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Delamou A, Tripathi V, Camara BS, Sidibe S, Grovogui FM, Kolie D, Bouedouno P, Kourouma K, Banze DF, Mafu MM. Capacity building in operational research on obstetric fistula: Experience in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2017-2021. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 160:459-467. [PMID: 35900176 PMCID: PMC10087752 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To implement a Flexible Operational Research Training (FORT) course within the Fistula Care Plus Project, Democratic Republic of Congo, from 2017 to 2021. METHODS A descriptive study using design and implementation (process and outcome) data. Two to four members of medical teams from three supported sites were selected for the training based on their research interests and level of involvement in the program. RESULTS Two courses (13-14 months each) involving nine facilitators and 17 participants overall were conducted between 2017 and 2021. Most participants in both courses were medical doctors (67% and 71%, respectively) from the supported hospitals (83% and 77%, respectively). About half were women. In addition to classic face-to-face didactic modules, the courses integrated online platforms to cope with the changing contexts (Ebola virus and COVID-19). Most participants reported having gained new skills in developing research protocols, collecting, managing, and analyzing data, and developing research manuscripts. The two courses resulted in six scientific manuscripts and three presentations at international conferences. Participants subsequently published five papers from their research after the first course. The total direct costs for both courses were representing a cost of $3669 per participant trained. CONCLUSION The FORT model proved feasible, efficient, and successful. However, scaling up will require more adaptation efforts from programs and participating sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Delamou
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea.,Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, Forecariah, Guinea
| | | | - Bienvenu Salim Camara
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea.,Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, Forecariah, Guinea
| | - Sidikiba Sidibe
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea.,Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, Forecariah, Guinea
| | - Fassou Mathias Grovogui
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Delphin Kolie
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea.,Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, Forecariah, Guinea
| | - Patrice Bouedouno
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, Forecariah, Guinea
| | - Karifa Kourouma
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, Forecariah, Guinea
| | | | - Michel M Mafu
- Engenderhealth, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Zeng LH, Hussain M, Syed SK, Saadullah M, Jamil Q, Alqahtani AM, Alqahtani T, Akram N, Khan IA, Parveen S, Fayyaz T, Fatima M, Shaukat S, Shabbir N, Fatima M, Kanwal A, Barkat MQ, Wu X. Revamping of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Front Public Health 2022; 9:757089. [PMID: 35265582 PMCID: PMC8899038 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.757089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) endure an asymmetrically high burden of worldwide disease and death caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), i.e., asthma, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). CRDs are firmly related with indigence, infectious diseases, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and add to complex multi-disease with great impact on the lives and livelihood of those affected. The pertinence of CRDs to health and demographic wellbeing is relied upon to increment in the long time ahead, as expectations of life rise and the contending dangers of right on time youth mortality and irresistible infections level. The WHO has distinguished the counteraction and control of NCDs as an earnest improvement issue and crucial for the sustainable development goals (SDSs) by 2030. In this review, we center on CRDs in LMICs. We examine the early life roots of CRDs, challenges in their avoidance, identification and administration in LMICs, and the pathways to resolve for accomplish valid widespread wellbeing inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shahzada Khurram Syed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik Saadullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurratulain Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Parveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Fayyaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mobeen Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saira Shaukat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Najia Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Busse CE, Anderson EW, Endale T, Smith YR, Kaniecki M, Shannon C, August ET. Strengthening research capacity: a systematic review of manuscript writing and publishing interventions for researchers in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-008059. [PMID: 35165096 PMCID: PMC8845213 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are under-represented in the academic literature. Scientific writing and publishing interventions may help researchers publish their findings; however, we lack evidence about the prevalence and effectiveness of such interventions. This review describes interventions for researchers in LMICs aimed at strengthening capacity for writing and publishing academic journal articles. METHODS We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to report literature searches in PubMed, Embase, Global Health, Scopus and ERIC. Our keywords included LMICs, low-income and middle-income countries, health research and writing/publication support interventions, with no restrictions on publication date. Our screening process consisted of title screening, abstract review and full-text review. We collected information about the content, implementation and evaluation of each intervention, if included. RESULTS We identified 20 interventions designed to strengthen capacity for scientific writing and publishing. We summarised information from the 14 interventions that reported submitted or published papers as outcomes separately, reasoning that because they provide quantifiable metrics of success, they may offer particular insights into intervention components leading to publication. The writing and publishing components in this 'Publications Reported' group were an average length of 5.4 days compared with 2.5 days in the other group we refer to as 'Other Interventions.' Whereas all 14 Publications Reported interventions incorporated mentors, only two of five in the Other Interventions group incorporated mentors. Across interventions, leaders expressed the importance of a high ratio of mentors to participants, the need to accommodate time demands of busy researchers, and the necessity of a budget for open access fees and high-quality internet connectivity. CONCLUSION Writing and publishing interventions in LMICs are an underutilised opportunity for capacity strengthening. To facilitate the implementation of high-quality interventions, future writing and publishing interventions should share their experiences by publishing detailed information about the approach and effectiveness of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara E Busse
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tamrat Endale
- Center for International Reproductive Health Training, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yolanda Regina Smith
- Center for International Reproductive Health Training, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marie Kaniecki
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carol Shannon
- Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ella T August
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Voss J, Yasobant S, Akridge A, Tarimo E, Seloilwe E, Hausner D, Mashalla Y. Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities for Global Health Leadership Training. Ann Glob Health 2021; 87:62. [PMID: 34307065 PMCID: PMC8284509 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global Health Leadership (GHL) programs are essential for training emerging health care professionals to be effective leaders. Synthesizing knowledge acquired through experience implementing GHL programs can inform future recommendations for GHL. Objective To describe the lessons learned, highlighting gaps, challenges and opportunities, during implementation of two GHL capacity building programs, namely the Afya Bora Consortium Fellowship in Global Health Leadership and the Sustaining Technical and Analytic Resources (STAR) fellowship and internship program for global health professionals. Methods A mixed methods case-comparison study was conducted, using qualitative data (expert opinion) collected from the Program Directors in order to understand the experiences of the two GHL programs. A structured response guide was used to assess the overall experience in GHL program implementation, operational challenges and reported gaps. Afya Bora and STAR have been implemented for 8 and 2.5 years respectively. Thus, the analysis reflects a snapshot of the two programs at different stages. Findings The results reflect knowledge gained through extensive experience in implementing the two GHL programs. Afya Bora has trained 188 multi-disciplinary fellows, and 100% of the African fellows are engaged in leadership positions in government departments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in their countries. STAR has placed 147 participants (89 fellows and 58 interns) in more than 25 countries globally. Both programs were successful in strengthening south-south and north-south collaborations for a common goal of improving global health. Implementation of both fellowships identified room for improvement in operational procedures and financing of the programs, and highlighted knowledge and skills gaps, as well as challenges in sustainability of the training programs. Conclusions Afya Bora and STAR have had significant impact and have contributed to changing the leadership landscape in global health. Future GHL programs should address sustainability in terms of financing, delivery modalities and domestic integration of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Voss
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Afya Bora Consortium
| | - Sandul Yasobant
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Global Health, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anike Akridge
- Sustaining Technical and Analytical Resources (STAR) Project, Public Health Institute (PHI), Washington D.C., USA
| | - Edith Tarimo
- Afya Bora Consortium
- School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Esther Seloilwe
- Afya Bora Consortium
- School of Nursing, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - David Hausner
- Sustaining Technical and Analytical Resources (STAR) Project, Public Health Institute (PHI), Washington D.C., USA
| | - Yohana Mashalla
- Afya Bora Consortium
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Wang ZY, Zhang LJ, Liu YH, Jiang WX, Jia JY, Tang SL, Liu XY. The effectiveness of E-learning in continuing medical education for tuberculosis health workers: a quasi-experiment from China. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:72. [PMID: 34006313 PMCID: PMC8129609 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the context of rapid technological change and COIVD-19 pandemics, E-learning may provide a unique opportunity for addressing the challenges in traditional face-to-face continuing medical education (CME). However, the effectiveness of E-learning in CME interventions remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate whether E-learning training program can improve TB health personnel's knowledge and behaviour in China. METHODS This study used a convergent mixed method research design to evaluate the impact of E-learning programs for tuberculosis (TB) health workers in terms of knowledge improvement and behaviour change during the China-Gates TB Project (add the time span). Quantitative data was collected by staff surveys (baseline n = 555; final n = 757) and management information systems to measure the demographic characteristics, training participation, and TB knowledge. Difference-in-difference (DID) and multiple linear regression models were employed to capture the effectiveness of knowledge improvement. Qualitative data was collected by interviews (n = 30) and focus group discussions (n = 44) with managers, teachers, and learners to explore their learning experience. RESULTS Synchronous E-learning improved the knowledge of TB clinicians (average treatment effect, ATE: 7.3 scores/100, P = 0.026). Asynchronous E-learning has a significant impact on knowledge among primary care workers (ATE: 10.9/100, P < 0.001), but not in clinicians or public health physicians. Traditional face-to-face training has no significant impact on all medical staff. Most of the learners (57.3%) agreed that they could apply what they learned to their practice. Qualitative data revealed that high quality content is the key facilitator of the behaviour change, while of learning content difficulty, relevancy, and hardware constraints are key barriers. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of E-learning in CME varies across different types of training formats, organizational environment, and target audience. Although clinicians and primary care workers improved their knowledge by E-learning activities, public health physicians didn't benefit from the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Wang
- China Centre for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 97 Ma Chang, Tongzhou, Beijing, 101149, China
- Clinical Centre on Tuberculosis, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 97 Ma Chang, Tongzhou, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 97 Ma Chang, Tongzhou, Beijing, 101149, China
- Clinical Centre on Tuberculosis, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 97 Ma Chang, Tongzhou, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Wei-Xi Jiang
- Global Health Research Centre, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, 215316, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Yun Jia
- School of Mathematical Science, Nankai University, No 94. Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Tang
- Global Health Research Centre, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, 215316, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Liu
- China Centre for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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6
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Wang ZY, Zhang LJ, Liu YH, Jiang WX, Tang SL, Liu XY. Process evaluation of E-learning in continuing medical education: evidence from the China-Gates Foundation Tuberculosis Control Program. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:23. [PMID: 33750423 PMCID: PMC7943261 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background E-learning is a growing phenomenon which provides a unique opportunity to address the challenges in continuing medical education (CME). The China-Gates Foundation Tuberculosis (TB) Control Program implemented online training for TB health workers in three provinces of China. We aim to evaluate the implementation of E-learning CME programs, analyse the barriers and facilitators during the implementation process, and to provide policy recommendations. Methods Routine monitoring data were collected through the project office from December 2017 to June 2019. In-depth interviews, focus group discussion with project management personnel, teachers, and trainees (n = 78), and staff survey (baseline n = 555, final n = 757) were conducted in selected pilot areas at the provincial, municipal, and county/district levels in the three project provinces (Zhejiang, Jilin, and Ningxia). Descriptive analysis of quantitative data summarized the participation, registration, and certification rates for training activities. Thematic approach was used for qualitative data analysis. Results By the end of June 2019, the national and provincial remote training platforms had organized 98 synchronous learning activities, with an average of 173.2 people [standard deviation (SD) = 49.8] per online training session, 163.3 people (SD = 41.2) per online case discussion. In the pilot area, 64.5% of TB health workforce registered the asynchronous learning platform, and 50.1% obtained their professional certifications. Participants agreed that E-learning CME was more economical, has better content as well as more flexible work schedules. However, the project still faced challenges in terms of unmet learning needs, disorganized governance, insufficient hardware and software, unsupported environment, and lack of incentive mechanisms. Conclusions Our results suggested that it’s feasible to conduct large scale E-learning CME activities in the three project provinces of China. Training content and format are key facilitators of the program implementation, while the matching of training supply and demand, organizational coordination, internet technology, motivations, and sustainability are key barriers. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Wang
- China Centre for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 97 Ma Chang, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China.,Clinical Centre on Tuberculosis, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 97 Ma Chang, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 97 Ma Chang, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China.,Clinical Centre on Tuberculosis, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 97 Ma Chang, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Wei-Xi Jiang
- Global Health Research Centre, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, 215316, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Tang
- Global Health Research Centre, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, 215316, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Liu
- China Centre for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Meghji J, Mortimer K, Agusti A, Allwood BW, Asher I, Bateman ED, Bissell K, Bolton CE, Bush A, Celli B, Chiang CY, Cruz AA, Dinh-Xuan AT, El Sony A, Fong KM, Fujiwara PI, Gaga M, Garcia-Marcos L, Halpin DMG, Hurst JR, Jayasooriya S, Kumar A, Lopez-Varela MV, Masekela R, Mbatchou Ngahane BH, Montes de Oca M, Pearce N, Reddel HK, Salvi S, Singh SJ, Varghese C, Vogelmeier CF, Walker P, Zar HJ, Marks GB. Improving lung health in low-income and middle-income countries: from challenges to solutions. Lancet 2021; 397:928-940. [PMID: 33631128 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionately high burden of the global morbidity and mortality caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and post-tuberculosis lung disease. CRDs are strongly associated with poverty, infectious diseases, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and contribute to complex multi-morbidity, with major consequences for the lives and livelihoods of those affected. The relevance of CRDs to health and socioeconomic wellbeing is expected to increase in the decades ahead, as life expectancies rise and the competing risks of early childhood mortality and infectious diseases plateau. As such, the World Health Organization has identified the prevention and control of NCDs as an urgent development issue and essential to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. In this Review, we focus on CRDs in LMICs. We discuss the early life origins of CRDs; challenges in their prevention, diagnosis, and management in LMICs; and pathways to solutions to achieve true universal health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah Meghji
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France.
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian W Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Innes Asher
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Bissell
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte E Bolton
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew Bush
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiang
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alvaro A Cruz
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Anh-Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- Cochin Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France; European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Asma El Sony
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Epidemiological Laboratory (EPI Lab) for Public Health and Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Kwun M Fong
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre and The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, QLD, Australia; Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paula I Fujiwara
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Mina Gaga
- Athens Chest Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Garcia-Marcos
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Units, Arrixaca Children's University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; BioHealth Research Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; ARADyAL network, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M G Halpin
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John R Hurst
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shamanthi Jayasooriya
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Academic Unit of Primary Care, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ajay Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Maria V Lopez-Varela
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmonary Department, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Refiloe Masekela
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bertrand H Mbatchou Ngahane
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Maria Montes de Oca
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmonary Department, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Neil Pearce
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmocare Research and Education Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Sally J Singh
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cherian Varghese
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul Walker
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Teaching Hospitals, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather J Zar
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross Childrens Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guy B Marks
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Larkins S, Carlisle K, Harrington H, MacLaren D, Lovo E, Harrington R, Fernandes Alves L, Rafai E, Delai M, Whittaker M. From the Frontline: Strengthening Surveillance and Response Capacities of the Rural Workforce in the Asia-Pacific Region. How Can Grass-Roots Implementation Research Help? Front Public Health 2020; 8:507. [PMID: 33042947 PMCID: PMC7524875 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Health systems in the Asia-Pacific region are poorly prepared for pandemic threats, particularly in rural/provincial areas. Yet future emerging infectious diseases are highly likely to emerge in these rural/provincial areas, due to high levels of contact between animals and humans (domestically and through agricultural activities), over-stretched and under-resourced health systems, notably within the health workforce, and a diverse array of socio-cultural determinants of health. In order to optimally implement health security measures at the frontline of health services where the people are served, it is vital to build capacity at the local district and facility level to adapt national and global guidelines to local contexts, including health systems, and community and socio-cultural realities. During 2017/18 James Cook University (JCU) facilitated an implementation research training program (funded by Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) for rural/provincial and regional health and biosecurity workers and managers from Fiji, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste. This training was designed so frontline health workers could learn research in their workplace, with no funding other than workplace resources, on topics relevant to health security in their local setting. The program, based upon the WHO-TDR Structured Operational Research and Training IniTiative (SORT-IT) consists of three blocks of teaching and a small, workplace-based research project. Over 50 projects by health workers including surveillance staff, laboratory managers, disease control officers, and border security staff included: analysis and mapping of surveillance data, infection control, IHR readiness, prevention/response and outbreak investigation. Policy briefs written by participants have informed local, provincial and national health managers, policy makers and development partners and provided on-the-ground recommendations for improved practice and training. These policy briefs reflected the socio-cultural, health system and disease-specific realities of each context. The information in the policy briefs can be used collectively to assess and strengthen health workforce capacity in rural/provincial areas. The capacity to use robust but simple research tools for formative and evaluative purposes provides sustainable capacity in the health system, particularly the rural health workforce. This capacity improves responses to infectious diseases threats and builds resilience into fragile health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Larkins
- Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen Carlisle
- Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Humpress Harrington
- Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Atoifi Health Research Group, Atoifi Adventist Hospital, Malaita, Solomon Islands
| | - David MacLaren
- Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Atoifi Health Research Group, Atoifi Adventist Hospital, Malaita, Solomon Islands
| | - Etivina Lovo
- Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Fiji Institute of Pacific Health Research, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Relmah Harrington
- Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Atoifi Health Research Group, Atoifi Adventist Hospital, Malaita, Solomon Islands
| | - Lucsendar Fernandes Alves
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia.,World Health Organization, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Eric Rafai
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Mere Delai
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Maxine Whittaker
- Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Bowsher G, Papamichail A, El Achi N, Ekzayez A, Roberts B, Sullivan R, Patel P. A narrative review of health research capacity strengthening in low and middle-income countries: lessons for conflict-affected areas. Global Health 2019; 15:23. [PMID: 30914049 PMCID: PMC6434620 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-019-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting health research in conflict-affected areas and other complex environments is difficult, yet vital. However, the capacity to undertake such research is often limited and with little translation into practice, particularly in poorer countries. There is therefore a need to strengthen health research capacity in conflict-affected countries and regions.In this narrative review, we draw together evidence from low and middle-income countries to highlight challenges to research capacity strengthening in conflict, as well as examples of good practice. We find that authorship trends in health research indicate global imbalances in research capacity, with implications for the type and priorities of research produced, equity within epistemic communities and the development of sustainable research capacity in low and middle-income countries. Yet, there is little evidence on what constitutes effective health research capacity strengthening in conflict-affected areas. There is more evidence on health research capacity strengthening in general, from which several key enablers emerge: adequate and sustained financing; effective stewardship and equitable research partnerships; mentorship of researchers of all levels; and effective linkages of research to policy and practice.Strengthening health research capacity in conflict-affected areas needs to occur at multiple levels to ensure sustainability and equity. Capacity strengthening interventions need to take into consideration the dynamics of conflict, power dynamics within research collaborations, the potential impact of technology, and the wider political environment in which they take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Bowsher
- Conflict and Health Research Group, Department of War Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nassim El Achi
- R4HC-MENA, Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Bayard Roberts
- RECAP, Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard Sullivan
- R4HC-MENA, Institute of Cancer Policy, Conflict and Health Research Group, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Preeti Patel
- R4HC-MENA, Department of War Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
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Probandari A, Mahendradhata Y, Widjanarko B, Alisjahbana B. Social multiplier effects: academics' and practitioners' perspective on the benefits of a tuberculosis operational research capacity-building program in Indonesia. Glob Health Action 2017; 10:1381442. [PMID: 29039271 PMCID: PMC5800739 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1381442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tuberculosis Operational Research Group (TORG) implemented a capacity-building model involving academics and practitioners (i.e. clinicians or program staff) in an operational research (OR) team in Indonesia. OBJECTIVE This study explored academics' and practitioners' perspectives regarding the benefits of participating in a tuberculosis (TB) OR capacity-building program in Indonesia. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with 36 academics and 23 practitioners undertaking the TORG capacity-building program. We asked open-ended questions about their experience of the program. Data were analyzed via content analysis. RESULTS The findings demonstrated the social multiplier effects of the OR capacity-building program. Both academics and practitioners reported perceived improvements in research knowledge, skills, and experience, and described additional individual- and institutional-level benefits. The individual-level benefits level included improvements in understanding of the TB program, motivation for research and self-satisfaction, the development/enhancement of individual networking, receipt of recognition, and new opportunities. The additional benefits reported at an institutional level included improvement in research curricula, in-house training, and program management and the development/enhancement of institutional partnerships. CONCLUSIONS The program improved not only individuals' capacity for conducting OR but also the quality of the TB program management and public health education. OR should be included in research methodology curricula for postgraduate public health/disease control programs. The capacity-building model, in which academics and program staff collaborated within an OR team, should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Probandari
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yodi Mahendradhata
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bagoes Widjanarko
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjajaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - On behalf of Tuberculosis Operational Research Group (TORG)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjajaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
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Guillerm N, Dar Berger S, Bissell K, Kumar AMV, Ramsay A, Reid AJ, Zachariah R, Harries AD. Sustained research capacity after completing a Structured Operational Research and Training (SORT IT) course. Public Health Action 2016; 6:207-208. [PMID: 27695687 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Guillerm
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - S Dar Berger
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - K Bissell
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; The Union South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - A Ramsay
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - A J Reid
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, Luxembourg
| | - R Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, Luxembourg
| | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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12
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Zachariah R, Rust S, Berger SD, Guillerm N, Bissell K, Delaunois P, Reid AJ, Kumar AMV, Olliaro PL, Reeder JC, Harries AD, Ramsay A. Building Global Capacity for Conducting Operational Research Using the SORT IT Model: Where and Who? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160837. [PMID: 27505253 PMCID: PMC4978462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting Research capacity is weakest in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where operational research is highly relevant and needed. Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative (SORT IT) courses have been developed to train participants to conduct and publish operational research and influence policy and practice. Twenty courses were completed in Asia, Africa, Europe and the South Pacific between 2009 and 2014. Objectives In the 20 completed SORT IT courses, to assess where the research was conducted, who was trained, who became facilitators in subsequent courses and course outcomes. Design A cohort study of completed SORT IT courses Results There were 236 participants (41% female) including 64 nationalities who conducted research in 59 countries, mostly from Asia and Africa (mean course duration = 9.7 months). Most participants (68%) were from government health programs and non-governmental agencies. A total of 213(90%) participants completed all milestones successfully with 41(19%) becoming subsequent course facilitators, 88% of whom were from LMICs. Of 228 manuscripts submitted to scientific journals, 197(86%) were either published or in press; in 86%, the principal investigator (first author) was a LMIC national. Papers were published in 23 scientific journals (impact factor 0.5–4.4) and covered 21 disease categories (median publication time = 5.7 months). Published papers (186) had 94,794 cumulative article views/downloads. Article views/downloads for immediate open access articles were double those from closed access journals. Conclusion The SORT IT model has been effective in training personnel to produce relevant operational research in LMICs. It merits continued commitment and support for further scale-up and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Medical Department, Brussels Operational Centre, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefanie Rust
- KNCV, Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Selma Dar Berger
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Guillerm
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Karen Bissell
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Delaunois
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Medical Department, Brussels Operational Centre, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anthony J. Reid
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Medical Department, Brussels Operational Centre, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ajay M. V. Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Piero L. Olliaro
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John C. Reeder
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Ramsay
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Kumar AMV, Shewade HD, Tripathy JP, Guillerm N, Tayler-Smith K, Berger SD, Bissell K, Reid AJ, Zachariah R, Harries AD. Does research through Structured Operational Research and Training (SORT IT) courses impact policy and practice? Public Health Action 2016; 6:44-9. [PMID: 27051612 DOI: 10.5588/pha.15.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative (SORT IT) courses are well known for their output, with nearly 90% of participants completing the course and publishing in scientific journals. OBJECTIVE We assessed the impact of research papers on policy and practice that resulted from six SORT IT courses initiated between July 2012 and March 2013. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study involving e-mail-based, self-administered questionnaires and telephone/skype/in-person responses from first and/or senior co-authors of course papers. A descriptive content analysis of the responses was performed and categorised into themes. RESULTS Of 72 participants, 63 (88%) completed the course. Course output included 81 submitted papers, of which 76 (94%) were published. Of the 81 papers assessed, 45 (55%) contributed to a change in policy and/or practice: 29 contributed to government policy/practice change (20 at national, 4 at subnational and 5 at hospital level), 11 to non-government organisational policy change and 5 to reinforcing existing policy. The changes ranged from modifications of monitoring and evaluation tools, to redrafting of national guidelines, to scaling up existing policies. CONCLUSION More than half of the SORT IT course papers contributed to a change in policy and/or practice. Future assessments should include more robust and independent verification of the reported change(s) with all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - H D Shewade
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - J P Tripathy
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | - K Tayler-Smith
- Medical Department, Operational Centre Brussels, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - A J Reid
- Medical Department, Operational Centre Brussels, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Zachariah
- Medical Department, Operational Centre Brussels, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A D Harries
- The Union, Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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14
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Guillerm N, Tayler-Smith K, Dar Berger S, Bissell K, Kumar AMV, Ramsay A, Reid AJ, Zachariah R, Harries AD. Research output after participants complete a Structured Operational Research and Training (SORT IT) course. Public Health Action 2015; 5:266-8. [PMID: 26767182 DOI: 10.5588/pha.15.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen months after successfully completing one of six Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative (SORT IT) courses, e-mail questionnaires assessing post-course research output were returned by 63 participants (100% response rate). Thirty-two (51%) participants had completed new research projects, 24 (38%) had published papers, 28 (44%) had presented abstracts at conferences, 15 (24%) had facilitated at further OR courses, and 21 (33%) had reviewed scientific papers. Seven (11%) had secured further research funding and 22 (35%) stated that their institutions were involved in implementation or capacity building in operational research. Significant research output continues beyond course completion, further endorsing the value of the SORT IT model.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guillerm
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - K Tayler-Smith
- Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - S Dar Berger
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - K Bissell
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - A M V Kumar
- The Union South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - A Ramsay
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ; Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - A J Reid
- Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Zachariah
- Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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15
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Harries AD, Marais B, Kool B, Ram S, Kumar AMV, Gounder S, Viney K, Brostrom R, Roseveare C, Bissell K, Reid AJ, Zachariah R, Hill PC. Mentorship for operational research capacity building: hands-on or hands-off? Public Health Action 2015; 4:S56-8. [PMID: 26477290 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentorship is a key feature of operational research training courses run by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and Médecins Sans Frontières. During the recent South Pacific paper writing module, the faculty discussed 'hands-on' mentorship (direct technical assistance) vs. 'hands-off' mentorship (technical advice). This article explores the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Our collective experience indicates that 'hands-on' mentorship is a valuable learning experience for the participant and a rewarding experience for the mentor. This approach increases the likelihood of successful course completion, including publishing a well written paper. However, mentors must allow participants to lead and take ownership of the paper, in keeping with a first author position.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Marais
- The Sydney Emerging Infections and Biosecurity Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Kool
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Ram
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - A M V Kumar
- The Union South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S Gounder
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji
| | - K Viney
- Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - R Brostrom
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of TB Elimination, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C Roseveare
- Department of Statistics, Regional Public Health, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - K Bissell
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A J Reid
- Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Zachariah
- Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - P C Hill
- Centre for International Health, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Klinkenberg E, Assefa D, Rusen ID, Dlodlo RA, Shimeles E, Kebede B, Fiseha D, Tsegaye F, Leimane I, Teklai Y, Dacombe R, Aseffa A. The Ethiopian initiative to build sustainable capacity for operational research: overview and lessons learned. Public Health Action 2015; 4:S2-7. [PMID: 26478509 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Programme-based operational research is instrumental for the enhancement of tuberculosis (TB) control. In 2012, the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health launched an initiative for capacity building in operational research (OR). OBJECTIVE To develop sustainable capacity for OR in Ethiopia in a multiyear initiative. DESIGN The initiative was developed in collaboration with regional, national and international experts. Teams representing regions in Ethiopia conducted OR addressing national and regional priorities. To make use of local expertise and increase sustainability, a domestic mentor training programme was included. Existing capacity was enhanced through a competitive grant scheme providing TB researchers with financial and technical support. The Ethiopian Tuberculosis Research Advisory Committee was also supported in its functions. Regional ethics review bodies were strengthened or established where they did not exist. RESULTS Fifty-two people were trained and conducted 13 OR projects, of which six have been published to date. In addition, eight protocols were supported through grants. Ethics review bodies were strengthened in all regions. CONCLUSION The initiative trained participants from all regions and succeeded in the completion of all stages of the OR process. The success of the programme can be attributed to the team approach, 'learning while doing', integrated mentorship programme and strong national ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klinkenberg
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands ; Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Assefa
- TB CARE I/KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - I D Rusen
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - R A Dlodlo
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - E Shimeles
- TB CARE I/KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - B Kebede
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa
| | - D Fiseha
- TB CARE I/KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa ; Tuberculosis Research Advisory Committee, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa
| | - F Tsegaye
- TB CARE I/KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa ; Tuberculosis Research Advisory Committee, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa
| | - I Leimane
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Y Teklai
- Independent consultant, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - R Dacombe
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa ; Tuberculosis Research Advisory Committee, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa
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Bissell K, Viney K, Brostrom R, Gounder S, Khogali M, Kishore K, Kool B, Kumar AMV, Manzi M, Marais B, Marks G, Linh NN, Ram S, Reid S, Roseveare C, Tayler-Smith K, Van den Bergh R, Harries AD. Building operational research capacity in the Pacific. Public Health Action 2015; 4:S2-S13. [PMID: 26477282 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Operational research (OR) in public health aims to investigate strategies, interventions, tools or knowledge that can enhance the quality, coverage, effectiveness or performance of health systems. Attention has recently been drawn to the lack of OR capacity in public health programmes throughout the Pacific Islands, despite considerable investment in implementation. This lack of ongoing and critical reflection may prevent health programme staff from understanding why programme objectives are not being fully achieved, and hinder long-term gains in public health. The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) has been collaborating with Pacific agencies to conduct OR courses based on the training model developed by The Union and Médecins Sans Frontières Brussels-Luxembourg in 2009. The first of these commenced in 2011 in collaboration with the Fiji National University, the Fiji Ministry of Health, the World Health Organization and other partners. The Union and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community organised a second course for participants from other Pacific Island countries and territories in 2012, and an additional course for Fijian participants commenced in 2013. Twelve participants enrolled in each of the three courses. Of the two courses completed by end 2013, 18 of 24 participants completed their OR and submitted papers by the course deadline, and 17 papers have been published to date. This article describes the context, process and outputs of the Pacific courses, as well as innovations, adaptations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bissell
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; School of Population Health, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K Viney
- Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - R Brostrom
- Division of TB Elimination, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S Gounder
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Fiji Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji
| | - M Khogali
- Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - K Kishore
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - B Kool
- School of Population Health, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - M Manzi
- Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - B Marais
- Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infections and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Marks
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N N Linh
- Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ; Division of Pacific Technical Support, WHO Representative Office in the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - S Ram
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - S Reid
- Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Roseveare
- Regional Public Health, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - K Tayler-Smith
- Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Van den Bergh
- Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Guillerm N, Tayler-Smith K, Berger SD, Bissell K, Kumar AMV, Ramsay A, Reid AJ, Zachariah R, Harries AD. What happens after participants complete a Union-MSF structured operational research training course? Public Health Action 2015; 4:89-95. [PMID: 26399205 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Eight operational research (OR) courses run by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) for participants from low- and middle-income countries. There is a knowledge gap about whether participants continue OR after course completion. OBJECTIVES To determine 1) the research output of participants and their institutions after course completion; 2) the influence of OR fellowships on output; and 3) the output of non-OR fellows stratified by sex, region and staff position. DESIGN A self-administered e-mail questionnaire survey. RESULTS Of 83 participants who completed a course, 76 (92%) responded to the questionnaire. Following course completion, 47 (62%) participants completed new research projects, 38 (50%) published papers (vs. 25 [33%] who had published before the course), 42 (55%) presented posters or oral abstracts at conferences, 33 (43%) facilitated at further OR courses, 29 (38%) reviewed scientific papers, 25 (33%) secured further OR funding and 55 (72%) said their institutions were involved in OR implementation or capacity building. OR fellows performed better than non-OR fellows. Among the latter, males and participants from Asia had better output than females and participants from Africa (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The significant proportion of participants continuing to engage in OR after course completion provides encouraging evidence of the long-term value of this capacity building model.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guillerm
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - K Tayler-Smith
- Medical Department, Operational Centre Brussels, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - S D Berger
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - K Bissell
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - A M V Kumar
- The Union, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - A Ramsay
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ; Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
| | - A J Reid
- Medical Department, Operational Centre Brussels, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Zachariah
- Medical Department, Operational Centre Brussels, Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Ramsay A, Harries AD, Zachariah R, Bissell K, Hinderaker SG, Edginton M, Enarson DA, Satyanarayana S, Kumar AMV, Hoa NB, Tweya H, Reid AJ, Van den Bergh R, Tayler-Smith K, Manzi M, Khogali M, Kizito W, Ali E, Delaunois P, Reeder JC. The Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative for public health programmes. Public Health Action 2015; 4:79-84. [PMID: 26399203 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) and Médecins sans Frontières Brussels-Luxembourg (MSF) began developing an outcome-oriented model for operational research training. In January 2013, The Union and MSF joined with the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) at the World Health Organization (WHO) to form an initiative called the Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative (SORT IT). This integrates the training of public health programme staff with the conduct of operational research prioritised by their programme. SORT IT programmes consist of three one-week workshops over 9 months, with clearly-defined milestones and expected output. This paper describes the vision, objectives and structure of SORT IT programmes, including selection criteria for applicants, the research projects that can be undertaken within the time frame, the programme structure and milestones, mentorship, the monitoring and evaluation of the programmes and what happens beyond the programme in terms of further research, publications and the setting up of additional training programmes. There is a growing national and international need for operational research and related capacity building in public health. SORT IT aims to meet this need by advocating for the output-based model of operational research training for public health programme staff described here. It also aims to secure sustainable funding to expand training at a global and national level. Finally, it could act as an observatory to monitor and evaluate operational research in public health. Criteria for prospective partners wishing to join SORT IT have been drawn up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramsay
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ; Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - R Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - K Bissell
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S G Hinderaker
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Edginton
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - D A Enarson
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - S Satyanarayana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; The Union South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; The Union South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - N B Hoa
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - H Tweya
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - A J Reid
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - R Van den Bergh
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - K Tayler-Smith
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - M Manzi
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - M Khogali
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - W Kizito
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - E Ali
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - P Delaunois
- Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit (LuxOR), MSF-Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - J C Reeder
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zachariah R, Kumar AMV, Reid AJ, Van den Bergh R, Isaakidis P, Draguez B, Delaunois P, Nagaraja SB, Ramsay A, Reeder JC, Denisiuk O, Ali E, Khogali M, Hinderaker SG, Kosgei RJ, van Griensven J, Quaglio GL, Maher D, Billo NE, Terry RF, Harries AD. Open access for operational research publications from low- and middle-income countries: who pays? Public Health Action 2015; 4:142-4. [PMID: 26400799 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Open-access journal publications aim to ensure that new knowledge is widely disseminated and made freely accessible in a timely manner so that it can be used to improve people's health, particularly those in low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we briefly explain the differences between closed- and open-access journals, including the evolving idea of the 'open-access spectrum'. We highlight the potential benefits of supporting open access for operational research, and discuss the conundrum and ways forward as regards who pays for open access.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operations Research Unit (LUXOR), MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - A J Reid
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operations Research Unit (LUXOR), MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Van den Bergh
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operations Research Unit (LUXOR), MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - B Draguez
- MSF, Medical Department, Brussels Operational Center, Belgium
| | - P Delaunois
- MSF, General Direction, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - S B Nagaraja
- Department of Community Medicine, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bangalore, India
| | - A Ramsay
- United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ; University of St Andrews Medical School, Scotland, UK
| | - J C Reeder
- United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Denisiuk
- International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - E Ali
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operations Research Unit (LUXOR), MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - M Khogali
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operations Research Unit (LUXOR), MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - S G Hinderaker
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R J Kosgei
- University of Nairobi, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - G L Quaglio
- Science and Technology Option Assessment (STOA), Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - N E Billo
- The Union, Centre for Operational Research, Paris, France
| | - R F Terry
- United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A D Harries
- The Union, Centre for Operational Research, Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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21
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Iribagiza MK, Manikuzwe A, Aquino T, Amoroso C, Zachariah R, van Griensven J, Schneider S, Finnegan K, Cortas C, Kamanzi E, Hamon JK, Hedt-Gauthier BL. Fostering interest in research: evaluation of an introductory research seminar at hospitals in rural Rwanda. Public Health Action 2015; 4:271-5. [PMID: 26400708 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTINGS Partners In Health Rwanda, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, leads a multipronged approach to develop research capacity among health workers, particularly in rural areas. OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics of participants and to assess the impact of an introductory research seminar series in three district hospitals in rural Rwanda. DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of seminar participants. Data were sourced from personnel records, assessment sheets and feedback forms. RESULTS A total of 126 participants, including 70 (56%) clinical and 56 (44%) non-clinical staff, attended the research seminar series; 61 (48%) received certification. Among those certified, the median assessment score on assignments was 79%. Participants read significantly more articles at 6 and 12 months (median 2 and 4 respectively, compared to 1 at baseline, P < 0.01). There was also a significant increase (P ⩽ 0.05) in self-reported involvement in research studies (28%, baseline; 59%, 12 months) and attendance at other research training (36%, baseline; 65%, 12 months). CONCLUSION The introductory research seminar series provided an important opportunity for engagement in research among clinical and non-clinical staff. Such an activity is a key component of a comprehensive research capacity building programme at rural sites, and serves as an entry point for more advanced research training.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Iribagiza
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda ; International Health Science University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Manikuzwe
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - T Aquino
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - C Amoroso
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - R Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières Luxembourg, Operational Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - S Schneider
- Médecins Sans Frontières Luxembourg, Operational Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Finnegan
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda ; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Cortas
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda ; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Kamanzi
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - J K Hamon
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - B L Hedt-Gauthier
- Partners In Health-Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ; National University of Rwanda School of Public Health, Kigali, Rwanda
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Zachariah R, van Griensven J. Crossing the divide: expanding the scope of operational research in Public Health Action. Public Health Action 2015; 2:98. [PMID: 26392961 DOI: 10.5588/pha.12.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rony Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operations Research Unit, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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23
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Kumar AMV, Satyanarayana S, Wilson N, Zachariah R, Harries AD. Operational research capacity building in Asia: innovations, successes and challenges of a training course. Public Health Action 2015; 3:186-8. [PMID: 26393025 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A structured training course on operational research (OR) based on the model created by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and Médecins Sans Frontières was conducted in the South Asian region in 2012. Many innovations were introduced into the administration, structure and content of the course. Of 12 participants, 11 successfully completed all pre-defined milestones. Several challenges were identified. The main challenges included shortage of time, especially for data analysis and interpretation, and insufficient numbers of experienced facilitators. Appropriate modifications have been made to the structure and processes of the next course scheduled for 2013. We describe these modifications and the innovations, successes and challenges of this model of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S Satyanarayana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - N Wilson
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - R Zachariah
- Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Operational Centre Brussels, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A D Harries
- The Union, Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Harries AD, Kumar AMV, Satyanarayana S, Bissell K, Hinderaker SG, Edginton M, Reid AJ, Zachariah R. References for scientific papers: why not standardise to one global style? Public Health Action 2015; 3:255-7. [PMID: 26393041 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The different reference styles demanded by journals, both for in-text citations and manuscript bibliographies, require that significant time and attention be paid to minute detail that constitute a tedious obstacle on the road to publication for all authors, but especially for those from resource-limited countries and/or writing in a second language. To illustrate this, we highlight different reference styles requested by five popular journals to which operational research papers are often submitted. We call for a simpler, standardised format for in-text and bibliography reference citations, so that researchers can concentrate on the science and its interpretation rather than fonts and punctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; The Union, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S Satyanarayana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; The Union, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - K Bissell
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S G Hinderaker
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Edginton
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - A J Reid
- Médecins Sans Frontières-Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières-Operational Centre Brussels, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit, MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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25
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Harries AD, Zachariah R. Applying DOTS principles for operational research capacity building. Public Health Action 2015; 2:101-2. [PMID: 26392964 DOI: 10.5588/pha.12.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France ; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rony Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Medical Department, Operational Research Unit, Brussels Operational Center-Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Kumar AMV, Satyanarayana S, Berger SD, Chadha SS, Singh RJ, Lal P, Tonsing J, Harries AD. Promoting operational research through fellowships: a case study from the South-East Asia Union Office. Public Health Action 2015; 5:6-16. [PMID: 26400596 PMCID: PMC4525361 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) jointly developed a new paradigm for operational research (OR) capacity building and started a new process of appointing and supporting OR fellows in the field. This case study describes 1) the appointment of two OR fellows in The Union South-East Asia Office (USEA), New Delhi, India; 2) how this led to the development of an OR unit in that organisation; 3) achievements over the 5-year period from June 2009 to June 2014; and 4) challenges and lessons learnt. In June 2009, the first OR fellow in India was appointed on a full-time basis and the second was appointed in February 2012-both had limited previous experience in OR. From 2009 to 2014, annual research output and capacity building initiatives rose exponentially, and included 1) facilitation at 61 OR training courses/modules; 2) publication of 96 papers, several of which had a lasting impact on national policy and practice; 3) providing technical assistance in promoting OR; 4) building the capacity of medical college professionals in data management; 5) support to programme staff for disseminating their research findings; 6) reviewing 28 scientific papers for national or international peer-reviewed journals; and 7) developing 45 scientific abstracts for presentation at national and international conferences. The reasons for this success are highlighted along with ongoing challenges. This experience from India provides good evidence for promoting similar models elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. V. Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Satyanarayana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | - S. S. Chadha
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - R. J. Singh
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - P. Lal
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - J. Tonsing
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - A. D. Harries
- The Union, Paris, France
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Kumar AMV, Zachariah R, Satyanarayana S, Reid AJ, Van den Bergh R, Tayler-Smith K, Khogali M, Harries AD. Operational research capacity building using 'The Union/MSF' model: adapting as we go along. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:819. [PMID: 25409542 PMCID: PMC4253003 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have conducted 23 operational research (OR) courses since 2009, based on ‘The Union/ Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)’ model, now popularly known as SORT-IT (Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative) model - wherein participants are mentored through the whole research process from protocol development (module 1) to data analysis (module 2) to publication (module 3) over a period of 9–12 months. We have faced a number of challenges including shortage of time, especially for data analysis and interpretation, and a heavy mentorship burden on limited numbers of experienced facilitators. To address these challenges, we have made several modifications to the structure of the OR course. In this article, we describe the revised structure and our experience (successes and challenges) of implementing it in Asia in 2013. Findings The key changes introduced included extending the duration of the course modules (by a day each in module 1 and 2 and by three days in module 3), increasing the numbers of facilitators and standardizing milestones related to data entry and analysis. We successfully implemented this revised structure in the second Asian OR Course held in Nepal in 2013. Eleven of twelve participants successfully completed all the milestones and submitted 13 scientific manuscripts (two participants completed two projects) to international peer-reviewed journals. Though, this posed two challenges – increased costs and increased time away for faculty and participants. Conclusions The revised structure of ‘The Union/MSF’ model of OR capacity building addressed previous issues of insufficient time and overburdened mentors and we intend to continue with this model for future courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Mahendradhata Y, Probandari A, Widjanarko B, Riono P, Mustikawati D, Tiemersma EW, Alisjahbana B. Embedding operational research into national disease control programme: lessons from 10 years of experience in Indonesia. Glob Health Action 2014; 7:25412. [PMID: 25361728 PMCID: PMC4212073 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.25412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition that operational research (OR) should be embedded into national disease control programmes. However, much of the current OR capacity building schemes are still predominantly driven by international agencies with limited integration into national disease control programmes. We demonstrated that it is possible to achieve a more sustainable capacity building effort across the country by establishing an OR group within the national tuberculosis (TB) control programme in Indonesia. Key challenges identified include long-term financial support, limited number of scientific publications, and difficulties in documenting impact on programmatic performance. External evaluation has expressed concerns in regard to utilisation of OR in policy making. Efforts to address this concern have been introduced recently and led to indications of increased utilisation of research evidence in policy making by the national TB control programme. Embedding OR in national disease control programmes is key in establishing an evidence-based disease control programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodi Mahendradhata
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Ari Probandari
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta City, Indonesia
| | - Bagoes Widjanarko
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Pandu Riono
- Department of Biostatistics and Population, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Mustikawati
- National Tuberculosis Control Program, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia; TB-HIV Research Center, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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Zachariah R, Guillerm N, Berger S, Kumar AMV, Satyanarayana S, Bissell K, Edginton M, Hinderaker SG, Tayler-Smith K, Van den Bergh R, Khogali M, Manzi M, Reid AJ, Ramsay A, Reeder JC, Harries AD. Research to policy and practice change: is capacity building in operational research delivering the goods? Trop Med Int Health 2014; 19:1068-75. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rony Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières; Medical Department; Brussels Operational Centre; MSF-Luxembourg; Luxembourg France
| | - Nathalie Guillerm
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; Paris France
| | - Selma Berger
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; Paris France
| | - Ajay M. V. Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; South-East Asia Regional Office; New Delhi India
| | - Srinath Satyanarayana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; South-East Asia Regional Office; New Delhi India
| | - Karen Bissell
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; Paris France
- School of Population Health; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Mary Edginton
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; Paris France
- School of Public Health; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | - Katie Tayler-Smith
- Médecins Sans Frontières; Medical Department; Brussels Operational Centre; MSF-Luxembourg; Luxembourg France
| | - Rafael Van den Bergh
- Médecins Sans Frontières; Medical Department; Brussels Operational Centre; MSF-Luxembourg; Luxembourg France
| | - Mohammed Khogali
- Médecins Sans Frontières; Medical Department; Brussels Operational Centre; MSF-Luxembourg; Luxembourg France
| | - Marcel Manzi
- Médecins Sans Frontières; Medical Department; Brussels Operational Centre; MSF-Luxembourg; Luxembourg France
| | - Anthony J. Reid
- Médecins Sans Frontières; Medical Department; Brussels Operational Centre; MSF-Luxembourg; Luxembourg France
| | - Andrew Ramsay
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases; World Health Organization; Geneva Switzerland
- Bute Medical School; University of St Andrews; Fife UK
| | - John C. Reeder
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases; World Health Organization; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; Paris France
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; London UK
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30
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Quaglio G, Ramsay A, Harries AD, Karapiperis T, Putoto G, Dye C, Olesen OF, Tomson G, Zachariah R. Calling on Europe to support operational research in low-income and middle-income countries. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2014; 2:e308-10. [PMID: 25103290 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(14)70218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GianLuca Quaglio
- Science and Technology Option Assessment (STOA), Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Andy Ramsay
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO/TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Anthony D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Centre for Operational Research, Paris, France; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Theodoros Karapiperis
- Science and Technology Option Assessment (STOA), Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Chris Dye
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ole F Olesen
- European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Göran Tomson
- Departments of Learning, Informatics, Management, Ethics and Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Rony Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, Belgium; Medical Department, Operations Research Unit (LUXOR), Médecins Sans Frontières, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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