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Mohy-Ud-Din W, Chen F, Bashir S, Akhtar MJ, Asghar HN, Farooqi ZUR, Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Afzal A, Alqahtani MD. Unlocking the potential of glyphosate-resistant bacterial strains in biodegradation and maize growth. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285566. [PMID: 38204469 PMCID: PMC10777731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] is a non-selective herbicide with a broad spectrum activity that is commonly used to control perennial vegetation in agricultural fields. The widespread utilization of glyphosate in agriculture leads to soil, water, and food crop contamination, resulting in human and environmental health consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to devise techniques for enhancing the degradation of glyphosate in soil. Rhizobacteria play a crucial role in degrading organic contaminants. Limited work has been done on exploring the capabilities of indigenously existing glyphosate-degrading rhizobacteria in Pakistani soils. This research attempts to discover whether native bacteria have the glyphosate-degrading ability for a sustainable solution to glyphosate contamination. Therefore, this study explored the potential of 11 native strains isolated from the soil with repeated glyphosate application history and showed resistance against glyphosate at higher concentrations (200 mg kg-1). Five out of eleven strains outperformed in glyphosate degradation and plant growth promotion. High-pressure liquid chromatography showed that, on average, these five strains degraded 98% glyphosate. In addition, these strains promote maize seed germination index and shoot and root fresh biomass up to 73 and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, inoculation gave an average increase of acid phosphatase (57.97%), alkaline phosphatase (1.76-fold), and dehydrogenase activity (1.75-fold) in glyphosate-contaminated soil. The findings indicated the importance of using indigenous rhizobacteria to degrade glyphosate. Therefore, by maintaining soil health, indigenous soil biodiversity can work effectively for the bioremediation of contaminated soils and sustainable crop production in a world facing food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed Akhtar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Naeem Asghar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aneeqa Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mashael Daghash Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Miranda LA, de Souza VV, Campos RA, de Campos JMS, da Silva Souza T. Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of pesticide mixtures: analysis of the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations on the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112117-112131. [PMID: 37824048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the toxicity of commercial formulations based on glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid, and iprodione, in isolation and mixed, on Allium cepa. The mixtures consisted of combinations in the lowest (M1), intermediate (M2), and highest concentrations (M3) of each pesticide. We measured physiological (germination rate, germination speed, and radicular length) and cyto-genotoxic (mitotic index and frequency of aberrant cells) parameters. In addition, we analyzed the cell cycle progression and cell death induction by flow cytometry. When applied in isolation, the pesticides changed the parameters evaluated. M1 and M2 inhibited root length and increased the frequency of aberrant cells. Their genotoxic effect was equivalent to that of pesticides applied in isolation. Furthermore, M1 and M2 caused cell death and M2 changed the cell cycle progression. M3 had the greatest deleterious effect on A. cepa. This mixture inhibited root length and promoted an additive or synergistic effect on the mitotic index. In addition, M3 changed all parameters analyzed by flow cytometry. This research clearly demonstrates that the pesticides tested, and their mixtures, may pose a risk to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanna Alves Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/No, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Ventura de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Alice Campos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Marcello Salabert de Campos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana da Silva Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/No, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, 29500-000, Brazil.
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Zhang W, Li J, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Characterization of a novel glyphosate-degrading bacterial species, Chryseobacterium sp. Y16C, and evaluation of its effects on microbial communities in glyphosate-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128689. [PMID: 35325860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use of the herbicide glyphosate in agriculture has resulted in serious environmental problems. Thus, environment-friendly technological solutions are urgently needed for the removal of residual glyphosate from soil. Here, we successfully isolated a novel bacterial strain, Chryseobacterium sp. Y16C, which efficiently degrades glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). Strain Y16C was found to completely degrade glyphosate at 400 mg·L-1 concentration within four days. Kinetics analysis indicated that glyphosate biodegradation was concentration-dependent, with a maximum specific degradation rate, half-saturation constant, and inhibition constant of 0.91459 d-1, 15.79796 mg·L-1, and 290.28133 mg·L-1, respectively. AMPA was identified as the major degradation product of glyphosate degradation, suggesting that glyphosate was first degraded via cleavage of its C-N bond prior to subsequent metabolic degradation. Strain Y16C was also found to tolerate and degrade AMPA at concentrations up to 800 mg·L-1. Moreover, strain Y16C accelerated glyphosate degradation in soil indirectly by inducing a slight alteration in the diversity and composition of soil microbial community. Taken together, our results suggest that strain Y16C may be a potential microbial agent for bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Vieira C, Marcon C, Droste A. Phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic assessment of glyphosate on Lactuca sativa L. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e257039. [PMID: 35293479 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.257039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The active ingredient glyphosate is the most commercialized herbicide on the world market due to its capability in eliminating weeds. However, it can harm the development of non-target organisms and threaten environmental quality. This study analyzed the effects of potentially toxic concentrations of glyphosate on germination, growth, cell cycle and genomic stability of Lactuca sativa L., and identified the most sensitive variables for assessing the toxicity of this herbicide to this biomonitor. Seeds of L. sativa were germinated in Petri dishes containing a sheet of filter paper moistened with 5 mL of a concentration of glyphosate (1.34, 3.35, 6.70, 10.05, 13.40 mg L-1). Controls consisted of distilled water (negative) and 3 mg L-1 CuSO4 (positive). Macroscopic and microscopic variables were analyzed. The germination of L. sativa was not affected by the concentrations of glyphosate. Root length and shoot height of the plants and the mitotic index decreased from the lowest concentration tested on. The chromosomal anomaly index and frequency of micronuclei increased by 3.2 and 22 times, respectively, with the presence of the lowest concentration of glyphosate compared to the negative control. The observed phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects demonstrate the negative influence that glyphosate has on the development of L. sativa. Root length and microscopic variables showed the highest sensitivity. This study warns of the possible harmful effects that glyphosate can have on non-target organisms and suggests greater control over the use of this herbicide to mitigate its environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vieira
- Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - C Marcon
- Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - A Droste
- Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
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Assessment of synthetic auxin type compounds as potential modulators of herbicide action in Pisum sativum L. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide in Cover Plants: Medicago sativa L. as a Model Species. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the several innovations that have been incorporated in agriculture, the use of herbicides, especially glyphosate (GLY), is still the major tool for weed control. Although this herbicide has a notable worldwide representation, concerns about its environmental safety were recently raised, with a lot of divergence between studies on its non-target toxicity. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the risks of this herbicide to non-target plants, including cover crop species, which have a crucial role in maintaining agroecosystems functions and in preventing soil erosion. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of a cover plant species (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to increasing concentrations of a GLY-based herbicide (GBH), particularly focusing on the oxidative metabolism. The growth of roots and shoots was affected, being this effect accompanied by a rise of lipid peroxidation, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress, and by an activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system. Indeed, the results showed that adverse effects are visible at active ingredient concentrations of 8.0 mg kg−1, with the lowest EC50 being 12 mg kg−1, showing that GBH-contaminated soils may pose a risk to the survival of non-target plants in the most contaminated areas. Overall, these findings proved that GBH greatly impairs the growth of a non-target plant, strengthening the need of additional studies to unravel the real risks associated with the over usage of this pesticide, since there is an evident lack of studies performed with contaminated soils.
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Rogacz D, Lewkowski J, Cal D, Rychter P. Ecotoxicological effects of new C-substituted derivatives of N-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate) and their preliminary evaluation towards herbicidal application in agriculture. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110331. [PMID: 32146199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, comparison of ecotoxicological and herbicidal effect of newly synthesized N‑[(phosphono)(aryl)methyl]glycines 1a-g (C-substituted glyphosate derivatives) with pure glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) (2) was demonstrated. All of tested glyphosate derivatives (1a-g) in contrast to glyphosate, were found to be completely safe for oat (Avena sativa) and classified as not harmful for marine bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. Compounds 1a-g were also found rather harmless to radish (Raphanus sativus) as compared to N-phosphonomethylglycine, but they were moderately toxic against freshwater crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens. One of synthesized compounds, namely N-[(phosphono)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]glycine (1f) was found to possess stronger herbicidal properties against gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) when compared to pure glyphosate and demonstrated total death of these weeds being ranked 1 in the European Weed Research Council (EWRC) scale. Considering lower phytotoxicity of compound 1f against cultivated plants and tested microorganisms when compared to pure glyphosate, this aminophosphonate may be good candidate for further, more comprehensive study toward its agrochemical application, especially that this active agent demonstrated much stronger herbicidal properties than N-phosphonomethylglycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rogacz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 42-200, Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Lewkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dariusz Cal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland; Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 42-200, Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Poland.
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Soares C, Pereira R, Spormann S, Fidalgo F. Is soil contamination by a glyphosate commercial formulation truly harmless to non-target plants? - Evaluation of oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in tomato. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:256-265. [PMID: 30685666 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a realistic and environmental relevant approach, the present study aimed at understanding the biochemical and physiological basis of glyphosate (GLY)-induced stress in non-target plant species, using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a model. For this purpose, plants were grown for 28 days under different concentrations of a commercial formulation of GLY (Roundup® UltraMax) - 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg kg-1 soil. The exposure of plants to increasing concentrations of GLY caused a severe inhibition of growth (root and shoot elongation and fresh weight), especially in the highest treatments. In what regards the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2.-) remained unchanged in shoots, but significantly increased in roots. Moreover, a concentration-dependent decrease in lipid peroxidation (LP) was found in shoots, though in roots differences were only found for the highest concentration of GLY. The evaluation of the antioxidant system showed that GLY interfered with several antioxidant metabolites (proline, ascorbate and glutathione) and enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; ascorbate peroxidase - APX), generally inducing a positive response of the defense mechanisms. Overall, data obtained in this study unequivocally demonstrated that soil contamination by GLY, applied as part of its commercial formulation Roundup® UltraMax, impairs the growth and physiological performance of tomato plants, and likely of other non-target plant species, after 28 days of exposure by clearly affecting the normal redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Spormann
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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