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Wang Q, Song W, Tian Y, Hu P, Liu X, Xu L, Gong Z. Targeted Lipidomics Reveal the Effect of Perchlorate on Lipid Profiles in Liver of High-Fat Diet Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:837601. [PMID: 35360694 PMCID: PMC8964020 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.837601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perchlorate, commonly available in drinking water and food, acts on the iodine uptake by the thyroid affecting lipid metabolism. High-fat diets leading to various health problems continually raise public concern. In the present study, liver lipid metabolism profiles and metabolic pathways were investigated in C57BL/6J mice chronically exposed to perchlorate using targeted metabolomics. Mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated orally with perchlorate at 0.1 mg/kg bw (body weight), 1 mg/kg bw and 10 mg/kg bw daily for 12 weeks. Perchlorate induced disorders of lipid metabolism in vivo and hepatic lipid accumulation confirmed by serum biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. There were 34 kinds of lipid in liver detected by UHPLC-MS/MS and key metabolites were identified by multivariate statistical analysis evaluated with VIP > 1, p-value < 0.05, fold change > 1.2 or < 0.8. Perchlorate low, medium and high dose groups were identified with 11, 7 and 8 significantly altered lipid metabolites compared to the control group, respectively. The results of the metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites classified into different experimental groups contribute to the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. These findings provide insights into the effects of perchlorate on lipid metabolism during long-term exposure to high-fat diets and contribute to the evaluation of perchlorate liver toxic mechanisms and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanying Song
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peihao Hu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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Tian Y, Xu H, Liu S, Fang M, Wu Y, Gong Z. Study on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of perchlorate in different food matrices in vitro. Food Chem 2020; 333:127470. [PMID: 32653684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Perchlorate, a persistent pollutant, interferes with iodine uptake by the thyroid. Perchlorate exposure mainly occurs through ingested food; understanding the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of perchlorate in foods facilitate more accurate human health risk assessments. An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model was used for this research. The bioaccessibility of perchlorate in the control group, lettuce, rice and formula was 93.45%, 70.14%, 70.25%, and 63.68%, respectively. The bioavailability of perchlorate was as follows: control group, 43.45%; rice, 37.17%; lettuce, 35.13%; and formula, 30.72%. The absorptive apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of the control, lettuce, rice, and formula was 30-101 nm/s, 32-65 nm/s, 54-161 nm/s, and 41-88 nm/s, respectively. The results suggested that the risk from perchlorate was overestimated only when considering the content of perchlorate in foods and that the presence of food matrices reduced perchlorate bioavailability by differing degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Sparling M, Tague B. Analysis of perchlorate in baby food on Canadian (Ottawa) markets in 2009 and estimated dietary exposure. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2022-2031. [PMID: 30188260 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1508891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the baseline levels of perchlorate in major brands of baby food, 200 baby food products were collected from retail stores in Ottawa, Canada and analysed for perchlorate in 2010. The seven food groups tested were fruit, juices, vegetables, meat, yogurt, mixed (vegetable mixed with meat) and other (e.g. vegetable mixed with meat and cereal, cheese, egg,). Samples were extracted with a mixture of methanol and 1% acetic acid (4:1, v/v). Determination was conducted by stable isotope dilution ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-IC-MS/MS). The complexity of different food matrices required additional method validation. The perchlorate levels in 46 samples were found to be lower than the quantification limit (0.2 ng g-1). The perchlorate levels in the other 154 baby food samples were also low; about 96.7% of the baby foods had perchlorate levels less than 10 ng g-1 (ranged from 0.2 to 22.4 ng g-1, median1.35 ng g-1); only 5 samples had perchlorate levels higher than 10 ng g-1. Dietary exposure to perchlorate from analysed baby food was conservatively estimated to range from 0.007 to 0.121 µg/kg bw/d based on the mean intake for children (1-5 years old).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Wang
- a Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Product and Food Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Melissa Sparling
- a Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Product and Food Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Brett Tague
- a Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Product and Food Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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Can O, Blount B, Valentin-Blasini L, Erdemgil Y, Uzunoglu D, Aksoy M, Coskun A, Serteser M, Unsal I, Ozpinar A. Perchlorate Exposure Through Water and Milk in Istanbul. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:439-445. [PMID: 27435977 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a chemical pollutant that inhibits iodide uptake and may possibly impair thyroid function. Our previous study found widespread perchlorate exposure in non-pregnant, non-lactating, healthy women residing in Istanbul. The aim of this study is to assess the relative amounts of perchlorate exposure attributable to consumption of municipal water, bottled water and boxed milk available in Istanbul. Only trace levels of perchlorate were found in treated municipal water (58 % detectable, mean = 0.13 µg/L, maximum = 0.75 µg/L) and bottled water (7.4 % detectable, mean = <LOD, maximum = 0.19 µg/L). Conversely, all 30 boxed milk samples contained measurable levels of perchlorate (mean = 4.53 µg/L; maximum = 6.21 µg/L). Median perchlorate exposure attributable to water and milk (0.007 µg/kg/day) is small compared both to the reference dose (0.7 µg/kg/day) and to total perchlorate exposure (0.13 µg/kg/day) in Istanbul. Therefore, additional studies are needed to identify the major sources of perchlorate exposure in Istanbul.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Can
- Department of Medical Engineering, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ben Blount
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Yigit Erdemgil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Kayisdagi Caddesi, No:32, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Uzunoglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Kayisdagi Caddesi, No:32, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Aksoy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Kayisdagi Caddesi, No:32, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Coskun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Kayisdagi Caddesi, No:32, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serteser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Kayisdagi Caddesi, No:32, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Unsal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Kayisdagi Caddesi, No:32, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Kayisdagi Caddesi, No:32, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Alomirah HF, Al-Zenki SF, Alaswad MC, Alruwaih NA, Wu Q, Kannan K. Widespread occurrence of perchlorate in water, foodstuffs and human urine collected from Kuwait and its contribution to human exposure. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1016-25. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1185354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Husam F. Alomirah
- Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sameer F. Al-Zenki
- Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Marivi C. Alaswad
- Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Noor A. Alruwaih
- Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Qian Wu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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Erdemgil Y, Gözet T, Can Ö, Ünsal İ, Özpınar A. Perchlorate levels found in tap water collected from several cities in Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:158. [PMID: 26869048 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is an inorganic anion that inhibits iodide transport to the thyroid by sodium-iodide transporters. Because perchlorate is highly soluble, stable, and mobile in water, drinking water is a potential source of perchlorate exposure. When exposed to perchlorate, thyroid dysfunction can be observed in sensitive populations (pregnant woman, infants, and children), especially those with iodide deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the perchlorate levels in tap water from five cities in Turkey. Perchlorate concentrations of 145 tap water samples collected from Ankara, Isparta, Istanbul, Kayseri, and Sakarya were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mean and median values were found to be 0.15 and 0.07 μg/L, respectively. The median values (25-75 % percentile) of Istanbul, Ankara, Sakarya, Isparta, and Kayseri were 0.08 μg/L (0.04-0.09 μg/L), 0.07 μg/L (0.07-0.21 μg/L), 0.04 μg/L (0.04-0.04 μg/L), 0.03 μg/L (0.02-0.07 μg/L), and 0.25 μg/L (0.23-0.31 μg/L), respectively. The median perchlorate level observed in Kayseri was significantly higher than those found at other cities (p < 0.05). Perchlorate concentrations in water samples were lower than the interim drinking water health advisory level (15 μg/L) determined by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This study showed that perchlorate in drinking water is not the main source of exposure in these cities. Future studies should be performed to determine perchlorate levels in other potential sources, such as food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiğit Erdemgil
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Gözet
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Can
- School of Medical Engineering, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ünsal
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Özpınar
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ozpinar A, Kelestimur F, Songur Y, Can O, Valentin L, Caldwell K, Arikan E, Unsal I, Serteser M, Inal T, Erdemgil Y, Coskun A, Bakirci N, Sezgin O, Blount B. Iodine status in Turkish populations and exposure to iodide uptake inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88206. [PMID: 24505430 PMCID: PMC3914924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are competitive inhibitors of the sodium iodide symporter of the thyroid membrane. These inhibitors can decrease iodine uptake by the symporter into the thyroid gland and may disrupt thyroid function. This study assesses iodine status and exposure to iodide uptake inhibitors of non-pregnant and non-lactating adult women living in three different cities in Turkey (Istanbul, Isparta and Kayseri). We measured iodine and iodide uptake inhibitors in 24-hr urines collected from study participants (N = 255). All three study populations were mildly iodine deficient, with median urinary iodine (UI) levels of 77.5 µg/L in Istanbul, 58.8 µg/L in Isparta, and 69.8 µg/L in Kayseri. Perchlorate doses were higher in the study population (median 0.13 µg/kg/day), compared with a reference population (median 0.059 µg/kg/day), but lower than the U.S. EPA reference dose (0.7 µg/kg/day). Urinary thiocyanate levels increased with increasing exposure to tobacco smoke, with non-smokers (268 µg/L) significantly lower than light smokers (1110 µg/L), who were significantly lower than heavy smokers (2410 µg/L). This pilot study provides novel data indicating that study participants were moderately iodine deficient and had higher intakes of the iodide uptake inhibitor perchlorate compared with a reference population. Further investigation is needed to characterize the thyroid impact resulting from iodine deficiency coupled with exposure to iodide uptake inhibitors such as perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yildiran Songur
- School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozge Can
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Liza Valentin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Caldwell
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Ibrahim Unsal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serteser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Inal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yigit Erdemgil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Coskun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nadi Bakirci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sezgin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Acibadem Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ben Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee JW, Oh SH, Oh JE. Monitoring of perchlorate in diverse foods and its estimated dietary exposure for Korea populations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 243:52-58. [PMID: 23116718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The perchlorate concentrations in various Korean food samples were monitored, and 663 samples belonging to 39 kinds of food were analyzed. The analysis results revealed that dairy products contain the highest average concentration of 6.34 μg/kg and high detection frequency of over 85%. Fruit and vegetables showed the next highest perchlorate concentration with an average of 6.17 μg/kg. Especially, with its average concentration of 39.9 μg/kg, spinach showed the highest perchlorate level among all target food samples studied. Tomato was followed by spinach, which showed a high perchlorate average concentration of 19.8 μg/kg, and over 7 μg/kg was detected in ham and sausage (avg. 7.31 μg/kg) and in instant noodles (avg. 7.58 μg/kg). Less than 2 μg/kg was detected in fishes, meats and beverages. The exposure dose of perchlorate in Korean by food intake was calculated on the basis of the analyzed perchlorate levels in this study. The daily perchlorate dose to which Korean adults are exposed is 0.04 μg/kg bw/day, which is lower than the RfD (0.7 μg/kg bw/day) value suggested by US NAS. This result indicates that Korean people's current exposure to perchlorate from domestic food consumption is evaluated as safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
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