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Villalba A. Artificial Gametes and Human Reproduction in the 21st Century: An Ethical Analysis. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:2174-2183. [PMID: 38780744 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Artificial gametes, derived from stem cells, have the potential to enable in vitro fertilization of embryos. Currently, artificial gametes are only being generated in laboratory animals; however, considerable efforts are underway to develop artificial gametes using human cell sources. These artificial gametes are being proposed as a means to address infertility through assisted reproductive technologies. Nonetheless, the availability of artificial gametes obtained from adult organisms can potentially expand the possibilities of reproduction. Various groups, such as same-sex couples, post-menopausal women, and deceased donors, could potentially utilize artificial gametes to conceive genetically related offspring. The advent of artificial gametes raises significant bioethical questions. Should all these reproductive scenarios be accepted? How can we delineate the range of future reproductive choices? A normative bioethical framework may be necessary to establish a consensus regarding the use of human artificial gametes. This review aims to present the current state of research on the biological roadmap for generating artificial gametes, while also summarizing proposed approaches to establish a normative framework that delineates ethically acceptable paths for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Villalba
- Departamento de Filosofía II, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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2
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Villalba A. Queering the genome: ethical challenges of epigenome editing in same-sex reproduction. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2024:jme-2023-109609. [PMID: 38408852 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In this article, I explore the ethical dimensions of same-sex reproduction achieved through epigenome editing-an innovative and transformative technique. For the first time, I analyse the potential normativity of this disruptive approach for reproductive purposes, focusing on its implications for lesbian couples seeking genetically related offspring. Epigenome editing offers a compelling solution to the complex ethical challenges posed by traditional gene editing, as it sidesteps genome modifications and potential long-term genetic consequences. The focus of this article is to systematically analyse the bioethical issues related to the use of epigenome editing for same-sex reproduction. I critically assess the ethical acceptability of epigenome editing with reproductive purposes from multiple angles, considering harm perspectives, the comparison of ethical issues related to gene and epigenome editing, and feminist theories. This analysis reveals that epigenome editing emerges as an ethically acceptable means for lesbian couples to have genetically related children. Moreover, the experiments of a reproductive use of epigenome editing discussed in this article transcend bioethics, shedding light on the broader societal implications of same-sex reproduction. It challenges established notions of biological reproduction and prompts a reevaluation of how we define the human embryo, while poses some issues in the context of gender self-identification and family structures. In a world that increasingly values inclusivity and diversity, this article aims to reveal a progressive pathway for reproductive medicine and bioethics, as well as underscores the need for further philosophical research in this emerging and fertile domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Villalba
- Department of Philosophy I, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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3
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Jorge AS, Recchia K, Glória MH, de Souza AF, Pessôa LVDF, Fantinato Neto P, Martins DDS, de Andrade AFC, Martins SMMK, Bressan FF, Pieri NCG. Porcine Germ Cells Phenotype during Embryonic and Adult Development. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2520. [PMID: 37570330 PMCID: PMC10417053 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of gametes. Due to their importance for the formation and reproduction of an organism, understanding the mechanisms and pathways of PGCs and the differences between males and females is essential. However, there is little research in domestic animals, e.g., swine, regarding the epigenetic and pluripotency profiles of PGCs during development. This study analyzed the expression of epigenetic and various pluripotent and germline markers associated with the development and differentiation of PGCs in porcine (pPGCs), aiming to understand the different gene expression profiles between the genders. The analysis of gonads at different gestational periods (from 24 to 35 days post fertilization (dpf) and in adults) was evaluated by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR and showed phenotypic differences between the gonads of male and female embryos. In addition, the pPGCs were positive for OCT4 and VASA; some cells were H3k27me3 positive in male embryos and adult testes. In adults, the cells of the testes were positive for germline markers, as confirmed by gene expression analysis. The results may contribute to understanding the pPGC pathways during reproductive development, while also contributing to the knowledge needed to generate mature gametes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Soares Jorge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (M.H.G.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (D.d.S.M.); (F.F.B.)
| | - Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 01001-010, SP, Brazil;
| | - Mayra Hirakawa Glória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (M.H.G.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (D.d.S.M.); (F.F.B.)
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College (OVC), University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueirêdo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (M.H.G.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (D.d.S.M.); (F.F.B.)
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (M.H.G.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (D.d.S.M.); (F.F.B.)
| | - Daniele dos Santos Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (M.H.G.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (D.d.S.M.); (F.F.B.)
| | - André Furugen Cesar de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (M.H.G.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (D.d.S.M.); (F.F.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 01001-010, SP, Brazil;
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (M.H.G.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (D.d.S.M.); (F.F.B.)
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Ghasemi D, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Nekoofar MH, Mohamadnia A, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Bahrami N, Karimi R, Taghdiri Nooshabadi V, Azami M, Hasanzadeh E, Ai J. Differentiation of human endometrial stem cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogel into oocyte-like cells. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 13:229-240. [PMID: 37431484 PMCID: PMC10329755 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (hEnMSCs) are a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multi-lineage differentiation potential, making them an intriguing tool in regenerative medicine, particularly for the treatment of reproductive and infertility issues. The specific process of germline cell-derived stem cell differentiation remains unknown, the aim is to study novel ways to achieve an effective differentiation method that produces adequate and functioning human gamete cells. METHODS We adjusted the optimum retinoic acid (RA) concentration for enhancement of germ cell-derived hEnSCs generation in 2D cell culture after 7 days in this study. Subsequently, we developed a suitable oocyte-like cell induction media including RA and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and studied their effects on oocyte-like cell differentiation in 2D and 3D cell culture media utilizing cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogel. RESULTS Our results from microscopy analysis, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence tests revealed that 10 µM RA concentration was the optimal dose for inducing germ-like cells after 7 days. We examined the alginate hydrogel structural characteristics and integrity by rheology analysis and SEM microscope. We also demonstrated encapsulated cell viability and adhesion in the manufactured hydrogel. We propose that in 3D cell cultures in alginate hydrogel, an induction medium containing 10 µM RA and 50 ng/mL BMP4 can enhance hEnSC differentiation into oocyte-like cells. CONCLUSION The production of oocyte-like cells using 3D alginate hydrogel may be viable in vitro approach for replacing gonad tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Ghasemi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Abdolreza Mohamadnia
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Lotfibakhshaiesh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Bahrami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Karimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajihe Taghdiri Nooshabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Eshghifar N, Dehghan BK, Do AA, Koukhaloo SZ, Habibi M, Pouresmaeili F. Infertility cell therapy and epigenetic insights. Hum Antibodies 2021; 29:17-26. [PMID: 33554898 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have allowed couples with severe infertility to conceive, but the methods are not effective for all cases. Stem cells as undifferentiated cells which are found in different stages of embryonic, fetal and adult life are known to be capable of forming different cell types, tissues, and organs. Due to their unlimited resources and the incredible power of differentiation are considered as potential new therapeutic biological tools for treatment of infertility. For reproductive medicine, stem cells are stimulated in vitro to develop various specialized functional cells including male and female gametes. The epigenetic patterns can be modified in the genome under certain drugs exposure or lifestyle alterations. Therefore, epigenetics-related disorders may be treated if the nature of the modifications is completely admissible. It is proved that our understanding of epigenetic processes and its association with infertility would help us not only to understand the etiological factors but also to treat some type of male infertilities. Exploration of both genetic and epigenetic variations in the disease development could help in the identification of the interaction patterns between these two phenomena and possible improvement of therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Eshghifar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Kamali Dehghan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetics, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Abedin Do
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mohsen Habibi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Sfakianoudis K, Rapani A, Grigoriadis S, Retsina D, Maziotis E, Tsioulou P, Giannelou P, Pantos K, Koutsilieris M, Vlahos N, Mastorakos G, Simopoulou M. Novel Approaches in Addressing Ovarian Insufficiency in 2019: Are We There Yet? Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720926154. [PMID: 32686983 PMCID: PMC7563844 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720926154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian insufficiency is described as a multifaceted issue typically encountered in the field of assisted reproduction. The three main identified diagnoses of ovarian insufficiency include premature ovarian failure (POF), poor ovarian response (POR), and advanced maternal age (AMA). Patient heterogeneity in the era of individualized medicine drives research forward leading to the emergence of novel approaches. This plethora of innovative treatments in the service of adequately managing ovarian insufficiency is called to undertake the challenge of addressing infertile patients exploring their reproductive options. This review provides an all-inclusive presentation and critical analysis on novel treatments that have not achieved routine clinical practice status yet, but have recently emerged as promising. In light of the lack of randomized controlled trials conveying safety and efficiency, clinicians are left puzzled in addressing the "how" and "for whom" these approaches may be beneficial. From ovarian injection employing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or stem cells to artificial gametes and ovaries, ovarian transplantation, and mitochondrial replacement therapy, this descriptive review provides insight toward assisting the practitioner in decision making regarding these cutting-edge treatments. Biological mechanisms, invasiveness levels, efficiency, as well as possible complications, the current status along with bioethical concerns are discussed in the context of identifying future optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Rapani
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Assisted Reproduction Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sokratis Grigoriadis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Assisted Reproduction Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Retsina
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Maziotis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Assisted Reproduction Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petroula Tsioulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Assisted Reproduction Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Polina Giannelou
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, Athens, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mara Simopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Assisted Reproduction Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Pieri NCG, de Souza AF, Botigelli RC, Pessôa LVDF, Recchia K, Machado LS, Glória MH, de Castro RVG, Leal DF, Fantinato Neto P, Martins SMMK, Dos Santos Martins D, Bressan FF, de Andrade AFC. Porcine Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Different Culture Conditions. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1639-1656. [PMID: 34115317 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Culture conditions regulate the process of pluripotency acquisition and self-renewal. This study aimed to analyse the influence of the in vitro environment on the induction of porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (piPSCs) differentiation into primordial germ cell-like cells (pPGCLCs). piPSC culture with different supplementation strategies (LIF, bFGF, or LIF plus bFGF) promoted heterogeneous phenotypic profiles. Continuous bFGF supplementation during piPSCs culture was beneficial to support a pluripotent state and the differentiation of piPSCs into pPGCLCs. The pPGCLCs were positive for the gene and protein expression of pluripotent and germinative markers. This study can provide a suitable in vitro model for use in translational studies and to help answer numerous remaining questions about germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simões Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Hirakawa Glória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos Guimarães de Castro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Feitosa Leal
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - André Furugen Cesar de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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8
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Chronopoulou E, Raperport C, Sfakianakis A, Srivastava G, Homburg R. Elective oocyte cryopreservation for age-related fertility decline. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:1177-1186. [PMID: 33608838 PMCID: PMC7894970 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Women who pursue fertility at an advanced age are increasingly common. Family planning and sexual education have traditionally focused on contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. A focus should now also be placed on fertility awareness and fertility preservation. This manuscript aims to give an update on the existing evidence around elective oocyte cryopreservation, also highlighting the need for fertility education and evidence-based, individualized counselling. METHODS A thorough electronic search was performed from the start of databases to March 2020 aiming to summarize the existing evidence around elective egg freezing, the logic behind its use, patient counselling and education, success rates and risks involved, regulation, cost-effectiveness, current status and future perspectives. RESULTS Clinician-led counselling regarding reproductive aging and fertility preservation is often overlooked. Elective oocyte cryopreservation is not a guarantee of live birth, and the answer regarding cost-effectiveness needs to be individualized. The existing studies on obstetric and perinatal outcomes following the use of egg freezing are, until now, reassuring. Constant monitoring of short-term and long-term outcomes, uniform regulation and evidence-based, individualized counselling is of paramount importance. CONCLUSIONS Elective oocyte cryopreservation is one of the most controversial aspects of the world of assisted reproduction, and a lot of questions remain unanswered. However, women today do have this option which was not available in the past. Elective oocyte cryopreservation for age-related fertility decline should be incorporated in women's reproductive options to ensure informed decisions and reproductive autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chronopoulou
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, Clapton, London, E9 6SR, UK.
| | - C Raperport
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, Clapton, London, E9 6SR, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, Bethnal Green, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - A Sfakianakis
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, Clapton, London, E9 6SR, UK
| | - G Srivastava
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, Clapton, London, E9 6SR, UK
| | - R Homburg
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, Clapton, London, E9 6SR, UK
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9
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Bourdon G, Cadoret V, Charpigny G, Couturier-Tarrade A, Dalbies-Tran R, Flores MJ, Froment P, Raliou M, Reynaud K, Saint-Dizier M, Jouneau A. Progress and challenges in developing organoids in farm animal species for the study of reproduction and their applications to reproductive biotechnologies. Vet Res 2021; 52:42. [PMID: 33691745 PMCID: PMC7944619 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the past decades, major progress has been accomplished in isolating germ/stem/pluripotent cells, in refining culture medium and conditions and in establishing 3-dimensional culture systems, towards developing organoids for organs involved in reproduction in mice and to some extent in humans. Haploid male germ cells were generated in vitro from primordial germ cells. So were oocytes, with additional support from ovarian cells and subsequent follicle culture. Going on with the female reproductive tract, spherical oviduct organoids were obtained from adult stem/progenitor cells. Multicellular endometrial structures mimicking functional uterine glands were derived from endometrial cells. Trophoblastic stem cells were induced to form 3-dimensional syncytial-like structures and exhibited invasive properties, a crucial point for placentation. Finally, considering the embryo itself, pluripotent embryonic cells together with additional extra-embryonic cells, could self-organize into a blastoid, and eventually into a post-implantation-like embryo. Most of these accomplishments have yet to be reached in farm animals, but much effort is devoted towards this goal. Here, we review the progress and discuss the specific challenges of developing organoids for the study of reproductive biology in these species. We consider the use of such organoids in basic research to delineate the physiological mechanisms involved at each step of the reproductive process, or to understand how they are altered by environmental factors relevant to animal breeding. We evaluate their potential in reproduction of animals with a high genetic value, from a breeding point of view or in the context of preserving local breeds with limited headcounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bourdon
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Véronique Cadoret
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- CHU Bretonneau, Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Maria-José Flores
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mariam Raliou
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Karine Reynaud
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marie Saint-Dizier
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Alice Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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10
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Abdel Latif H, Abdel Khalek R, AbdelGalil W, AbdAllah H, Fawzy A, AbdelFattah S. Nanocurcumin versus mesenchymal stem cells in ameliorating the deleterious effects in the cadmium-induced testicular injury: A crosstalk between oxidative and apoptotic markers. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13760. [PMID: 32692431 DOI: 10.1111/and.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a grave occupational pollutant, can result in; testicular damage. This study was designed to distinguish the potential effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus that of curcumin nanoemulsion on Cd-induced testicular damage. Fifty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into five groups; control, sham control, Cd-treated, stem cell-treated and nanocurcumin-treated groups. Histological, immune histochemical; caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD 68, testosterone levels, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde (MDA)/glutathione (GSH) superoxide, dismutase (SOD), Western blot; B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2), BCL2-Associated X Protein (BAX), BAX/Bcl-2 ratio and morphometry were done. Cadmium-treated group showed degenerated, detached seminiferous tubules, vacuolations and wide interstitial spaces containing fluid exudates. The same group revealed increased expression of BAX, BAX/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3, CD 68 and increased mean values of MDA, NO. Concomitantly, Cd has significant reduction in PCNA, Bcl-2 and sperm cell count when compared to control group. BM-MSCs- and nanocurcumin-treated groups revealed well-structured tubules and were perceived to expressively enhance the deleterious changes induced by Cd. The injurious changes on the testis induced by Cd were obviously improved when treated with either MSCs or nano-curcumin. BM-MSCs exerted more ameliorative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Abdel Latif
- Anatomy and Embryology, Kasralainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Abdel Khalek
- Anatomy and Embryology, Kasralainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid AbdelGalil
- Anatomy and Embryology, Kasralainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend AbdAllah
- Anatomy and Embryology, Kasralainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Fawzy
- Medical Physiology, Kasralainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen AbdelFattah
- Anatomy and Embryology, Kasralainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Fertility Counseling for Transgender Adolescents: A Review. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:658-665. [PMID: 32115323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
International guidelines in transgender health recommend fertility counseling before the commencement of puberty suppression, estrogen, or testosterone, given the potential for these treatments to impair fertility. However, these recommendations provide little actual guidance to clinicians. Consequently, differences in knowledge and attitudes may lead to clinicians adopting different approaches and goals in the fertility counseling they provide. This review draws attention to the disparity between the rates of desire for genetic parenthood among transgender individuals and the actual rates of fertility preservation (FP) and examines different factors in fertility counseling that affect clinical practice and contribute to this disparity. These factors include how a lack of strong evidence-for the effects of hormone therapy on future fertility and success rates of some FP options-impacts upon counseling, transgender peoples' experiences of fertility counseling and preservation, consideration of a young person's developmental stage and the roles of parents and clinicians in the decision-making process, considerations shaping transgender adolescents' decisions to preserve fertility, and access barriers to FP. In doing so, this review highlights the complexities and issues that clinicians must consider when providing fertility counseling to transgender adolescents and-in part-helps to address the lack of detailed clinical guidelines in this area.
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12
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Couderc B. [George Lucas: prophet of transhumanism?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:264-270. [PMID: 32228846 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Star Wars, a "general public" film saga, raises questions about human nature and transhumanism. It features different characters who are neither "real" humans nor robots; there are creatures that can be likened to advanced humans (cyborgs, chimeras or genetically-modified humans). Based on the "Star Wars" movie, we will approach some ways of modifying the human person both in his body and in his consciousness and we will wonder about the man of tomorrow by asking ourselves if George Lucas (director of the first film released) might have not been a visionary of the men of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Couderc
- Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), Oncopole, Université de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France - Inserm UMR1027, Département d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Faculté de médecine, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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13
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Germ plasm-related structures in marine medaka gametogenesis; novel sites of Vasa localization and the unique mechanism of germ plasm granule arising. ZYGOTE 2019; 28:9-23. [PMID: 31590697 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Germ plasm, a cytoplasmic factor of germline cell differentiation, is suggested to be a perspective tool for in vitro meiotic differentiation. To discriminate between the: (1) germ plasm-related structures (GPRS) involved in meiosis triggering; and (2) GPRS involved in the germ plasm storage phase, we investigated gametogenesis in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. The GPRS of the mitosis-to-meiosis period are similar in males and females. In both sexes, five events typically occur: (1) turning of the primary Vasa-positive germ plasm granules into the Vasa-positive intermitochondrial cement (IMC); (2) aggregation of some mitochondria by IMC followed by arising of mitochondrial clusters; (3) intramitochondrial localization of IMC-originated Vasa; followed by (4) mitochondrial cluster degradation; and (5) intranuclear localization of Vasa followed by this protein entering the nuclei (gonial cells) and synaptonemal complexes (zygotene-pachytene meiotic cells). In post-zygotene/pachytene gametogenesis, the GPRS are sex specific; the Vasa-positive chromatoid bodies are found during spermatogenesis, but oogenesis is characterized by secondary arising of Vasa-positive germ plasm granules followed by secondary formation and degradation of mitochondrial clusters. A complex type of germ plasm generation, 'the follicle cell assigned germ plasm formation', was found in late oogenesis. The mechanisms discovered are recommended to be taken into account for possible reconstruction of those under in vitro conditions.
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14
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Reunov A, Yakovlev K, Hu J, Reunova Y, Komkova A, Alexandrova Y, Pimenova E, Tiefenbach J, Krause H. Close association between vasa-positive germ plasm granules and mitochondria correlates with cytoplasmic localization of 12S and 16S mtrRNAs during zebrafish spermatogenesis. Differentiation 2019; 109:34-41. [PMID: 31494397 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of the cytoplasmic localisation of mitochondrial ribosomal subunits (12 S mitochondrial rRNA and 16 S mitochondrial rRNA) has been discovered by scientific teams working with spermatogenic cells of mice. Previous reports showed that the release of mitochondrial substance occurs during interaction of mitochondria with the germ plasm granules (GG). To determine if the interplay between the vasa-positive GG and the mitochondria is associated with cytoplasmic localisation of mtrRNAs, we studied the spermatogenic cells of zebrafish, Danio rerio. It was revealed that in type A undifferentiated spermatogonia the GG did not contact mitochondria, and the extra-mitochondrial localisation of the mtrRNAs was not found. In type A differentiated spermatogonia, the amount of GG in contact with mitochondria increased, but the extra-mitochondrial localisation of the mtrRNAs was not found either. In type B late spermatogonia, which are pre-meiotic cells, the GG/mitochondrion complexes were typically found in contact with the nucleus. This stage was associated with the intra-mitochondrial localisation of GG-originated vasa and extra-mitochondrial localisation of 12 S mtrRNA and 16 S mtrRNA. Until the onset of meiosis, which was determined by the observation of synaptonemal complexes in zygotene-pachytene spermatocytes I, the GG/mitochondrion complexes disappeared, but both types of mtrRNAs persisted in the cytoplasm of spermatids and spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiy Reunov
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia; St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada.
| | - Konstantin Yakovlev
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Jack Hu
- Donnelly Ctr., 160 College St., University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yulia Reunova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Alina Komkova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Yana Alexandrova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Evgenia Pimenova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Jens Tiefenbach
- Donnelly Ctr., 160 College St., University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Henry Krause
- Donnelly Ctr., 160 College St., University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
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15
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Germ plasm provides clues on meiosis: the concerted action of germ plasm granules and mitochondria in gametogenesis of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. ZYGOTE 2018; 27:25-35. [PMID: 30523771 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199418000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryGerm plasm-related structures (GPRS) are known to accompany meiotic cell differentiation but their dynamics are still poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the ultrastructural mechanisms of GPRS transformation during oogenesis and spermatogenesis of the bivalve mollusc Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam), exploring patterns of GPRS activity occurring at meiosis onset, sex-specific difference/similarity of such patterns, and the involvement of mitochondria during GPRS-assigned events. In the two sexes, the zygotene-pachytene stage of meiosis is anticipated by three shared steps. First, the dispersion of germ plasm granules containing the germ line determinant VASA occurs. Second, the VASA protein deriving from germ plasm granules enters neighbouring mitochondria and appears to induce mitochondrial matter release, as supported by cytochrome B localization outside the mitochondria. Third, intranuclear VASA entrance occurs and the protein appears involved in chromatin reorganization, as supported by VASA localization in synaptonemal complexes. In spermatogenesis, these three steps are sufficient for the normal course of meiosis. In oogenesis, these are followed by the action of 'germ plasm granule formation complex', a novel type of structure that appears alternative to the Balbiani body. The possibility of germ plasm involvement in reproductive technologies is also suggested.
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16
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Bhartiya D, Anand S, Patel H, Parte S. Making gametes from alternate sources of stem cells: past, present and future. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:89. [PMID: 29145898 PMCID: PMC5691385 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertile couples including cancer survivors stand to benefit from gametes differentiated from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (ES/iPS) cells. It remains challenging to convert human ES/iPS cells into primordial germ-like cells (PGCLCs) en route to obtaining gametes. Considerable success was achieved in 2016 to obtain fertile offspring starting with mouse ES/iPS cells, however the specification of human ES/iPS cells into PGCLCs in vitro is still not achieved. Human ES cells will not yield patient-specific gametes unless and until hES cells are derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer (therapeutic cloning) whereas iPS cells retain the residual epigenetic memory of the somatic cells from which they are derived and also harbor genomic and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Thus, they may not be ideal starting material to produce autologus gametes, especially for aged couples. Pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) have been reported in adult tissues including gonads, are relatively quiescent in nature, survive oncotherapy and can be detected in aged, non-functional gonads. Being developmentally equivalent to PGCs (natural precursors to gametes), VSELs spontaneously differentiate into gametes in vitro. It is also being understood that gonadal stem cells niche is compromised by oncotherapy and with age. Improving the gonadal somatic niche could regenerate non-functional gonads from endogenous VSELs to restore fertility. Niche cells (Sertoli/mesenchymal cells) can be directly transplanted and restore gonadal function by providing paracrine support to endogenous VSELs. This strategy has been successful in several mice studies already and resulted in live birth in a woman with pre-mature ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
| | - Sandhya Anand
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Seema Parte
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
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17
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Segers S, Mertes H, Pennings G, de Wert G, Dondorp W. Using stem cell-derived gametes for same-sex reproduction: an alternative scenario. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2017; 43:688-691. [PMID: 28122990 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2016-103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that future application of stem-cell derived gametes (SCD-gametes) might lead to the possibility for same-sex couples to have genetically related children. Still, for this to become possible, the technique of gamete derivation and techniques of reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state (directly or via somatic cell nuclear transfer) would have to be perfected. Moreover, egg cells would have to be derived from male cells and sperm cells from female cells, which is believed to be particularly difficult, if not impossible. We suggest a more plausible scenario to provide same-sex couples with the possibility to parent a child who is genetically related to both parents. Although technical feasibility is an advantage (also in terms of safety), disadvantages are that cooperation of a donor of the opposite sex is still required and that the partners are genetically linked to the resulting child in a different degree. However, since in our scenario the donor's genetic contribution would not outweigh any of the parents' genetic contribution, this alternative route may ease the fear for a possible parental claim by the donor. Like many other applications in the field of infertility treatment, the goal to create SCD-gametes for reproductive purposes is largely based on the high value attributed to genetic parenthood. Although we believe that genetic relatedness is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for 'good' parenthood, we do believe that many people may consider our scenario a welcome alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Segers
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Mertes
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido Pennings
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido de Wert
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Research Schools CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wybo Dondorp
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Research Schools CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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18
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Duncan FE. Egg Quality during the Pubertal Transition-Is Youth All It's Cracked Up to Be? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:226. [PMID: 28928717 PMCID: PMC5591325 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well accepted that egg quality decreases with advanced maternal age, we do not know how it is affected at the earliest ages during the pubertal transition-likely because this young population is not typically reproducing. However, in the setting of fertility preservation, more childhood cancer patients are surviving their diagnosis due to medical advances, forcing patients and their families to consider their future fertility at a very young age. Ex vivo in vitro maturation, in which cumulus oocyte complexes harvested from ovarian tissue are cultured to obtain mature gametes, is gaining traction as a fertility preservation method that is coupled to ovarian tissue cryopreservation. This method is particularly suitable for prepubertal and young adolescent girls, although live births have not yet been reported in gametes derived from females during the pubertal transition. Importantly, the period immediately following menarche in primate species (non-human primate and human) is characterized by relative subfecundity or sterility, and data from agricultural species and humans suggest that this may in part be due to increased chromosomal abnormalities in the egg. Together these data provide a compelling rationale for pushing the age boundary of when egg quality is considered, for performing further basic research to understand egg quality during this period, and for appropriately counseling patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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19
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Eyni H, Ghorbani S, Shirazi R, Salari Asl L, P Beiranvand S, Soleimani M. Three-dimensional wet-electrospun poly(lactic acid)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes scaffold induces differentiation of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells into germ-like cells. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:373-383. [PMID: 28752802 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217723179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infertility caused by the disruption or absence of germ cells is a major and largely incurable medical problem. Germ cells (i.e., sperm or egg) play a key role in the transmission of genetic and epigenetic information across generations. Generation of gametes derived in vitro from stem cells hold promising prospects which could potentially help infertile men and women. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells are a unique stem cell source. Evidence suggests that menstrual blood-derived stem cells exhibit a multi-lineage potential and have attracted extensive attention in regenerative medicine. To maintain the three-dimensional structure of natural extra cellular matrices in vitro, scaffolds can do this favor and mimic a microenvironment for cell proliferation and differentiation. According to previous studies, poly(lactic acid) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes have been introduced as novel and promising biomaterials for the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Some cell types have been successfully grown on a matrix containing carbon nanotubes in tissue engineering but there is no report for this material to support stem cells differentiation into germ cells lineage. This study designed a 3D wet-electrospun poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes composite scaffold to compare infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation potential of menstrual blood-derived stem cells toward germ cell lineage with 2D culture. Our primary data revealed that the fabricated scaffold has mechanical and biological suitable qualities for supporting and attachments of stem cells. The differentiated menstrual blood-derived stem cells tracking in scaffolds using scanning electron microscopy confirmed cell attachment, aggregation, and distribution on the porous scaffold. Based on the differentiation assay by RT-PCR analysis, stem cells and germ-like cells markers were expressed in 3D groups as well as 2D one. It seems that poly(lactic acid)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes scaffold-seeded menstrual blood-derived stem cells could be viewed as a novel, safe, and accessible construct for these cells, as they enhance germ-like generation from menstrual blood-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Eyni
- 1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sadegh Ghorbani
- 1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- 2 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Salari Asl
- 1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shahram P Beiranvand
- 1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- 3 Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Sex before the State: Civic Sex, Reproductive Innovations, and Gendered Parental Identity. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2017; 26:267-277. [PMID: 28361724 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180116000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Certain changes in the way that states classify people by sex as well as certain reproductive innovations undercut the rationale for state identification of people as male or female in signifying gendered parental relationships to children. At present, people known to the state as men may be genetic mothers to their children; people known to the state as women may be genetic fathers to their children. Synthetic gametes would make it possible for transgender men to be genetically related to children as fathers and transgender women to be genetically related to children as mothers, even if they have otherwise relied on naturally-occurring gametes to be genetic mothers and genetic fathers of children respectively. Synthetic gametes would presumably make it possible for any person to be the genetic father or genetic mother of children, even in a mix-and-match way. Other reproductive innovations will also undercut existing expectations of gendered parental identity. Uterus transplants would uncouple the maternal function of gestation from women, allowing men to share in maternity that way. Extracorporeal gestation ((ExCG)-gestation outside anyone's body-would also undercut the until-now absolute connection between female sex and maternity. In kind, effects such as these-undoing conventionally gendered parenthood-undercut the state's interest in knowing whether parents are male or female in relation to a given child, as against knowing simply whether someone stands in a parental relationship to that child, as a matter of rights and duties.
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21
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Segers S, Mertes H, de Wert G, Dondorp W, Pennings G. Balancing Ethical Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Derived Gametes. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1620-1632. [PMID: 28091967 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review we aim to provide an overview of the most important ethical pros and cons of stem cell derived gametes (SCD-gametes), as a contribution to the debate about reproductive tissue engineering. Derivation of gametes from stem cells holds promising applications both for research and for clinical use in assisted reproduction. We explore the ethical issues connected to gametes derived from embryonic stem cells (both patient specific and non-patient specific) as well as those related to gametes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. The technology of SCD-gametes raises moral concerns of how reproductive autonomy relates to issues of embryo destruction, safety, access, and applications beyond clinical infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Segers
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Heidi Mertes
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido de Wert
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Research Schools CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wybo Dondorp
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Research Schools CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Pennings
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Vahdati A, Fathi A, Hajihoseini M, Aliborzi G, Hosseini E. The Regenerative Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Spermatogenesis of Infertile Hamster. World J Plast Surg 2017; 6:18-25. [PMID: 28289609 PMCID: PMC5339605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a serious social problem in advanced nations, with male factor in half of all cases of infertility. This study was conducted to determine the regenerative effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells in spermatogenesis of infertile hamster. METHODS Twelve adult male hamsters were equally divided into azoospermic and control groups. Busulfan was intraperitoneally used for induction of azoospermia, while the right testis was treated with bone marrow-derived stem cells (106 BM-SCs), labeled with sterile trypan blue, 35 days after busulfan injection. The left testis served as positive control for azoospermia. Sixty days after cell transplantation, the animals were euthanized and both testes were removed and evaluated histologically. RESULTS BM-SCs were spindle-shaped, adherent to the culture flasks and had positive expression of CD29 and CD73 and negative expression of CD45. Alcian blue staining confirmed differentiation of BM-SCs into chondrocytes. Karyotyping denoted to stability of chromosomes. Treatment with busulfan in seminiferous tubules resulted into distruption of spermatogenesis. After two months in busulfan treatment group, seminiferous tubular atrophy and germinal epitheliums degenerations were noticed with no spermatozoa in epididymis. After treatment of busulfan group with BM-SCs, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms were present in seminiferous tubules. CONCLUSION As cell transplantation in seminiferous tubules resulted into a rapid repair of pathological changes, BM-SCs can be recommended an effective treatment measure in azoospermia. It seems that more studies are necessary to confirm the use of this technique in treatment of azoospermia and infertility in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Vahdati
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran;,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Akbar Vahdati, PhD; Professor of Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran, Tel: +98-71-32341025,
| | - Alireza Fathi
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran;,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdokht Hajihoseini
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran;,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghaem Aliborzi
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran;,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran;,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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Canovas S, Campos R, Aguilar E, Cibelli JB. Progress towards human primordial germ cell specification in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 23:4-15. [PMID: 27798275 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) have long been considered the link between one generation and the next. PGC specification begins in the early embryo as a result of a highly orchestrated combination of transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the molecular events that lead to proper PGC development will facilitate the development of new treatments for human infertility as well as species conservation. This article describes the latest, most relevant findings about the mechanisms of PGC formation, emphasizing human PGC. It also discusses our own laboratory's progress in using transdifferentiation protocols to derive human PGCs (hPGCs). Our preliminary results arose from our pursuit of a sequential hPGC induction strategy that starts with the repression of lineage-specific factors in the somatic cell, followed by the reactivation of germ cell-related genes using specific master regulators, which can indeed reactivate germ cell-specific genes in somatic cells. While it is still premature to assume that fully functional human gametes can be obtained in a dish, our results, together with those recently published by others, provide strong evidence that generating their precursors, PGCs, is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Canovas
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - R Campos
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - E Aguilar
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - J B Cibelli
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain .,Department of Physiology and Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Bhartiya D, Shaikh A, Anand S, Patel H, Kapoor S, Sriraman K, Parte S, Unni S. Endogenous, very small embryonic-like stem cells: critical review, therapeutic potential and a look ahead. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 23:41-76. [PMID: 27614362 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were reported in 2006. In 2012, a Nobel Prize was awarded for iPS technology whereas even today the very existence of VSELs is not well accepted. The underlying reason is that VSELs exist in low numbers, remain dormant under homeostatic conditions, are very small in size and do not pellet down at 250-280g. The VSELs maintain life-long tissue homeostasis, serve as a backup pool for adult stem cells and are mobilized under stress conditions. An imbalance in VSELs function (uncontrolled proliferation) may result in cancer. SEARCH METHODS The electronic database 'Medline/Pubmed' was systematically searched with the subject heading term 'very small embryonic-like stem cells'. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The most primitive stem cells that undergo asymmetric cell divisions to self-renew and give rise to progenitors still remain elusive in the hematopoietic system and testes, while the presence of stem cells in ovary is still being debated. We propose to review the available literature on VSELs, the methods of their isolation and characterization, their ontogeny, how they compare with embryonic stem (ES) cells, primordial germ cells (PGCs) and iPS cells, and their role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. The review includes a look ahead on how VSELs will result in paradigm shifts in basic reproductive biology. OUTCOMES Adult tissue-specific stem cells including hematopoietic, spermatogonial, ovarian and mesenchymal stem cells have good proliferation potential and are indeed committed progenitors (with cytoplasmic OCT-4), which arise by asymmetric cell divisions of pluripotent VSELs (with nuclear OCT-4). VSELs are the most primitive stem cells and postulated to be an overlapping population with the PGCs. Rather than migrating only to the gonads, PGCs migrate and survive in various adult body organs throughout life as VSELs. VSELs express both pluripotent and PGC-specific markers and are epigenetically and developmentally more mature compared with ES cells obtained from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst-stage embryo. As a result, VSELs readily differentiate into three embryonic germ layers and spontaneously give rise to both sperm and oocytes in vitro. Like PGCs, VSELs do not divide readily in culture, nor produce teratoma or integrate in the developing embryo. But this property of being relatively quiescent allows endogenous VSELs to survive various kinds of toxic insults. VSELs that survive oncotherapy can be targeted to induce endogenous regeneration of non-functional gonads. Transplanting healthy niche (mesenchymal) cells have resulted in improved gonadal function and live births. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Being quiescent, VSELs possibly do not accumulate genomic (nuclear or mitochondrial) mutations and thus may be ideal endogenous, pluripotent stem cell candidates for regenerative and reproductive medicine. The presence of VSELs in adult gonads and the fact that they survive oncotherapy may obviate the need to bank gonadal tissue for fertility preservation prior to oncotherapy. VSELs and their ability to undergo spermatogenesis/neo-oogenesis in the presence of a healthy niche will help identify newer strategies toward fertility restoration in cancer survivors, delaying menopause and also enabling aged mothers to have better quality eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Ambreen Shaikh
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sandhya Anand
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sona Kapoor
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Kalpana Sriraman
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,The Foundation for Medical Research, 84-A, RG Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400018, India
| | - Seema Parte
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 2301 S 3rd St, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sreepoorna Unni
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,Inter Disciplinary Studies Department, University College, Zayed University, Academic City, PO Box 19282, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Tosti E, Ménézo Y. Gamete activation: basic knowledge and clinical applications. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:420-39. [PMID: 27278231 PMCID: PMC4917743 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The first clues to the process of gamete activation date back to nearly 60 years ago. The mutual activation of gametes is a crucial event during fertilization. In the testis and ovaries, spermatozoa and oocytes are in a state of meiotic and metabolic quiescence and require reciprocal signals in order to undergo functional changes that lead to competence for fertilization. First, the oocyte activates sperm by triggering motility, chemoattraction, binding and the acrosome reaction, culminating with the fusion of the two plasma membranes. At the end of this cascade of events, collectively known as sperm capacitation, sperm-induced oocyte activation occurs, generating electrical, morphological and metabolic modifications in the oocyte. Objective and rationale The aim of this review is to provide the current state of knowledge regarding the entire process of gamete activation in selected specific animal models that have contributed to our understanding of fertilization in mammals, including humans. Here we describe in detail the reciprocal induction of the two activation processes, the molecules involved and the mechanisms of cell interaction and signal transduction that ultimately result in successful embryo development and creation of a new individual. Search methods We carried out a literature survey with no restrictions on publication date (from the early 1950s to March 2016) using PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Knowledge by utilizing common keywords applied in the field of fertilization and embryo development. We also screened the complete list of references published in the most recent research articles and relevant reviews published in English (both animal and human studies) on the topics investigated. Outcomes Literature on the principal animal models demonstrates that gamete activation is a pre-requisite for successful fertilization, and is a process common to all species studied to date. We provide a detailed description of the dramatic changes in gamete morphology and behavior, the regulatory molecules triggering gamete activation and the intracellular ions and second messengers involved in active metabolic pathways in different species. Recent scientific advances suggest that artificial gamete activation may represent a novel technique to improve human IVF outcomes, but this approach requires caution. Wider implications Although controversial, manipulation of gamete activation represents a promising tool for ameliorating the fertilization rate in assisted reproductive technologies. A better knowledge of mechanisms that transform the quiescent oocyte into a pluripotent cell may also provide new insights for the clinical use of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Tosti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Yves Ménézo
- London Fertility Associates, 104 Harley Street, London WIG7JD, UK
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Rahmanifar F, Tamadon A, Mehrabani D, Zare S, Abasi S, Keshavarz S, Dianatpour M, Khodabandeh Z, Jahromi IRG, Koohi-Hoseinabadi O. Histomorphometric evaluation of treatment of rat azoosper-mic seminiferous tubules by allotransplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:653-61. [PMID: 27482347 PMCID: PMC4951605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) potentials make them appropriate for cell therapy including ability of differentiation and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors secreta. For treatment of azoospermia to induce proliferation and differentiation of germ cells, MSCs transplantation has been introduced. The aim of the present experimental case-control study was to histomorphometric evaluation of the germinal cells in seminiferous tubules of azoospermic rats before and after BM-MSCs allotransplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, BM-MSCs were isolated from six male rats and confirmed. Their testes also served as intact negative controls. The recipient rats (n=6) were received two doses of 10 mg/kg of busulfan with 21 days interval to induce azoospermia. After cessation of spermatogenesis, the rats were allotransplanted with the BM-MSCs into efferent duct of right testes. Thirty-five days later, the right cell-treated testes were compared to left azoospermic ones. RESULTS Histomorphometric analyses showed that the seminiferous tubules treated with BM-MSCs had normal morphology in comparison with azoospermic testes, which were without germinal layer. In most BM-MSCs-treated seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis was observed. CONCLUSION The allotransplanted BM-MSCs could induce spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of azoospermic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Rahmanifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Davood Mehrabani. Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-71 32341025; emails:
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sorush Abasi
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeideh Keshavarz
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tamadon A, Mehrabani D, Rahmanifar F, Jahromi AR, Panahi M, Zare S, Khodabandeh Z, Jahromi IR, Tanideh N, Dianatpour M, Ramzi M, Koohi-Hoseinabadi O. Induction of Spermatogenesis by Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Busulfan-induced Azoospermia in Hamster. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:134-45. [PMID: 26634062 PMCID: PMC4651278 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.2.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have potential of differentiation and they secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors which make them appropriate for cell therapy. Aim of the Work Were to evaluate the healing effect of BM-MSCs transplantation on germinal cells of busulfan-induced azoospermic hamsters. Material and Methods In the present experimental case control study, BM-MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of donor albino hamsters. Five mature male recipient hamsters received two doses of 10 mg/kg of busulfan with 21 days interval to stop endogenous spermatogenesis. After induction of azoospermia, right testis of hamsters was injected with 106 BM-MSCs via efferent duct and the left one remained as azoospermia control testis. Five normal mature hamsters were selected as normal intact control. After 35 days, testes and epididymis of three groups were removed for histological evaluation. Results Histomorphological analyses of BM-MSCs treated testes and epididymis showed the epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubules had normal morphology and spermatozoa were present in epididymis tubes. Spermatogenesis was observed in most cell-treated seminiferous tubules. The untreated seminiferous tubules were empty. Conclusion Transplanted BM-MSCs could successfully induce spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of azoospermic hamster. Therefore, BM-MSCs can be an attractive candidate in cell transplantation of azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Tamadon
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Rahmanifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Raayat Jahromi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Panahi
- DVM graduated, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Razeghian Jahromi
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Human Genetic, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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