAF serum significantly affected the main proteins of PI3K/Akt/P53/FoxO signaling pathway in both cell lines. CONCLUSION SNKAF decoction-containing serum inhibited HCCLM3 and MHCC97H cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced-tumor cell apoptosis in-vivo. We confirmed that SNKAF decoction is a promising alternative treatments for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Lan
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanrui Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Tang Z, Huang G. Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113015. [PMID: 35468585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It is an immune promoter and regulator, and has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity and modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods of RAP had been introduced, and the separation and purification methods of RAP were reviewed, and the structure and activity of RAP were highly discussed. Current derivatization of RAP was outlined. Through the above discussion that the yield of crude polysaccharides from Radix astragali by enzyme-assisted extraction was significantly higher than that by other extraction methods, but each extraction method had different extraction effects under certain conditions, and the activity efficiency of RAP was also different. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the extraction method with known better yield for the study of RAP. In addition, the purification and separation of RAP are the key factors affecting the yield and activity of RAP. At the same time, there are still few studies on the derivatiration of Radix astragali polysaccharide, but the researches in this area are very important. RAP also has many important pharmacological effects on human body, but its practical application needs further study. Finally, studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP still need to be carried out by many scholars. This review would provide some help for further researches on various important applications of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Liu Y, Chen L, Wu H, Zhang H. Delivery of astragalus polysaccharide by ultrasound microbubbles attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rodent animals. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8419-8431. [PMID: 35322740 PMCID: PMC9161865 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects and probable mechanism of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) combined with astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) model rats. The DCM rats with diabetes and cardiomyopathy were induced via chronic treatment of doxorubicin and then randomly divided into the (1) DCM model group; (2) APS microbubble group; (3) UTMDgroup; and (4) APS microbubbles combined with UTMD group. After 4-week intervention, the fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, %HbA1c level and glucose tolerance of DCM rats received combination therapy were significantly improved as compared with those of UTMD or saline-treated ones. Moreover, the heart/body weight ratio, and myocardial contractility were all improved after receiving combination therapy groups compared with others. In addition, significantly upregulated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as significantly downregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were all observed in the ones received combined treatment compared to others. Furthermore, the lipid accumulation and the expression levels of inflammatory factors were all significantly down-regulated in those ones received combination therapy compared with others (all P < 0.05). Further pathological analysis demonstrated that combination therapy effectively ameliorated fibrosis and myocardial morphological changes of DCM rats via activating the upregulation of AMPK and PPAR-γ signaling pathway, and inhibiting NF-κB activity in myocardial tissues of DCM rats. In conclusion, APS microbubbles combined with UTMD effectively protect the myocardial injury of DCM rats via activating AMPK signaling pathway to alleviate inflammation response, fibrosis and oxidative stress in myocardial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hebin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Du Y, Wan H, Huang P, Yang J, He Y. A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Khutami C, Sumiwi SA, Khairul Ikram NK, Muchtaridi M. The Effects of Antioxidants from Natural Products on Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes and Their Molecular Signaling Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042056. [PMID: 35216172 PMCID: PMC8875143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor that leads to the development of other diseases such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. These three metabolic disorders can occur simultaneously, hence, the treatment requires many drugs. Antioxidant compounds have been reported to have activities against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes via several mechanisms. This review aims to discuss the antioxidant compounds that have activity against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes together with their molecular signaling mechanism. The literature discussed in this review was obtained from the PUBMED database. Based on the collection of literature obtained, antioxidant compounds having activity against the three disorders (obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes) were identified. The activity is supported by various molecular signaling pathways that are influenced by these antioxidant compounds, further study of which would be useful in predicting drug targets for a more optimal effect. This review provides insights on utilizing one of these antioxidant compounds as opposed to several drugs. It is hoped that in the future, the number of drugs in treating obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes altogether can be minimized consequently reducing the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chindiana Khutami
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Role of ranolazine in heart failure: From cellular to clinic perspective. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174787. [PMID: 35114190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ranolazine was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an antianginal drug in 2006, and has been used since in certain groups of patients with stable angina. The therapeutic action of ranolazine was initially attributed to inhibitory effects on fatty acids metabolism. As investigations went on, however, it developed that the main beneficial effects of ranolazine arise from its action on the late sodium current in the heart. Since late sodium currents were discovered to be involved in various heart pathologies such as ischemia, arrhythmias, systolic and diastolic dysfunctions, and all these conditions are associated with heart failure, ranolazine has in some way been tested either directly or indirectly on heart failure in numerous experimental and clinical studies. As the heart continuously remodels following any sort of severe injury, the inhibition by ranolazine of the underlying mechanisms of cardiac remodeling including ion disturbances, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, metabolic dysregulation, and neurohormonal impairment are discussed, along with unresolved issues. A projection of pathologies targeted by ranolazine from cellular level to clinical is provided in this review.
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Yang Z, Mo Y, Cheng F, Zhang H, Shang R, Wang X, Liang J, Liu Y, Hao B. Antioxidant Effects and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Action of Limonium aureum Extract Based on Systematic Network Pharmacology. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:775490. [PMID: 35071383 PMCID: PMC8767100 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.775490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the redox imbalance state of organisms that involves in a variety of biological processes of diseases. Limonium aureum (L.) Hill. is an excellent wild plant resource in northern China, which has potential application value for treating oxidative stress. However, there are few studies that focused on the antioxidant effect and related mechanism of L. aureum. Thus, the present study combining systematic network pharmacology and molecular biology aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of L. aureum and explore its underlying anti-oxidation mechanisms. First, the antioxidant activity of L. aureum extracts was confirmed by in vitro and intracellular antioxidant assays. Then, a total of 11 bioactive compounds, 102 predicted targets, and 70 antioxidant-related targets were obtained from open source databases. For elucidating the molecular mechanisms of L. aureum, the PPI network and integrated visualization network based on bioinformatics assays were constructed to preliminarily understand the active compounds and related targets. The subsequent enrichment analysis results showed that L. aureum mainly affect the biological processes involving oxidation-reduction process, response to drug, etc., and the interference with these biological processes might be due to the simultaneous influence on multiple signaling pathways, including the HIF-1 and ERBB signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA levels of predicted hub genes were measured by qRT-PCR to verify the regulatory effect of L. aureum on them. Collectively, this finding lays a foundation for further elucidating the anti-oxidative damage mechanism of L. aureum and promotes the development of therapeutic drugs for oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Mo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Li S, Wang M, Ma J, Pang X, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. MOTS-c and Exercise Restore Cardiac Function by Activating of NRG1-ErbB Signaling in Diabetic Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:812032. [PMID: 35370955 PMCID: PMC8969227 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.812032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction are the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is important in inhibiting myocardial pathologic remodeling and restoring cardiac function in diabetes. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c has exercise-like effects by improving insulin resistance, combatting hyperglycemia, and reducing lipid accumulation. We investigated the effects and transcriptomic profiling of MOTS-c and aerobic exercise on cardiac properties in a rat model of type 2 diabetes which was induced by feeding a high fat high sugar diet combined with an injection of a low dose of streptozotocin. Both aerobic exercise and MOTS-c treatment reduced abnormalities in cardiac structure and function. Transcriptomic function enrichment analysis revealed that MOTS-c had exercise-like effects on inflammation, myocardial apoptosis, angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and showed that the NRG1-ErbB4 pathway might be an important component in both MOTS-c and exercise induced attenuation of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Moreover, our findings suggest that MOTS-c activates NRG1-ErbB4 signaling and mimics exercise-induced cardio-protection in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ismail Laher,
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Li S, Ma W, Cai B. Targeting cardiomyocyte proliferation as a key approach of promoting heart repair after injury. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:34. [PMID: 35006441 PMCID: PMC8607366 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI) is a major contributor to human mortality and morbidity. The mammalian adult heart almost loses its plasticity to appreciably regenerate new cardiomyocytes after injuries, such as MI and heart failure. The neonatal heart exhibits robust proliferative capacity when exposed to varying forms of myocardial damage. The ability of the neonatal heart to repair the injury and prevent pathological left ventricular remodeling leads to preserved or improved cardiac function. Therefore, promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation after injuries to reinitiate the process of cardiomyocyte regeneration, and suppress heart failure and other serious cardiovascular problems have become the primary goal of many researchers. Here, we review recent studies in this field and summarize the factors that act upon the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and cardiac repair after injury and discuss the new possibilities for potential clinical treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuainan Li
- Department of Pharmacy at The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacy at The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacy at The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, the Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Silva AM, Souto SB, Guerra F, Severino P, Zaccardelli M, Souto EB, Santini A. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-01003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphic abstract
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Chen X, Ren L, Liu X, Sun X, Dong C, Jiang Y, Qin Y, Qu H, Jiao J, Wang S, Bai Y, Yang B. Ranolazine protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating the NOTCH1/NRG1 pathway. Life Sci 2020; 261:118306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Network Pharmacology-Based Identification of the Mechanisms of Shen-Qi Compound Formula in Treating Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5798764. [PMID: 32595730 PMCID: PMC7292981 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5798764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this research is to identify the mechanisms of Shen-Qi compound formula (SQC), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), for treating diabetes mellitus (DM) using system pharmacology. Methods The active components and therapeutic targets were identified, and these targets were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Finally, an integrated pathway was constructed to show the mechanisms of SQC. Results A total of 282 active components and 195 targets were identified through a database search. The component-target network was constructed, and the key components were screened out according to their degree. Through the GO, PPI, and KEGG analyses, the mechanism network of SQC treating DM was constructed. Conclusions This study shows that the mechanisms of SQC treating DM are related to various pathways and targets. This study provides a good foundation and basis for further in-depth verification and clinical application.
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Zheng Y, Ren W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu D, Liu Y. A Review of the Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:349. [PMID: 32265719 PMCID: PMC7105737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) is a type of traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of clinical application. It is used in the improvement and treatment of various diseases as medicine and food to invigorate the spleen and replenish qi. The main components of A. membranaceus are Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), flavonoids compounds, saponins compounds, alkaloids, etc. APS is the most important natural active component in A. membranaceus, and possesses multiple pharmacological properties. At present, APS possess the huge potential to develop a drug improving or treating different diseases. In this review, we reveal the potential approaches of pre-treating and preparation on APS as much as possible and the study on content of APS and its chemical composition including different monosaccharides. More importantly, this paper summarize pharmacological actions on immune regulation, such as enhancing the immune organ index, promoting the proliferation of immune cells, stimulating the release of cytokines, and affecting the secretion of immunoglobulin and conduction of immune signals; anti-aging; anti-tumor by enhancing immunity, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibiting the proliferation and transfer of tumor cells; antiviral effects; regulation of blood glucose such as type I diabetes mellitus, type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications; lipid-lowering; anti-fibrosis; antimicrobial activities and anti-radiation. It provided theoretical basis for the further research such as its structure and mechanism of action, and clinical application of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zheng
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Ren
- Pharmacy College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Education, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Pharmacy College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Amani M, Rahmati M, Fathi M, Ahmadvand H. Reduce Muscle Fibrosis through Exercise via NRG1/ErbB2 Modification in Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6053161. [PMID: 32509881 PMCID: PMC7244949 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6053161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic myopathy refers to the manifestations in the skeletal muscle as a result of altered glucose homeostasis which reflects as fibrosis. Since physical exercise has been indicated a protective strategy for improving glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, we tested a hypothesis under which the endurance exercise training could reverse the produced skeletal muscle fibrosis by diabetes. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups including healthy control (HC), healthy trained (HT), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic trained (DT) groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg). Rats in the HT and DT groups carried out an exercise program on a motorized treadmill for five days a week over six weeks. Skeletal muscle levels of NRG1and ErbB2 were measured by the Western blot method. Exercise training decreased blood glucose levels in the DT group. Induction of diabetes increased skeletal muscle fibrosis in both the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow soleus muscles, while endurance training modified it in diabetic trained rats. Moreover, muscle NRG1and ErbB2 levels were increased in diabetic rats, while training modified muscle NRG1and ErbB2 levels in diabetic trained rats. Our study provides novel evidence that endurance training could modify skeletal muscle fibrosis through NRG1/ErbB2 modification in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Complications/metabolism
- Diabetes Complications/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Fibrosis/metabolism
- Fibrosis/prevention & control
- Male
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy/prevention & control
- Neuregulin-1/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Amani
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Hasan Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Chemical Discrimination of Astragalus mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus Based on Metabolomics Using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS Approach. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224064. [PMID: 31717584 PMCID: PMC6891664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus mongholicus (MG) and Astragalus membranaceus (MJ), both generally known as Huangqi in China, are two perennial herbals widely used in variety diseases. However, there were still some differences in the chemical ingredients between MG and MJ. In this paper, metabolomics combined with the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to contrastively analyze the chemical constituents between MG and MJ. As a result, principal component analysis showed that MG and MJ were separated clearly. A total of 53 chemical markers were successfully identified for the discrimination of MG and MJ. Of them, the contents of 36 components including Astragaloside I~III, Astragaloside IV, Agroastragaloside I, etc. in MJ were significantly higher than those in MG. On the contrary, the contents of 17 other components including coumaric acid, formononetin, sophoricoside, etc. in MG were obviously higher than those in MJ. The results showed that the distinctive constituents in MG and MJ were remarkable, and MJ may own stronger pharmacological activities than MG. In a word, MG and MJ may be treated as two different herbs. This paper demonstrated that metabolomics was a vitally credible technology to rapidly screen the characteristic chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Wang Y, Li H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Xiong F, Liu Y, Xue H, Yang Z, Ni S, Sahil A, Che H, Wang L. Coriolus versicolor
alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting cardiac fibrosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2737-2748. [PMID: 31338905 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiu Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Fangfei Xiong
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Yining Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Hongru Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Sha Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Abbas Sahil
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Hui Che
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
- Institute of Chronic DiseaseHeilongjiang Academy of Medical Science Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
- Institute of Chronic DiseaseHeilongjiang Academy of Medical Science Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
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Sun S, Yang S, An N, Wang G, Xu Q, Liu J, Mao Y. Astragalus polysaccharides inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis during diabetic cardiomyopathy via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111857. [PMID: 30959142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (AM) has been utilized for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications for centuries. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the main bioactive ingredient extracted from the root of AM, is prescribed widely in China and has definite cardioprotective effect during diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis played a crucial role in the progression of DCM. However, the regulatory mechanisms of APS on ER stress pathway haven't been comprehensively studied so far. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify the effect of APS on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and to investigate the mechanisms for the anti-apoptotic effect of APS during DCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS DCM rat model was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injection and treated with APS for 16 weeks. Cardiac function, pathological changes and apoptotic cells were assessed by echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. Expressions of key molecules in ER stress pathway were detected by Western blot analysis. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to high glucose (HG) and treated with APS for 24 h. Cell viability, apoptosis and protein expressions were assessed by MTT, flow cytometer and Western blot analysis, respectively. Moreover, lentivirus over-expressing (OE) C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was employed to further investigate the causative role of ER stress pathway in APS-mediated effect on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. RESULTS In vivo, the results demonstrated that APS could improve heart function and attenuate myocardial apoptosis in DCM rat model. Further study demonstrated that APS could down-regulate the protein expressions of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) related factors of ER stress pathway. In vitro, APS significantly inhibit HG stimulated H9C2 cell apoptosis and the expressions of ATF6 and PERK related proteins of ER stress pathway. However, after CHOP-OE lentivirus transfection, the protective effects of APS were diminished as increased apoptotic rate and higher expression of CHOP. CONCLUSIONS APS could attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis via down-regulating the expression of ATF6 and PERK related factors of ER stress pathway in DCM rats and HG-stimulated H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of the Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Nina An
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Guimei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Guo Z, Lou Y, Kong M, Luo Q, Liu Z, Wu J. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1463. [PMID: 30909474 PMCID: PMC6470777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Muyan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, China.
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Shenqi Fuzheng Injection impairs bile duct ligation-induced cholestatic liver injury in vivo. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180787. [PMID: 30610157 PMCID: PMC6350043 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: The aim of the present study sought to determine the protective function of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) in cholestatic liver injury. Methods: Cholestatic liver injury was induced in a 7-day bile duct-ligated (BDL) rat model. Rats were divided into three groups that were comprised of: (1) Sham; (2) BDL model; and (3) SFI treatment. The sham and BDL groups were treated with an appropriate volume of 0.9% sodium chloride as the vehicle, and the SFI group was administered SFI at a dose of 20 ml/kg/day, via tail vein injection. Results: SFI significantly (all at P<0.01) decreased the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase as compared with the BDL group, which was associated with reduced severity of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatic damage. Moreover, SFI significantly decreased the levels of hepatic interleukin-6 (P<0.01), tumor necrosis factor-α (P=0.041), and malondialdehyde (P=0.026), and significantly increased the levels of total superoxide dismutase (P<0.01), and the GSH/GSSG ratio (P=0.041) in the liver. Western blot analysis showed that SFI increased PPAR-γ expression; however, SFI treatment decreased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65. Conclusions: These data demonstrated that SFI attenuated both inflammation and oxidative stress, and disrupted cholestatic liver injury. The involved mechanism was dependent, at least in part, on regulating PPAR-γ, COX-2, and NF-κBp65 expression.
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