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Shibu MA, Huang CY, Ding DC. Comparison of two hepatocyte differentiation protocols in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: In vitro study. Tissue Cell 2023; 83:102153. [PMID: 37413859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUCMSCs) are an emerging source of cell therapy due to their self-renew and differentiation ability. They can differentiate into three germ layers, including the potential to generate hepatocytes. This study determined the transplantation efficiency and suitability of HUCMSCs-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) for their therapeutic application for liver diseases. This study aims to formulate ideal conditions to induce HUCMSCs into the hepatic lineage and investigate the efficiency of the differentiated HLCs based on their expression characteristics and capacity to integrate into the damaged liver of CCl4-challenged mice. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Activin A, Wnt3a were found to optimally promote the endodermal expansion of HUCMSCs, which showed phenomenal expression of hepatic markers upon differentiation in the presence of oncostatin M and dexamethasone. HUCMSCs expressed MSC-related surface markers and could undergo tri-lineage differentiations. Two hepatogenic differentiation protocols (differentiated hepatocyte protocol 1 [DHC1]: 32 days and DHC2: 15 days) were experimented with. The proliferation rate was faster in DHC2 than in DHC1 on day 7 of differentiation. The migration capability was the same in both DHC1 and DHC2. Hepatic markers like CK18, CK19, ALB, and AFP were upregulated. The mRNA levels of albumin, α1AT, αFP, CK18, TDO2, CYP3A4, CYP7A1, HNF4A, CEBPA, PPARA, and PAH were even higher in the HUCMSCs-derived HCLs than in the primary hepatocytes. Western blot confirmed HNF3B and CK18 protein expression in a step-wise manner differentiated from HUCMSCs. The metabolic function of differentiated hepatocytes was evident by increasing PAS staining and urea production. Pre-treating HUCMSCs with a hepatic differentiation medium containing HGF can drive their differentiation towards endodermal and hepatic lineages, enabling efficient integration into the damaged liver. This approach represents a potential alternative protocol for cell-based therapy that could enhance the integration potential of HUCMSC-derived HLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Blackford SJ, Ng SS, Segal JM, King AJ, Austin AL, Kent D, Moore J, Sheldon M, Ilic D, Dhawan A, Mitry RR, Rashid ST. Validation of Current Good Manufacturing Practice Compliant Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes for Cell-Based Therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:124-137. [PMID: 30456803 PMCID: PMC6344902 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the production of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-Heps) afford tremendous possibilities for treatment of patients with liver disease. Validated current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) lines are an essential prerequisite for such applications but have only recently been established. Whether such cGMP lines are capable of hepatic differentiation is not known. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the proficiency of three recently derived cGMP lines (two hiPSC and one hESC) to differentiate into hepatocytes and their suitability for therapy. hPSC-Heps generated using a chemically defined four-step hepatic differentiation protocol uniformly demonstrated highly reproducible phenotypes and functionality. Seeding into a 3D poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate fabricated inverted colloid crystal scaffold converted these immature progenitors into more advanced hepatic tissue structures. Hepatic constructs could also be successfully encapsulated into the immune-privileged material alginate and remained viable as well as functional upon transplantation into immune competent mice. This is the first report we are aware of demonstrating cGMP-compliant hPSCs can generate cells with advanced hepatic function potentially suitable for future therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:124&14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J.I. Blackford
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joe M. Segal
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aileen J.F. King
- Diabetes Research GroupFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amazon L. Austin
- Diabetes Research GroupFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Deniz Kent
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Moore
- RUCDR Infinite BiologicsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- RUCDR Infinite BiologicsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ragai R. Mitry
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - S. Tamir Rashid
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Effects of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Viability during Differentiation In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2451927. [PMID: 29147115 PMCID: PMC5632925 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2451927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are being used extensively in array of studies to understand different mechanisms such as early human embryogenesis, drug toxicity testing, disease modeling, and cell replacement therapy. The protocols for the directed differentiation of hESCs towards specific cell types often require long-term cell cultures. To avoid bacterial contamination, these protocols include addition of antibiotics such as pen-strep and gentamicin. Although aminoglycosides, streptomycin, and gentamicin have been shown to cause cytotoxicity in various animal models, the effect of these antibiotics on hESCs is not clear. In this study, we found that antibiotics, pen-strep, and gentamicin did not affect hESC cell viability or expression of pluripotency markers. However, during directed differentiation towards neural and hepatic fate, significant cell death was noted through the activation of caspase cascade. Also, the expression of neural progenitor markers Pax6, Emx2, Otx2, and Pou3f2 was significantly reduced suggesting that gentamicin may adversely affect early embryonic neurogenesis whereas no effect was seen on the expression of endoderm or hepatic markers during differentiation. Our results suggest that the use of antibiotics in cell culture media for the maintenance and differentiation of hESCs needs thorough investigation before use to avoid erroneous results.
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Generation of functional hepatocyte-like cells from human deciduous periodontal ligament stem cells. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:62. [PMID: 27379400 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human deciduous periodontal ligament stem cells have been introduced for as an easily accessible source of stem cells from dental origin. Although recent studies have revealed the ability of these stem cells in multipotential attribute, their efficiency of hepatic lineage differentiation has not been addressed so far. The aim of this study is to investigate hepatic lineage fate competence of periodontal ligament stem cells through direct media induction. Differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells was conducted by the exposure of two phase media induction. First phase was performed in the presence of hepatocyte growth factors to induce a definitive endoderm formation. In the subsequent phase, the cells were treated with oncostatin M and dexamethosone followed by insulin and transferrin to generate hepatocyte-like cells. Hepatic-related characters of the generated hepatocyte-like cells were determined at both mRNA and protein level followed by functional assays. Foremost changes observed in the generation of hepatocyte-like cells were the morphological features in which these cells were transformed from fibroblastic shape to polygonal shape. Temporal expression of hepatic markers ranging from early endodermal up to late markers were detected in the hepatocyte-like cells. Crucial hepatic markers such as glycogen storage, albumin, and urea secretion were also shown. These findings exhibited the ability of periodontal ligament stem cells of dental origin to be directed into hepatic lineage fate. These cells can be regarded as an alternative autologous source in the usage of stem cell-based treatment for liver diseases.
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Küblbeck J, Anttila T, Pulkkinen JT, Honkakoski P. Improved assays for xenosensor activation based on reverse transfection. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1759-65. [PMID: 26187274 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of receptor-dependent mechanisms for regulation of drug metabolism has provided a new way to evaluate the propensity of drug candidates to cause induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Therefore, receptor-based reporter assays have become common in early stages of drug development projects and in mechanistic studies. Here, we report a reverse transfection system to conduct activation assays for human xenosensors AhR, CAR and PXR. The assay format is based on long-term stability and uniformity of DNA/carrier complexes on culture plates, avoiding multiple stages and variation inherent in conventional transfection methods. Consequently, these improved assays are streamlined, reproducible and formally validated with Z' factors exceeding 0.5. This novel reverse transfection system is expected to find use in diverse areas of early drug development such prediction of CYP induction, evaluation of species differences and in mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Küblbeck
- School of Pharmacy and Biocenter Kuopio, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Teemu Anttila
- School of Pharmacy and Biocenter Kuopio, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha T Pulkkinen
- School of Pharmacy and Biocenter Kuopio, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy and Biocenter Kuopio, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Xing Q, Luo Y, Gao Y, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Shu G, Lou C, Wang J, Wang P, Du Z. Hepatectomised patient sera promote hepatocyte differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46:731-7. [PMID: 24881854 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells, could provide a source for liver regeneration and bio-artificial liver devices. However, the functionality of hepatocyte-like cells is significantly lower than that of primary hepatocytes. AIMS To investigate whether serum from patients undergoing hepatectomy might promote differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells. METHODS Serum from patients undergoing hepatectomy (acquired pre-hepatectomy and 3 hours, 1 day and 3 days post-hepatectomy) was used to replace foetal bovine serum when differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Properties of hepatocyte-like cells were assessed and compared with cells cultured in foetal bovine serum. RESULTS The differentiation efficiency and functionality of hepatocyte-like cells cultured in human serum 3 hours and 1 day post-hepatectomy were superior to those cultured in foetal bovine serum and human serum pre-hepatectomy. Human serum 3 days post-hepatectomy had an equal effect to that of human serum pre-hepatectomy. Some cytochrome P450 isozyme transcript levels of hepatocyte-like cells cultured in human serum were higher than those cultured in foetal bovine serum. CONCLUSION Human serum, particularly that acquired relatively soon after hepatectomy, can enhance the differentiation efficiency and functionality of hepatocyte-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhe Xing
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengyan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Guiming Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Du
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
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Sengupta S, Johnson BP, Swanson SA, Stewart R, Bradfield CA, Thomson JA. Aggregate culture of human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocytes in suspension are an improved in vitro model for drug metabolism and toxicity testing. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:236-45. [PMID: 24752503 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early phase drug development relies on primary human hepatocytes for studies of drug metabolism, cytotoxicity, and drug-drug interactions. However, primary human hepatocytes rapidly lose metabolic functions ex vivo and are refractory to expansion in culture and thus are limited in quantity. Hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (either embryonic stem (ES) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells), have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of primary human hepatocytes, but to date the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes has been limited by poor enzyme inducibility and immature metabolic function. Here, we present a simple suspension culture of aggregates of ES cell-derived hepatocytes that compared to conventional monolayer adherent culture significantly increases induction of CYP 1A2 by omeprazole and 3A4 by rifampicin. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we further show that ES cell-derived hepatocytes in aggregate culture convert omeprazole and rifampicin to their human-specific metabolites. We also show that these cells convert acetaminophen (APAP) to its cytotoxic metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)), although they fail to perform APAP glucuronidation. In summary, we show that human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes in aggregate culture display improved enzymatic inducibility and metabolic function and is a promising step toward a simple, scalable system, but nonetheless will require further improvements to completely replace primary human hepatocytes in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Patrick Johnson
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Christopher Alan Bradfield
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - James Alexander Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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Bukong TN, Lo T, Szabo G, Dolganiuc A. Novel developmental biology-based protocol of embryonic stem cell differentiation to morphologically sound and functional yet immature hepatocytes. Liver Int 2012; 32:732-41. [PMID: 22292891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Liver diseases are common in the United States and often require liver transplantation; however, donated organs are limited and thus alternative sources for liver cells are in high demand. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) can provide a continuous and readily available source of liver cells. ESC differentiation to liver cells is yet to be fully understood and comprehensive differentiation protocols are yet to be defined. Here, we aimed to achieve human (h)ESC differentiation into mature hepatocytes using defined recombinant differentiation factors and metabolites. METHODS Embryonic stem cell H1 line was sub-cultured on feeder layer. We induced hESCs into endodermal differentiation succeeded by early/late hepatic specification and finally into hepatocyte maturation using step combinations of Activin A and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 for 7 days; followed by FGF-4 and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) for 7 days, succeeded by FGF-10 + hepatocyte growth factor 4 + epidermal growth factor for 14 days. Specific inhibitors/stimulators were added sequentially throughout differentiation. Cells were analysed by PCR, flow cytometry, microscopy or functional assays. RESULTS Our hESC differentiation protocol resulted in viable cells with hepatocyte shape and morphology. We observed gradual changes in cell transcriptome, including up-regulation of differentiation-promoting GATA4, GATA6, POU5F1 and HNF4 transcription factors, steady levels of stemness-promoting SOX-2 and low levels of Nanog, as defined by PCR. The hESC-derived hepatocytes expressed alpha-antitrypsin, CD81, cytokeratin 8 and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein and proliferation marker Ki-67 in hESC-derived hepatocytes remained elevated. Unlike stem cells, the hESC-derived hepatocytes performed LDL uptake, produced albumin and alanine aminotransferase and had functional alcohol dehydrogenase. CONCLUSION We report a novel protocol for hESC differentiation into morphological and functional yet immature hepatocytes as an alternative method for hepatocyte generation.
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Thumanu K, Tanthanuch W, Ye D, Sangmalee A, Lorthongpanich C, Parnpai R, Heraud P. Spectroscopic signature of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocytes using synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:057005. [PMID: 21639583 DOI: 10.1117/1.3580253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy for liver regeneration has been proposed to overcome the persistent shortage in the supply of suitable donor organs. A requirement for this to succeed is to find a rapid method to detect functional hepatocytes, differentiated from embryonic stem cells. We propose Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy as a versatile method to identify the early and last stages of the differentiation process leading to the formation of hepatocytes. Using synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy, the means of identifying hepatocytes at the single-cell level is possible and explored. Principal component analysis and subsequent partial least-squares (PLS) discriminant analysis is applied to distinguish endoderm induction from hepatic progenitor cells and matured hepatocyte-like cells. The data are well modeled by PLS with endoderm induction, hepatic progenitor cells, and mature hepatocyte-like cells able to be discriminated with very high sensitivity and specificity. This method provides a practical tool to monitor endoderm induction and has the potential to be applied for quality control of cell differentiation leading to hepatocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Soto-Gutierrez A, Navarro-Alvarez N, Yagi H, Nahmias Y, Yarmush ML, Kobayashi N. Engineering of an hepatic organoid to develop liver assist devices. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:815-22. [PMID: 20573303 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x508933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based technologies to support/restore liver function represent one of the most promising opportunities in the treatment of acute liver failure. However, the understanding of the constituent cell types that interact to achieve liver-specific structure and function has not been achieved in the development of liver assist devices (LADs). Here we show that hepatocytes migrated toward and adhered and formed sinusoids-like structures in conjunction with liver nonparenchymal cells, and that this liver organoid formed sophisticated tissue after 7 days in an implanted LAD in rodents. Hepatocytes only or in combination with human nonparenchymal liver cell lines (endothelial, cholangiocytes, and stellate cells) were cultured in Matrigel. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the hepatocyte-decorated endothelial vascular structures resemble in vivo sinusoids containing plate-like structures, bile canaliculi, and lumen. The sinusoid-like structures retained albumin secretion and drug metabolism capabilities. In addition, LADs containing cocultures of human liver nonparenchymal cells were transplanted in animals for a week; the liver tissue formed sophisticated structures resembling the liver. These results demonstrate the importance of nonparenchymal cells in the cellular composition of LADs. The novelty of the culture's sinusoid-like organization and function strongly support the integration of liver nonparenchymal units into hepatocyte coculture-based LADs as a potential destination therapy for liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
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Soto-Gutierrez A, Yagi H, Uygun BE, Navarro-Alvarez N, Uygun K, Kobayashi N, Yang YG, Yarmush ML. Cell delivery: from cell transplantation to organ engineering. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:655-65. [PMID: 20525441 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x508753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell populations derived from adult tissue and stem cells possess a great expectation for the treatment of several diseases. Great efforts have been made to generate cells with therapeutic impact from stem cells. However, it is clear that the development of systems to deliver such cells to induce efficient engraftment, growth, and function is a real necessity. Biologic and artificial scaffolds have received significant attention for their potential therapeutic application when use to form tissues in vitro and facilitate engraftment in vivo. Ultimately more sophisticated methods for decellularization of organs have been successfully used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. These decellularized tissues and organs appear to provide bioactive molecules and bioinductive properties to induce homing, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. The combination of decellularized organs and stem cells may dramatically improve the survival, engraftment, and fate control of transplanted stem cells and their ultimate clinical utility, opening the doors to a new era of organ engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Boston, MA 76104, USA.
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Chapin RE, Stedman DB. Endless Possibilities: Stem Cells and the Vision for Toxicology Testing in the 21st Century. Toxicol Sci 2009; 112:17-22. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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