The expression and clinicopathological role of CDX2 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

The Expression and Clinicopathological Significance of BRAF V600E and Mucin 6 in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Study

Aim. The study aims to explore the expression levels and clinicopathological significance of BRAF V600E and mucin 6 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Method. Immunohistochemistry for BRAF V600E and mucin 6 was performed in 110 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Subsequently, a comprehensive review of medical records and clinicopathological analysis was undertaken. Results. BRAF V600E expression was detected in 11 patients (10%); mucin 6 expression was observed in 19 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma specimens (17%). Thereafter, Cox regression models indicated that positive expression of either MUC6 positive (hazard ratio = 0.091, 95% confidence interval = 0.034-0.247, P < .001) and BRAF V600E positive (hazard ratio =0.150, 95% confidence interval = 0.058-0.388, P < .001) was significantly linked with longer overall survival for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Conclusion. The study concludes that positive expression of BRAF V600E and mucin 6 could potentially implied significant survival benefits for patients diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Comparison of current guidelines and consensus on the management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma: 2022 update

As a consequence of breakthroughs in the area of guidelines research, the therapy for cholangiocarcinoma has significantly improved the efficacy rate of diagnosis and survival outcomes. We compared the most recently updated clinical practice guidelines and consensus to provide recommendations based on the diagnostic and therapeutic equipment available in various countries. Following a systematic review, we discovered that these guidelines and consensus had both similarities and differences in terms of what organizations or groups drafted the guidelines and the approach, applicability, content and recent updates of the guidelines as well as in terms of diagnostic and treatment algorithms. The disparities could be attributable to a variety of etiological factors, high risk patients, health resources, medical technology, treatment options, and income levels. Additionally, while complete adoption of guidelines may benefit physicians, patients, and authorities, there remains a disconnect between expected goals and implementation.

Adaptor protein XB130 regulates the aggressiveness of cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a group of heterogenous malignancies arising from bile duct epithelium with distinct pathological features. Adaptor proteins have implicated in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of different cancer cells. The objective of this study was to assess whether the adaptor protein XB130 (AFAP1L2) is a critical biological determinant of CCA outcome. XB130 expression levels were investigated in four CCA cell lines compared to an immortalized cholangiocyte cell line by Western blotting. Small interfering (si) RNA-mediated XB130 gene silencing was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduced XB130 expression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by MTT, transwell migration and cell invasion assay. The immunohistochemical quantification of XB130 levels were performed in surgically resected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from 151 CCA patients. The relationship between XB130 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of CCA patients were analyzed. Our results showed that XB130 was highly expressed in KKU-213A cell line. Knockdown of XB130 using siRNA significantly decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion properties of KKU-213A cells through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that XB130 plays an important role in CCA progression. Moreover, elevated XB130 expression levels were positive relationship with lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), intrahepatic type of CCA, high TNM staging (stage III, IV), high T classification (T3, T4), and lymph node metastasis. We provide the first evidence that the overexpression of XB130 is associated with tumorigenic properties of CCA cells, leading to CCA progression with aggressive clinical outcomes.