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İpekoğlu G, Apaydın N, Çetin T, Eren AN, Topçu P, Yücelsoy B, Civelek G, Sakar M. Examining the relationship between genetic polymorphisms (BDKRB2, GNB3, HIF1A, MCT1, NOS3) and endurance athlete status. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1943-1958. [PMID: 38753016 PMCID: PMC11199302 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic factors are important in terms of athletic performance. Recent studies to determine the relationship between the genes that lead to physiological responses have attracted attention. In this respect, this meta-analysis study was designed to examine the relationship between genetic polymorphism (BDKRB2 rs5810761, GNB3 rs5443, HIF1A rs11549565, MCT1 rs1049434, NOS3 rs2070744) and endurance athlete's status. METHODS The search included studies published from 2009 to 2022. To determine the relevant studies, Pubmed, Web of Science databases were systematically scanned. Only case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. To determine the relevant studies, Pubmed, Web of Science databases were systematically scanned, and a total of 31 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Relevant data from the included studies were collected and analyzed using a random effects or fixed effects model. The effect size was calculated as the odds ratio or a risk ratio the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS According to the results of the analysis, BDKRB2 rs5810761 + 9 allele, and NOS3 rs2070744 T allele were significantly more prevalent in endurance athletes (p < 0.05). Genotype distributions of BDKRB2 rs5810761, MCT1 rs1049434, and NOS3 rs2070744 showed significant differences in the dominant model (p < 0.05). However, no significant association was found between endurance athlete status and GNB3 rs5443 and HIF1A rs11549465 polymorphisms. CONCLUSION These results show that some gene polymorphisms play an important role in endurance athlete status and suggest that having a specific genetic basis may also confer a physiological advantage for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuğba Çetin
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | | | - Pelinsu Topçu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mert Sakar
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Espinosa-Salinas I, de la Iglesia R, Colmenarejo G, Molina S, Reglero G, Martinez JA, Loria-Kohen V, Ramirez de Molina A. GCKR rs780094 Polymorphism as A Genetic Variant Involved in Physical Exercise. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E570. [PMID: 31357711 PMCID: PMC6722860 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise performance is influenced by genetics. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the role played by genetic variability in the frequency of physical exercise practice. The objective was to identify genetic variants that modulate the commitment of people to perform physical exercise and to detect those subjects with a lower frequency practice. A total of 451 subjects were genotyped for 64 genetic variants related to inflammation, circadian rhythms, vascular function as well as energy, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Physical exercise frequency question and a Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (MLTPAQ) were used to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the average amount of physical exercise. Dietary intake and energy expenditure due to physical activity were also studied. Differences between genotypes were analyzed using linear and logistic models adjusted for Bonferroni. A significant association between GCKR rs780094 and the times the individuals performed physical exercise was observed (p = 0.004). The carriers of the minor allele showed a greater frequency of physical exercise in comparison to the major homozygous genotype carriers (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.36-2.56). The analysis of the GCKR rs780094 variant suggests a possible association with the subjects that present lower frequency of physical exercise. Nevertheless, future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocio de la Iglesia
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, IMDEA Food CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA Food CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Molina
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, IMDEA Food CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, IMDEA Food CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, IMDEA Food CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, IMDEA Food CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Nine genetic polymorphisms associated with power athlete status - A Meta-Analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:213-220. [PMID: 28666769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study the association between genetic polymorphisms and power athlete status with possible interference by race and sex was investigated to identify genetic variants favourable for becoming a power athlete. DESIGN This meta-analysis included both, case-control and Cohort studies. METHODS Databases of PubMed and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting on genetic polymorphisms associated with the status of being a power athlete. Thirty-five articles published between 2008 and 2016 were identified as eligible including a total number of 5834 power athletes and 14,018 controls. A series of meta-analyses were conducted for each of the identified genetic polymorphisms associated with power athlete status. Odds ratios (ORs) based on the allele and genotype frequency with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated per genetic variant. Heterogeneity of the studies was addressed by Chi-square based Q-statistics at 5% significance level and a fixed or random effects model was used in absence or presence of heterogeneity respectively. Stratified analyses were conducted by race and sex to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Significant associations were found for the genetic polymorphisms in the ACE (rs4363, rs1799752), ACTN3 (rs1815739), AGT (rs699), IL6-174 (rs1800795), MnSOD (rs1799725), NOS3 (rs1799983, rs2070744) and SOD2 (rs4880) genes. CONCLUSIONS Nine genetic polymorphisms have been identified in the meta-analyses to have a significant association with the status of being a power athlete. Nevertheless, more research on the investigated genes needs to be done to draw comprehensive conclusions.
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Gineviciene V, Jakaitiene A, Aksenov MO, Aksenova AV, Druzhevskaya AM, Astratenkova IV, Egorova ES, Gabdrakhmanova LJ, Tubelis L, Kucinskas V, Utkus A. Association analysis of ACE, ACTN3 and PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms in two cohorts of European strength and power athletes. Biol Sport 2016; 33:199-206. [PMID: 27601773 PMCID: PMC4993134 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1201051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of professional strength and power athletes is influenced, at least partly, by genetic components. The main aim of this study was to investigate individually and in combination the association of ACE (I/D), ACTN3 (R577X) and PPARGC1A (Gly482Ser) gene polymorphisms with strength/power-oriented athletes' status in two cohorts of European athletes. A cohort of European Caucasians from Russia and Lithuania (161 athletes: by groups - weightlifters (87), powerlifters (60), throwers (14); by elite status - 'elite' (104), 'sub-elite' (57); and 1,202 controls) were genotyped for ACE, ACTN3 and PPARGC1A polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and/or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Statistically significant differences in ACTN3 (R577X) allele/genotype distribution were not observed in the whole cohort of athletes or between analysed groups separately when compared with controls. The odds ratio for athletes compared to controls of the ACE I/I genotype was 1.71 (95% CI 1.01-2.92) in the Russian cohort and for the ACE I/D genotype it was 2.35 (95% CI 1.10-5.06) in the Lithuanian cohort. The odds ratio of being a powerlifter in PPARGC1A Ser/Ser genotype carriers was 2.11 (95% CI: 1.09-4.09, P = 0.026). The ACTN3 (R577X) polymorphism is not associated with strength/power athletic status in two cohorts of European athletes. The ACE I/I genotype is probably the 'preferable genotype' for Russian athletes and the ACE I/D genotype for Lithuanian strength/power athletes. We found that the PPARGC1A (Gly482Ser) polymorphism is associated with strength/power athlete status. Specifically, the PPARGC1A Ser/Ser genotype is more favourable for powerlifters compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gineviciene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | - A Jakaitiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | - M O Aksenov
- Department of Theory of Physical Culture, Buryat State University, Russia
| | - A V Aksenova
- Department of Theory of Physical Culture, Buryat State University, Russia
| | - A M Druzhevskaya
- St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Astratenkova
- St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - E S Egorova
- Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia
| | - L J Gabdrakhmanova
- Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia
| | - L Tubelis
- Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Lithuania
| | - V Kucinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | - A Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
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Grenda A, Sawczuk M, Kaczmarczyk M, Maciejewska A, Umiastowska D, Łubkowska W, Żmijewski P, Cięszczyk P. Does the GNB3 C825T Polymorphism Influence Swimming Performance in Competitive Swimmers? J Hum Kinet 2015; 47:99-106. [PMID: 26557194 PMCID: PMC4633272 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism C825T located within the GNB3 gene has been proposed in the literature as the performance enhancing polymorphism in highly trained athletes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis assuming an association between the C825T polymorphic site and performance of competitive swimmers. The frequencies of C/T alleles and distribution of CC, CT and TT genotypes of the C825T GNB3 polymorphism were compared between athletes and nonathletic controls as well as between sprint and endurance swimmers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 197 competitive swimmers (50 long distance swimmers (LDS) and 147 short distance swimmers (SDS)) and 379 sedentary volunteers. The allele frequencies and genotype distribution of the C825T polymorphic site were not significantly different when LDS and SDS were compared to sedentary controls. Gender-specific analysis did not reveal any significant differences in allele and genotype distribution, neither between female controls and female swimmers nor between male controls and male swimmers. No significant differences in allele frequencies and genotype distribution were observed when LDS and SDS as well as groups of swimmers stratified by gender were compared. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene is associated with swimming performance in competitive swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Grenda
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, West Pomeranian Technological University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Szczecin, Poland. ; Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Sport Education, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Maciejewska
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Umiastowska
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wioletta Łubkowska
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland. ; Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Sport Education, Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of athletic performance is an important step in the development of methods for talent identification in sport. Research concerned with molecular predictors has highlighted a number of potentially important DNA polymorphisms contributing to predisposition to success in certain types of sport. This review summarizes the evidence and mechanistic insights on the associations between DNA polymorphisms and athletic performance. A literature search (period: 1997-2014) revealed that at least 120 genetic markers are linked to elite athlete status (77 endurance-related genetic markers and 43 power/strength-related genetic markers). Notably, 11 (9%) of these genetic markers (endurance markers: ACE I, ACTN3 577X, PPARA rs4253778 G, PPARGC1A Gly482; power/strength markers: ACE D, ACTN3 Arg577, AMPD1 Gln12, HIF1A 582Ser, MTHFR rs1801131 C, NOS3 rs2070744 T, PPARG 12Ala) have shown positive associations with athlete status in three or more studies, and six markers (CREM rs1531550 A, DMD rs939787 T, GALNT13 rs10196189 G, NFIA-AS1 rs1572312 C, RBFOX1 rs7191721 G, TSHR rs7144481 C) were identified after performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of African-American, Jamaican, Japanese, and Russian athletes. On the other hand, the significance of 29 (24%) markers was not replicated in at least one study. Future research including multicenter GWAS, whole-genome sequencing, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling and performing meta-analyses in large cohorts of athletes is needed before these findings can be extended to practice in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildus I Ahmetov
- Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Olga N Fedotovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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