Translation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire

Translation and validation of the Urdu version of the neck pain and disability scale

PURPOSE

To translate and cross-culturally adapt the neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) into Urdu language (NPDS-U), and to investigate the NPDS-U's psychometric properties in patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP).

METHODS

The NPDS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Urdu in accordance with the previously described guidelines. The study included 200 NSNP patients and 50 healthy participants. The NPDS-U, Urdu version of neck disability index (NDI-U), neck Bournemouth questionnaire (NBQ), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were completed by all participants. After three weeks of physiotherapy, the patients completed all of the above-mentioned questionnaires, along with the global rating of change scale. Reliability, factor analysis, validity, and responsiveness were all tested.

RESULTS

The NPDS-U demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC2,1=0.92) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96). There were no floor or ceiling effects. A three-factor structure was extracted, which explained 70.42% of the total variance. The NPDS-U showed moderate to strong correlations with NPRS, NDI-U, and NBQ (r = 0.67-0.76, p < 0.001). A significant difference in the NPDS-U change scores between the stable and the improved groups (p < 0.001) confirmed its responsiveness.

CONCLUSION

The NPDS-U is a reliable, valid, and responsive scale for assessing neck pain and disability in Urdu-speaking patients with NSNP.

Spanish Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ) for Neck Pain Patients

BACKGROUND

Neck pain is highly prevalent and one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions. Instruments that measure the factors involved in neck pain accurately are needed for clinical assessment. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are reliable, cost-effective, and specific tools for the assessment of musculoskeletal problems at different moments. The Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ) assesses pain, function, disability, and psychological and social variables in patients with cervical pathologies. The aim of this study was to perform an adaptation and validation into Spanish of the NBQ (NBQ-Sp).

METHODS

A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out through translation, adaptation, and validation. A total of 129 patients with neck pain, of Spanish nationality, and over 18 years of age were included.

RESULTS

The NBQ-Sp showed excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's α of 0.897, test-retest reliability with interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.866, and standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) values were 1.302 and 3.038, respectively. A Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.857 was obtained, and Bartlett's test yielded p < 0.001, finding one factor in the factor analysis.

CONCLUSION

The NBQ-Sp has proven to be a valid and reliable tool for clinicians and researchers to measure neck pain in the Spanish population.

Responsiveness and minimal clinically important changes to physical therapy interventions of Persian versions of copenhagen neck functional disability index, neck bournemouth questionnaire and spine functional index questionnaires in people with chronic neck pain

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Chronic neck pain has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Specific outcome measures like Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Index (CNFDI), Neck Bournemouth questionnaire (NBQ), and Spine Functional Index (SFI) are reliable and valid measures that have been used for comprehensively evaluating neck-related disabilities. However, responsiveness has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the responsiveness and clinically meaningful changes of the CNFDI, NBQ, and SFI for Persian patients with chronic neck pain.

METHODS

Prospective recruitment of 145 patients with chronic neck pain was conducted. Participants completed the Persian versions of CNFDI, NBQ, and SFI at baseline and after 4 weeks of physical therapy. Also, the Global Rating of Change Scale (GRCS) was completed in the post-intervention assessment. The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and correlational analysis were used for evaluating the responsiveness. In addition, the Minimal Clinically Important Change (MCIC) was determined.

RESULTS

All selected outcome measures revealed an area under the curve of 0.96. The MCICs of 10, 7, and 10 points were found for the CNFDI, NBQ, and SFI, respectively. The results showed an excellent Gamma correlation coefficient of the CNFDI (_γ = 0.98), NBQ (_γ = 0.99), and SFI (_γ = 0.99) with the GRCS.

CONCLUSION

The Persian versions of the CNFDI, NBQ, and SFI have acceptable responsiveness properties for evaluating the changes in health status in patients with chronic neck pain following physical therapy interventions.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire into Urdu language

BACKGROUND

The Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ) has been translated and validated in a number of languages and has good psychometric properties for assessing neck pain. However, an Urdu translation is currently unavailable.

PURPOSE

To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the NBQ into Urdu language (NBQ-U) in patients with nonspecific neck pain (NSNP).

METHODS

The NBQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Urdu using previously described guidelines. The study included 150 Urdu-speaking patients with NSNP and 50 healthy participants. All participants completed the NBQ-U, Urdu version of neck disability index (NDI-U), neck pain and disability scale (NPDS), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). After three weeks of physical therapy treatment, the patients completed all of the above-mentioned questionnaires, along with the global rating of change scale. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness were all tested.

RESULTS

The NBQ-U demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.92) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). The NBQ-U showed moderate to strong correlations with NDI-U, NPDS, and NPRS (r = 0.67-0.73, P < .001). The results revealed a significant difference between patients and healthy controls in the NBQ-U total scores (P < .001). The NBQ-U has a single factor structure with no floor or ceiling effects for individual item scores or total scores. A significant difference in the NBQ-U change scores between the stable and the improved groups (P < .001) confirmed its responsiveness. Furthermore, the NBQ-U change score showed moderate correlations with NDI-U, NPDS, and NPRS change scores (r = 0.52-0.62, P < .001).

CONCLUSION

In Urdu-speaking patients with NSNP, the NBQ-U demonstrated good reliability, validity, and responsiveness.

Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire: Persian Version

Introduction: The Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ) is being used widely in various countries. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of NBQ.

Methods: This methodological study investigated 170 patients with chronic neck pain (NP). The psychometric properties of NBQ were evaluated in two stages. First, the standard scale was translated based on Guillemin’s guidelines for cross-cultural adaption and face validity tested in a pilot group (N=25). Second, it was conducted on a sample of 170 diverse chronic pain patients. Construct validity was determined with convergent validity by short-form McGill pain questionnaire. Then, the reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results: The instrument demonstrated a good face validity and the participants made minor changes. A slight change was applied on content validity. In construct validity, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.85, which was statistically significant and showed strong correlation. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 was obtained. This confirmed the remarkable internal consistency and stability (0.92).

Conclusion: The Persian version of NBQ showed a good internal consistency and reliability and it could be considered as a valuable tool for assessing patients with cervical pain in Iranian population.

Assessment of the responsiveness of four scales in geriatric patients with chronic neck pain

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ), Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) in geriatric patients with non-specific chronic neck pain. A total of 52 geriatric patients with non-specific chronic neck pain were included in the present study. All participants were included in a physical therapy and rehabilitation program for five sessions per week that lasted 3 weeks. All participants were evaluated before and after the treatment. Pain and disability were assessed with the Visual Analog Scale-pain (VAS-pain), VAS-disability, muscle spasm, CNFDS, NDI, NBQ, NPDS scales. Additionally, patient satisfaction scores were questioned both before and after the treatment. Following the 3-week physical therapy and rehabilitation program, significant improvements were detected in the VAS-pain, VAS-disability, muscle spasm, CNFDS, NDI, NBQ, and NPDS scores (p < 0.05). Responsiveness values were found to be as follows: CNFDS [effect size (ES) = 0.78; standardized response mean (SRM) = 0.90], NDI (ES = 0.66; SRM = 1.18), NBQ (ES = 0.82; SRM = 0.97) and NPDS (ES = 0.87; SRM = 0.98). Our study demonstrated that CNFDS, NDI, NBQ, and NPDS are responsive scales in determining treatment-related changes in geriatric patients with non-specific neck pain. These results also suggest that all of these four scales can be used in the assessment of treatment induced changes in geriatric patients with chronic neck pain.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Patient-Specific Functional Scale in patients with chronic neck pain

Background/aim

Current clinical guidelines recommend to use both clinical and self-reported measurements for evaluation of chronic neck pain. Among the self-reported outcomes, Neck disability index and patient-specific functional scale are the most widely used and recommended instruments. The purpose of our study was to determine the test-retest reliability and validity of patient-specific functional scale which was not validated in Turkish language previously.

Materials and methods

Translation and adaptation process had conducted according to the Beaton et al. Sociodemographic data, Turkish version of patient-specific functional scale and neck disability index were recorded at the initial assessment. Retest assessment was produced for reliability analyses and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,2) was determined. The correlations between patient-specific functional scale and neck disability index and hypothesis testing were examined for the convergent and construct validity analysis.

Results

The final form was completed by 110 chronic neck pain patients (Male: 33; mean ages: 43.13 ± 13.75 years, Female: 77; mean ages: 44.45 ± 14.38). Test-retest reliability of patient-specific functional scale was found good level (ICC: 0.85). The relationship between patient-specific functional scale and neck disability index was found moderate level (P < 0.05, rho: –0.578). The median score of PSFS-T in the low disability group was significantly higher than the high disability group in the hypothesis testing of construct validity (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the patient-specific functional scale is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating functional status in patients with chronic neck pain.