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Gamal H, Ismail KA, Omar AMME, Teleb M, Abu-Serie MM, Huang S, Abdelsattar AS, Zamponi GW, Fahmy H. Non-small cell lung cancer sensitisation to platinum chemotherapy via new thiazole-triazole hybrids acting as dual T-type CCB/MMP-9 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2388209. [PMID: 39140776 PMCID: PMC11328607 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2388209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin remains the unchallenged standard therapy for NSCLC. However, it is not completely curative due to drug resistance and oxidative stress-induced toxicity. Drug resistance is linked to overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aberrant calcium signalling. We report synthesis of novel thiazole-triazole hybrids as MMP-9 inhibitors with T-type calcium channel blocking and antioxidant effects to sensitise NSCLC to cisplatin and ameliorate its toxicity. MTT and whole cell patch clamp assays revealed that 6d has a balanced profile of cytotoxicity (IC50 = 21 ± 1 nM, SI = 12.14) and T-type calcium channel blocking activity (⁓60% at 10 μM). It exhibited moderate ROS scavenging activity and nanomolar MMP-9 inhibition (IC50 = 90 ± 7 nM) surpassing NNGH with MMP-9 over -2 and MMP-10 over -13 selectivity. Docking and MDs simulated its receptor binding mode. Combination studies confirmed that 6d synergized with cisplatin (CI = 0.69 ± 0.05) lowering its IC50 by 6.89 folds. Overall, the study introduces potential lead adjuvants for NSCLC platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khadiga A Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University (AIU), Alamein City, Egypt
| | - A-Mohsen M E Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Egypt
| | - Sun Huang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Abdalla S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Sciences and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hesham Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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2
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Fernandez Cabada T, Ruben M, El Merhie A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Alabastri A, Petrini EM, Barberis A, Salerno M, Crepaldi M, Davis A, Ceseracciu L, Catelani T, Athanassiou A, Pellegrino T, Cingolani R, Papadopoulou EL. Electrostatic polarization fields trigger glioblastoma stem cell differentiation. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 8:95-107. [PMID: 36426604 PMCID: PMC9765404 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years it has been understood that the interface between living cells and the underlying materials can be a powerful tool to manipulate cell functions. In this study, we explore the hypothesis that the electrical cell/material interface can regulate the differentiation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Electrospun polymer fibres, either polyamide 66 or poly(lactic acid), with embedded graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs), have been fabricated as CSC scaffolds, providing both the 3D microenvironment and a suitable electrical environment favorable for CSCs adhesion, growth and differentiation. We have investigated the impact of these scaffolds on the morphological, immunostaining and electrophysiological properties of CSCs extracted from human glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumor cell line. Our data provide evidence in favor of the ability of GnP-incorporating scaffolds to promote CSC differentiation to the glial phenotype. Numerical simulations support the hypothesis that the electrical interface promotes the hyperpolarization of the cell membrane potential, thus triggering the CSC differentiation. We propose that the electrical cell/material interface can regulate endogenous bioelectrical cues, through the membrane potential manipulation, resulting in the differentiation of CSCs. Material-induced differentiation of stem cells and particularly of CSCs, can open new horizons in tissue engineering and new approaches to cancer treatment, especially GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Ruben
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Amira El Merhie
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | - Andrea Barberis
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Marco Salerno
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Marco Crepaldi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Alexander Davis
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Luca Ceseracciu
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cingolani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Kouba S, Hague F, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Crosstalk between Ca2+ Signaling and Cancer Stemness: The Link to Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810687. [PMID: 36142596 PMCID: PMC9503744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fight against cancer, therapeutic strategies using cisplatin are severely limited by the appearance of a resistant phenotype. While cisplatin is usually efficient at the beginning of the treatment, several patients endure resistance to this agent and face relapse. One of the reasons for this resistant phenotype is the emergence of a cell subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Due to their quiescent phenotype and self-renewal abilities, these cells have recently been recognized as a crucial field of investigation in cancer and treatment resistance. Changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) through Ca2+ channel activity are essential for many cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival in various cell types. It is now proved that altered Ca2+ signaling is a hallmark of cancer, and several Ca2+ channels have been linked to CSC functions and therapy resistance. Moreover, cisplatin was shown to interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis; thus, it is considered likely that cisplatin-induced aberrant Ca2+ signaling is linked to CSCs biology and, therefore, therapy failure. The molecular signature defining the resistant phenotype varies between tumors, and the number of resistance mechanisms activated in response to a range of pressures dictates the global degree of cisplatin resistance. However, if we can understand the molecular mechanisms linking Ca2+ to cisplatin-induced resistance and CSC behaviors, alternative and novel therapeutic strategies could be considered. In this review, we examine how cisplatin interferes with Ca2+ homeostasis in tumor cells. We also summarize how cisplatin induces CSC markers in cancer. Finally, we highlight the role of Ca2+ in cancer stemness and focus on how they are involved in cisplatin-induced resistance through the increase of cancer stem cell populations and via specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Hague
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir 81016, Morocco
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Correspondence:
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Lu S, Zhang J, Lin S, Zheng D, Shen Y, Qin J, Li Y, Wang S. Recent advances in the development of in vitro liver models for hepatotoxicity testing. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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González‐Muñoz M, Monserrat Villatoro J, Marín‐Serrano E, Stewart S, Bardón Rivera B, Marín J, Martínez de Soto L, Seco Meseguer E, Ramírez E. A case report of a drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by multiple antidepressants with causality established by the updated Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method (RUCAM) and in vitro testing. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:3105-3109. [PMID: 33363890 PMCID: PMC7752543 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old female patient was hospitalized because of a lack of response and poor tolerance to multiple antidepressants, which included an episode of DILI. During hospitalization, the patient suffered another episode of DILI. Causality was assessed both by RUCAM and Lymphocyte Transformation Test, allowing to identify a safer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel González‐Muñoz
- Immunology DepartmentLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University HospitalIdiPazMadridEspaña
| | - Jaime Monserrat Villatoro
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentFacultad de MedicinaLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University HospitalIdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridEspaña
| | - Eva Marín‐Serrano
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology DepartmentLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University HospitalIdiPazMadridEspaña
| | - Stefan Stewart
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentFacultad de MedicinaLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University HospitalIdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridEspaña
| | - Belén Bardón Rivera
- Psiquiatry DepartmentLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University Hospital, IdiPazMadridEspaña
| | - Jesús Marín
- Psiquiatry DepartmentLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University Hospital, IdiPazMadridEspaña
| | - Lucía Martínez de Soto
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentFacultad de MedicinaLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University HospitalIdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridEspaña
| | - Enrique Seco Meseguer
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentFacultad de MedicinaLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University HospitalIdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridEspaña
| | - Elena Ramírez
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentFacultad de MedicinaLa Paz‐Cantoblanco‐Carlos III University HospitalIdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridEspaña
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6
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Ali ES, Rychkov GY, Barritt GJ. Targeting Ca 2+ Signaling in the Initiation, Promotion and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102755. [PMID: 32987945 PMCID: PMC7600741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) is a significant health burden worldwide. It is often not detected until at an advanced stage when there are few treatment options available. Changes in calcium concentrations within liver cancer cells are essential for regulating their growth, death, and migration (metastasis). Our aim was to review published papers which have identified proteins involved in calcium signaling as potential drug targets for the treatment of liver cancer. About twenty calcium signaling proteins were identified, including those involved in regulating calcium concentrations in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. A few of these have turned out to be sites of action of natural products previously known to inhibit liver cancer. More systematic studies are now needed to determine which calcium signaling proteins might be used clinically for treatment of liver cancer, especially advanced stage cancers and those resistant to inhibition by current drugs. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a considerable health burden worldwide and a major contributor to cancer-related deaths. HCC is often not noticed until at an advanced stage where treatment options are limited and current systemic drugs can usually only prolong survival for a short time. Understanding the biology and pathology of HCC is a challenge, due to the cellular and anatomic complexities of the liver. While not yet fully understood, liver cancer stem cells play a central role in the initiation and progression of HCC and in resistance to drugs. There are approximately twenty Ca2+-signaling proteins identified as potential targets for therapeutic treatment at different stages of HCC. These potential targets include inhibition of the self-renewal properties of liver cancer stem cells; HCC initiation and promotion by hepatitis B and C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (principally involving reduction of reactive oxygen species); and cell proliferation, tumor growth, migration and metastasis. A few of these Ca2+-signaling pathways have been identified as targets for natural products previously known to reduce HCC. Promising Ca2+-signaling targets include voltage-operated Ca2+ channel proteins (liver cancer stem cells), inositol trisphosphate receptors, store-operated Ca2+ entry, TRP channels, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (Ca2++Mg2+) ATP-ase and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. However, none of these Ca2+-signaling targets has been seriously studied any further than laboratory research experiments. The future application of more systematic studies, including genomics, gene expression (RNA-seq), and improved knowledge of the fundamental biology and pathology of HCC will likely reveal new Ca2+-signaling protein targets and consolidate priorities for those already identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S. Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia;
| | - Grigori Y. Rychkov
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia;
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia
| | - Greg J. Barritt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-438-204-426
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7
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Nishino M, Matsuzaki I, Musangile FY, Takahashi Y, Iwahashi Y, Warigaya K, Kinoshita Y, Kojima F, Murata SI. Measurement and visualization of cell membrane surface charge in fixed cultured cells related with cell morphology. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236373. [PMID: 32702063 PMCID: PMC7377470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of patients with malignancies relies on the results of a clinical cytological examination. To enhance the diagnostic qualities of cytological examinations, it is important to have a detailed analysis of the cell’s characteristics. There is, therefore, a need for developing a new auxiliary method for cytological diagnosis. In this study, we focused on studying the charge of the cell membrane surface of fixed cells, which is one of important cell’s characteristics. Although fixed cells lose membrane potential which is observed in living cells owing to ion dynamics, we hypothesized that fixed cells still have a cell membrane surface charge due to cell membrane components and structure. We used 5 cell lines in this study (ARO, C32TG, RT4, TK, UM-UC-14). After fixation with CytoRich Red, we measured the cell membrane surface charge of fixed cells in solution using zeta potential measurements and fixed cells on glass slides, visualizing it using antibody-labeled beads and positively-charged beads. Furthermore, we measured the cell membrane surface charge of fixed cells under different conditions, such as different solution of fixative, ion concentration, pH, and pepsin treatments. The zeta potential measurements and visualization using the beads indicated that the cell membrane surface of fixed cells was negatively charged, and also that the charge varied among fixed cells. The charge state was affected by the different treatments. Moreover, the number of cell-bound beads was small in interphase, anaphase, and apoptotic cells. We concluded that the negative cell membrane surface charge was influenced by the three-dimensional structure of proteins as well as the different types of amino acids and lipids on the cell membrane. Thus, cell surface charge visualization can be applied as a new auxiliary method for clinical cytological diagnosis. This is the first systematic report of the cell membrane surface charge of fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nishino
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ibu Matsuzaki
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwahashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Warigaya
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Kojima
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Murata
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Real M, Barnhill MS, Higley C, Rosenberg J, Lewis JH. Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Highlights of the Recent Literature. Drug Saf 2020; 42:365-387. [PMID: 30343418 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), herbal-induced liver injury, and herbal and dietary supplement (HDS)-induced liver injury are an important aspect of drug safety. Knowledge regarding responsible drugs, mechanisms, risk factors, and the diagnostic tools to detect liver injury have continued to grow in the past year. This review highlights what we considered the most significant publications from among more than 1800 articles relating to liver injury from medications, herbal products, and dietary supplements in 2017 and 2018. The US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) prospective study highlighted several areas of ongoing study, including the potential utility of human leukocyte antigens and microRNAs as DILI risk factors and new data on racial differences, the role of alcohol consumption, factors associated with prognosis, and updates on the clinical signatures of autoimmune DILI, thiopurines, and HDS agents. Novel data were also generated from the Spanish and Latin American DILI registries as well as from Chinese and Korean case series. A few new agents causing DILI were added to the growing list in the past 2 years, including sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, as were new aspects of chemotherapy-associated liver injury. A number of cases reported previously described hepatotoxins confirmed via the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM; e.g., norethisterone, methylprednisolone, glatiramer acetate) and/or the DILIN method (e.g., celecoxib, dimethyl fumarate). Additionally, much work centered on elucidating the pathophysiology of DILI, including the importance of bile salt export pumps and immune-mediated mechanisms. Finally, it must be noted that, while hundreds of new studies described DILI in 2017-2018, the quality of such reports must always be addressed. Björnsson reminds us to remain very critical of the data when addressing the future utility of a study, which is why it is so important to adhere to a standardized method such as RUCAM when determining DILI causality. While drug-induced hepatotoxicity remains a diagnosis of exclusion, the diverse array of publications that appeared in 2017 and 2018 provided important advances in our understanding of DILI, paving the way for our improved ability to make a more definitive diagnosis and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Real
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michele S Barnhill
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cory Higley
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jessica Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James H Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
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9
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Teschke R. Idiosyncratic DILI: Analysis of 46,266 Cases Assessed for Causality by RUCAM and Published From 2014 to Early 2019. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:730. [PMID: 31396080 PMCID: PMC6664244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most difficult challenges in clinical hepatology is the diagnosis of a drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The timing of the events, exclusion of alternative causes, and taking into account the clinical context should be systematically assessed and scored in a transparent manner. RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method) is a well-established diagnostic algorithm and scale to assess causality in patients with suspected DILI. First published in 1993 and updated in 2016, RUCAM is now the worldwide most commonly used causality assessment method (CAM) for DILI. The following manuscript highlights the recent implementation of RUCAM around the world, by reviewing the literature for publications that utilized RUCAM, and provides a review of “best practices” for the use of RUCAM in cases of suspected DILI. The worldwide appreciation of RUCAM is substantiated by the current analysis of 46,266 DILI cases, all tested for causality using RUCAM. These cases derived from 31 reports published from 2014 to early 2019. Their first authors came from 10 countries, with China on top, followed by the US, and Germany on the third rank. Importantly, all RUCAM-based DILI reports were published in high profile journals. Many other reports were published earlier from 1993 up to 2013 in support of RUCAM. Although most of the studies were of high quality, the current case analysis revealed shortcomings in few studies, not at the level of RUCAM itself but rather associated with the work of the users. To ensure in future DILI cases a better performance by the users, a list of essential elements is proposed. As an example, all suspected DILI cases should be evaluated 1) by the updated RUCAM to facilitate result comparisons, 2) according to a prospective study protocol to ensure complete data sets, 3) after exclusion of cases with herb induced liver injury (HILI) from a DILI cohort to prevent confounding variables, and 4) according to inclusion of DILI cases with RUCAM-based causality gradings of highly probable or probable, in order to increase the specificity of the results. In conclusion, RUCAM benefits from its high appreciation and performs well provided the users adhere to published recommendations to prevent confounding variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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O'Reilly D, Buchanan P. Calcium channels and cancer stem cells. Cell Calcium 2019; 81:21-28. [PMID: 31163289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC's) have emerged as a key area of investigation due to associations with cancer development and treatment resistance, related to their ability to remain quiescent, self-renew and terminally differentiate. Targeting CSC's in addition to the tumour bulk could ensure complete removal of the cancer, lessening the risk of relapse and improving patient survival. Understanding the mechanisms supporting the functions of CSC's is essential to highlight targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. Changes in intracellular calcium through calcium channel activity is fundamental for integral cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival in a range of cell types, under both normal and pathological conditions. Here in we highlight how calcium channels represent a key mechanism involved in CSC function. It is clear that expression and or function of a number of channels involved in calcium entry and intracellular store release are altered in CSC's. Correlating with aberrant proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation, which in turn promoted cancer progression and treatment resistance. Research outlined has demonstrated that targeting altered calcium channels in CSC populations can reduce their stem properties and induce terminal differentiation, sensitising them to existing cancer treatments. Overall this highlights calcium channels as emerging novel targets for CSC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie O'Reilly
- National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Human science, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Buchanan
- National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Human science, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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11
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Role of the calcium toolkit in cancer stem cells. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:141-151. [PMID: 31103948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of tumor cells that proliferate, self-renew and produce more differentiated tumoral cells building-up the tumor. Responsible for the sustained growth of malignant tumors, cancer stem cells are proposed to play significant roles in cancer resistance to standard treatment and in tumor recurrence. Among the mechanisms dysregulated in neoplasms, those related to Ca2+ play significant roles in various aspects of cancers. Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger whose fluctuations of its intracellular concentrations are tightly controlled by channels, pumps, exchangers and Ca2+ binding proteins. These components support the genesis of Ca2+ signals with specific spatio-temporal characteristics that define the cell response. Being involved in the coupling of extracellular events with intracellular responses, the Ca2+ toolkit is often hijacked by cancer cells to promote notably their proliferation and invasion. Growing evidence obtained during the last decade pointed to a role of Ca2+ handling and mishandling in cancer stem cells. In this review, after a general overview of the concept of cancer stem cells we analyse and discuss the studies and current knowledge regarding the complex roles of Ca2+ toolkit and signaling in these cells. We highlight that numbers of Ca2+ signaling actors promote cancer stem cell state and are associated with cell resistance to current cancer treatments and thus may represent promising targets for potential clinical applications.
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12
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Danan G, Teschke R. Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Why is the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) Still Used 25 Years After Its Launch? Drug Saf 2018; 41:735-743. [PMID: 29502198 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Launched in 1993 and partially based on the results of an international consensus meeting organized under the auspices of the Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) is the most used causality assessment tool worldwide for the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and herb-induced liver injury (HILI) in a large number of epidemiological studies, case reports, and case series. The 25-year experience of RUCAM use confirmed that the success was due to its objective, standardized, and liver-injury-specific approach structured with defined key elements derived from a series of DILI cases with positive rechallenge. Using this series, the validation procedure avoided arbitrary definitions and confirmed scores to key items. The algorithm provides a quantitative causality grading of highly probable, probable, possible, unlikely, or excluded relationship between the liver injury and the suspected product(s). Despite challenges, prospective use of RUCAM fosters case data completeness and transparent causality adjudication in real time, as opposed to subjective opinion resulting from several rounds by experts lacking defined key elements and scores. In 2016, RUCAM was updated with specification of alcohol use and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) biomarkers and simplified item handling to further reduce inter-observer variability. RUCAM-based probable and highly probable DILI and HILI cases are essential for the detection of new hepatotoxins, confirmation of new biomarkers, description of clinical features and risk factors, and determination of incidence in pharmacoepidemiological studies. This article is intended to encourage systematic use of sophisticated causality assessment methods such as RUCAM to improve DILI and HILI case evaluation and to increase confidence in published cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby Danan
- Pharmacovigilance Consultancy, 18, rue des ormeaux, 75020, Paris, France.
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany
- Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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