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Li T, Chu C, Wei B, Lu H. Immunity debt: Hospitals need to be prepared in advance for multiple respiratory diseases that tend to co-occur. Biosci Trends 2024; 17:499-502. [PMID: 38072445 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 transitions from a pandemic to an endemic presence, a significant rise in respiratory diseases such as influenza and Mycoplasma pneumonia is challenging healthcare systems weakened by the impact of COVID-19. This commentary examines the global resurgence of respiratory pathogens, heightened by the post-pandemic "immunity debt", through an analysis of WHO surveillance data and national health reports. Findings reveal a substantial increase in respiratory illnesses, notably among children, compounded by a shortage of pediatricians and growing antimicrobial resistance. This underscores the need to improve hospital preparedness, optimize clinical responses, and enhance public health strategies to effectively navigate the impending peak of concurrent respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Biying Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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2
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Xu R, Wang W, Zhang W. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolves, should Omicron subvariant BA.2 be subjected to quarantine, or should we learn to live with it? Front Public Health 2022; 10:1039123. [PMID: 36504951 PMCID: PMC9730036 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1039123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been nearly 35 months since the COVID-19 outbreak. The pathogen SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into several variants. Among them, Omicron is the fifth variant of concern which have rapidly spread globally during the past 8 months. Omicron variant shows different characteristics from previous variants, which is highly infectious, highly transmissible, minimally pathogenic, vaccine and antibody tolerant; however, it is less likely to cause severe illness, resulting in fewer deaths. Omicron has evolved into five main lineages, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. Before BA.5, Omicron BA.2 sublineage was the dominant strain all over the world for several months. The experience of prevention and treatment against BA.2 is worth studying and learning for overcoming other Omicron subvariants. Although the Omicron subvariant BA.2 is significantly less severe than that caused by ancestral strains, it is still far more dangerous than influenza, and its long-term sequelae are unknown. Effective treatments are currently limited; therefore, effective defense may be the key to controlling the epidemic today, rather than just "living with" the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Xu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Nephrology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Karako K, Song P, Chen Y, Karako T. COVID-19 in Japan during 2020-2022: Characteristics, responses, and implications for the health care system. J Glob Health 2022; 12:03073. [PMID: 36227719 PMCID: PMC9559364 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Karako
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Peipei Song
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Karako
- International Health Care Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Malaria Publications before and during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Analysis. PUBLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/publications10030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to affect malaria intervention strategies, the suspension of malaria elimination programs, and the publication of malaria research. We compared differences in authorship, affiliations, countries, funding sources, article types, keywords, languages, and citations between studies published before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The searches were performed online using the Scopus database on 8 April 2022. The searches were limited to two periods: before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). The information of authorship, affiliations, countries, funding sources, article types, keywords, languages, and citations between studies published before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared using frequency and percentage. The relationships between the most productive authors, countries, affiliations, journals, and frequently used keywords were visualized using the VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) software. A total of 2965 articles were identified in two periods and, among those, 1291 relevant studies were included. There was no difference in malaria publications before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (679 articles, 52.6% vs. 612 articles, 47.4%). Compared between the two periods, the preliminary trend of malaria publications in terms of authorship, affiliations, countries, funding sources, article types, keywords, languages, and citations were different. In conclusion, the current study showed the preliminary trends in malaria publications before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study would encourage researchers to perform a scoping review or systematic review to better understand the direction of malaria publications during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Xue T, Fan X, Chang Z. Dynamics of a stochastic SIRS epidemic model with standard incidence and vaccination. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:10618-10636. [PMID: 36032009 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A stochastic SIRS epidemic model with vaccination is discussed. A new stochastic threshold $ R_0^s $ is determined. When the noise is very low ($ R_0^s < 1 $), the disease becomes extinct, and if $ R_0^s > 1 $, the disease persists. Furthermore, we show that the solution of the stochastic model oscillates around the endemic equilibrium point and the intensity of the fluctuation is proportional to the intensity of the white noise. Computer simulations are used to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xue
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Chang
- School of Safety Science, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Li T, Asakawa T, Liu H, Chu C, Lu H. The role of influenza in the era of COVID-19: Can we forget it? Biosci Trends 2022; 16:374-376. [PMID: 35850992 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been a topic of interest since a pandemic struck in 2019. The morbidity of influenza tended to decrease due to the measures to prevent COVID-19. Indeed, influenza seems to be "ignored" in this era of COVID-19. However, influenza has not disappeared from the scene. Presented here are two examples of recent influenza epidemics in China and Australia. Possible interactions between COVID-19 and influenza are discussed. Measures against COVID-19 may reduce contact with influenza, subsequently reducing adaptive immunity against influenza in the general population. Influenza might not be center stage right now, but insufficient adaptive immunity in the population may potentially trigger a future influenza pandemic. Coinfection with COVID-19 and influenza might potentially be a thorny problem. Hence, influenza cannot be ignored. Governments around the world should take measures to prepare for a possible influenza pandemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Centre of Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Medical Administration Department, Shenzhen Municipal Health Commission, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre of Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Song P, Karako T. The strategy behind Japan's response to COVID-19 from 2020-2021 and future challenges posed by the uncertainty of the Omicron variant in 2022. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:350-352. [PMID: 34980786 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Japan has experienced five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic so far. Four states of emergency were declared, and the Tokyo 2020 Olympic (July 23-August 8, 2021) and Paralympic Games (August 24-September 5, 2021) were held during the fifth wave of the pandemic. Although a record 5,773 new cases were reported in Tokyo on August 13, the number abruptly decreased afterwards, and only 9 new cases were confirmed in Tokyo on November 1, 2021. The high vaccination rates (79.2% of the total population has received the first dose and 77.8% has received the second dose as of December 24, 2021) and behavioral changes (such as mask wearing rate in public places remains close to 100%) are considered to be important factors in curbing the spread of the virus. However, the new Omicron variant poses future challenges due to its uncertainty. A cumulative total of 231 cases of the Omicron variant were reported in Japan between November 30 and December 25, 2021. Preliminary data indicated that the Omicron variant could be more contagious but less deadly than the Delta variant. Since mankind may be forced to coexist with COVID-19, efforts such as vaccination campaigns will need to continue and behavioral changes will become increasingly important as the "new normal" to reduce population density and contact with people. This is evinced at least in Japan's successful practices in fighting the past five waves of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Song
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Karako
- International Health Care Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hu CY, Tang YW, Su QM, Lei Y, Cui WS, Zhang YY, Zhou Y, Li XY, Wang ZF, Zhao ZX. Public Health Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic Reduce the Spread of Other Respiratory Infectious Diseases. Front Public Health 2021; 9:771638. [PMID: 34858936 PMCID: PMC8631357 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.771638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Public health measures (such as wearing masks, physical distancing, and isolation) have significantly reduced the spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but the impact of public health measures on other respiratory infectious diseases is unclear. Objective: To assess the correlation between public health measures and the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We collected the data from the National Health and Construction Commission in China on the number of patients with six respiratory infectious diseases (measles, tuberculosis, pertussis, scarlet fever, influenza, and mumps) from 2017 to 2020 and assessed the correlation between public health measures and the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases. Finally, we used the data of the six respiratory infectious diseases in 2021 to verify our results. Results: We found public health measures significantly reduced the incidence of measles (p = 0.002), tuberculosis (p = 0.002), pertussis (p = 0.004), scarlet fever (p = 0.002), influenza (p = 0.034), and mumps (p = 0.002) in 2020, and prevented seasonal peaks. Moreover, the effects of public health measures were most marked during the peak seasons for these infections. Of the six respiratory infectious diseases considered, tuberculosis was least affected by public health measures. Conclusion: Public health measures were very effective in reducing the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases, especially when the respiratory infectious diseases would normally have been at their peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wen Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Min Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Shuai Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Hirose T, Katayama Y, Tanaka K, Kitamura T, Nakao S, Tachino J, Nakao S, Nitta M, Iwami T, Fujimi S, Uejima T, Miyamoto Y, Baba T, Mizobata Y, Kuwagata Y, Shimazu T, Matsuoka T. Reduction of influenza in Osaka, Japan during the COVID-19 outbreak: a population-based ORION registry study. IJID REGIONS 2021; 1:79-81. [PMID: 35721776 PMCID: PMC8514326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
No reports using a population-based registry to evaluate COVID-19 impact on influenza The Osaka Prefecture government created the ORION registry ORION is the Osaka Emergency Information Research Intelligent Operation Network ORION records emergency patients treated by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel Number of influenza patients transported by EMS decreased during COVID-19 pandemic
Objectives Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hirose
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tomoya Hirose, MD, PhD, Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Tel.: +81-6-6879-5707; Fax: +81-6-6879-5720.
| | - Yusuke Katayama
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Nakao
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jotaro Tachino
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shota Nakao
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Senshu Trauma and Critical Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center, 2-23 Rinku-orai kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nitta
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 596-8686, Japan
| | - Taku Iwami
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Kyoto University Health Service, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujimi
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Uejima
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Acute Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Otemae Hospital, 1-5-34 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Takehiko Baba
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Baba Memorial Hospital, 4-244 Hamadera Funaocho-higashi, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka 592-8555, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Mizobata
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kuwagata
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimazu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuoka
- The Working Group to Analyze the Emergency Medical Care System in Osaka Prefecture
- Senshu Trauma and Critical Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center, 2-23 Rinku-orai kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8577, Japan
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