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Burger P, Steur LMH, Polderman JAW, Twisk JWR, Lindeboom R, Gemke RJBJ. Sleep disturbances in hospitalized children: a wake-up call. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:4063-4072. [PMID: 38958694 PMCID: PMC11322318 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Although sleep is essential for (recovery of) health, it is adversely affected by hospitalization, due to disease discomfort, environmental noise, and care routines, causing reduced sleep and increased disturbances. This study evaluates factors affecting sleep quality and quantity in hospitalized children and compares inpatient sleep with sleep at home. Using an observational, prospective study design, we assessed sleep in hospitalized children aged 1-12 years, admitted to a tertiary center, and compared this with home 6-8 weeks after discharge. We measured total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency, awakenings, and subjective sleep quality, using actigraphy, sleep diaries, and PROMIS questionnaires. We explored an array of sleep-disturbing factors. Regression analyses identified key determinants affecting sleep patterns, while mixed linear models compared sleep in hospital to sleep at home. Out of 621 eligible patients, 467 were invited, and 272 (58%) consented to participate. Key determinants of sleep included pain, number of previous admissions, (underlying) chronic illness, and environment-, staff-, and disease-related factors. Parents reported lower perceived sleep quality in the hospital compared to at home, 97-min (SE 9) lower TST, 100-min (5) longer WASO, more difficulties with falling asleep, lower sleep satisfaction, and more awakenings. Actigraphy outcomes revealed shorter TST (20 min (6)), but better sleep efficiency and fewer awakenings in the hospital. Conclusion: Sleep in hospital was compromised in comparison to sleep at home, primarily due to disturbances related to treatment, environment, and staff. These findings underscore the necessity and potential of relative simple interventions to improve sleep quality and minimize sleep disturbances in hospitalized children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Burger
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsay M H Steur
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Lindeboom
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud J B J Gemke
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Lechosa-Muñiz C, Ruiz-Azcona L, Belmonte EP, Paz-Zulueta M, Cabero-Pérez MJ. Impact of an Intervention Aimed at Improving Sleep Quality in Hospitalized Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:848. [PMID: 39062297 PMCID: PMC11276261 DOI: 10.3390/children11070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalized children need adequate sleep to favor early recovery. METHODS To study the sleep pattern of children admitted to a pediatric inpatient unit, a cross-sectional study was carried out at a reference hospital in northern Spain. The main study variables were medical specialty of admission, sleep-inducing treatment, hours of sleep at home and during admission, number of nocturnal awakenings, and reasons for awakening. Differences in the hours of sleep and nighttime awakenings between the initial period and at six months were calculated using the Student's t-test. RESULTS We included 100 baseline patients and 100 post-intervention patients. Up to 4% of the baseline sample and 3% of the six-month sample had been prescribed a sleep-promoting drug. Regarding awakenings, 79% of the children in the baseline sample suffered awakenings, with a mean of 1.98 awakenings (range 1-13). At six months, the percentage of children who experienced awakenings decreased by 17%, with a mean of 1.34 (range 1-5). In the baseline sample, 48% were caused by nursing care, decreasing to 34% after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS An educational intervention with the implementation of targeted evidence-based practices is a useful measure for improving the sleep pattern by decreasing the number of awakenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lechosa-Muñiz
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Pediatrics Section, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Global Health Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Elena Pérez Belmonte
- Pediatrics Section, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - María Paz-Zulueta
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cabero-Pérez
- Pediatrics Section, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Strang AR, Uribe D, Rappaport D, Rani S, Chidekel A. Evaluating Sleep Challenges in Hospitalized Youth. Cureus 2024; 16:e63302. [PMID: 39070305 PMCID: PMC11283317 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize sleep quality and sleep disruptions among youth hospitalized outside of the intensive care unit (ICU). PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants were eligible for the survey-based study if they were 8-17 years old, English-speaking, hospitalized for ≥3 days outside of the ICU, and developmentally able to understand surveys. Survey administration included a sleep diary, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD), and a study-specific Inpatient Sleep Disruptors Questionnaire. The chart review provided additional clinical information. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed to assess the association between overnight clinical monitoring and daytime sleepiness. RESULTS Forty-five participants (mean age 13.4 years, 60% female), recruited between May and December 2022, were included in the study. Mean total sleep time (8.2 ± 1.7 hours) and ESS-CHAD score (8.6 ± 4.3) were normal with 79% reporting fair to good sleep the previous night. Participants rated alarms on equipment, vital signs, and noise as most disruptive to sleep. Participants with vital signs every four hours showed higher levels of daytime sleepiness compared with participants with vitals measured every shift (9.3 vs. 6.3; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Most participants reported normal sleep, although there was wide variability with a portion with impaired sleep quality and elevated daytime sleepiness. Alarms on equipment, vital signs, and noise were most disruptive, and increased vital sign frequency was also associated with increased daytime sleepiness. In clinically stable pediatric patients, a reduction in vital sign monitoring overnight may be an important change to improve patient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Strang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, USA
| | - Daniela Uribe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, USA
| | - David Rappaport
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, USA
| | - Seema Rani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, USA
| | - Aaron Chidekel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, USA
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van der Perk CJ, Burger P, Maaskant J, Gemke RJBJ. Parents' Experiences and Perspectives of Their Child's Sleep Quality During Hospitalization. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:755-763. [PMID: 37496367 PMCID: PMC11103915 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231188223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is essential for maintenance and restoration of health, yet studies exploring this in hospitalized children are scarce. In a qualitative study, we assessed the perceived quality of sleep, factors affecting sleep, and the role of health care professionals in the sleep environment for hospitalized children aged 1 to 12 years. Data were obtained from 11 semi-structured, audio-recorded, and verbatim-transcribed interviews with parents, and analyzed using a systematic thematic analysis. The interviews were coded based on iterative assessment of transcripts. Subsequently, categories and interpretative main themes were identified. Four themes emerged: (1) being informed, keeping informed; (2) coordination of care; (3) parents as main advocates for their child's sleep; and (4) environmental disturbers. Parents reported differences in their child's sleep quality during hospital compared with home. Sleep is substantially affected during hospitalization, prompting the need for interventions to improve the quality of sleep of children. Parents provided valuable suggestions for improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cor-Jan van der Perk
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pia Burger
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Maaskant
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud J. B. J. Gemke
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pattabi A, Nazarene A, Varghese S, Hassan SM, Nashwan AJ, Patil SK, Singh K. Assessing child satisfaction and expectations for developing a child-friendly environment at the pediatric department in a general hospital in Qatar. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1279033. [PMID: 38774295 PMCID: PMC11106397 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1279033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background "Patient-centered" care positions the patient at the core and emphasizes fulfilling their unique needs, preferences, and values. This approach is particularly significant in the context of children. Although widely recognized as necessary, this approach is not universally implemented. The children find themselves in hospital wards where they are required to follow protocols and systems designed primarily for adults. In the appropriate atmosphere, children often express themselves more effectively through words, body language, and play, leading to a richer understanding of their needs. There is growing recognition of the importance of addressing children's concerns regarding hospital environments. Aim This study investigates children's satisfaction with the physical aspect of the hospital environment. Insights from this exploration could provide valuable input for creating hospital environments centered around children's needs and preferences. Methods This mixed-methods study involves children aged 6-14 years with parental consent from a premiere healthcare provider in the state of Qatar. The survey used nine items to gauge satisfaction with the existing hospital environment as a "child-friendly hospital" and another nine items to explore their expectations for such environments. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests as well as thematic analyses were employed to assess the statistical significance of differences in satisfaction levels and children's expectations of the hospital's physical environment. Results A total of 398 children participated in the study. Of them, 40.3% were aged 6-8 years; 60.3% had experienced two to five hospital visits; 55.8% of children participated during their outpatient service visit; and 31.7% were Asian. Children's satisfaction levels with various aspects of the hospital environment-including its physical appearance, signage, lounge, consultant rooms, corridors, bedrooms, TV content, toys, and staff uniforms-were in the range of 42.9%-59%. The children expressed a desire for a hospital environment that is spacious, colorful, attractive, and filled with cartoon characters and toys in the children's hospital from the front lounge to the inpatient units. Conclusion The findings underline the importance of considering the perspectives of children in evidence-based healthcare design. The study reveals that children's satisfaction with the hospital environment is generally average or below average. Ultimately, a "child-friendly hospital environment" integrates children's rights into healthcare to significantly improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amudha Pattabi
- Nursing and Midwifery Education Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ananth Nazarene
- Mental Health Services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sejo Varghese
- Mental Health Services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
- Department of Nursing Education and Practice Development, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surekha Kiran Patil
- Nursing and Midwifery Education Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Kadura S, Poulakis A, Roberts DE, Arora VM, Darrow SN, Eisner L, Ibarra M, Lin J, Wang L, Pigeon WR. Sleeping with one cerebrum open: patient and staff perceptions of sleep quality and quantity on an inpatient neurology unit. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:619-629. [PMID: 38063214 PMCID: PMC10985310 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate perceptions of sleep disruptions among patients and staff in the inpatient neurology setting. The objectives were to explore the differences between these groups regarding factors that impact sleep, identify the most significant sleep disruptions, and examine the barriers and opportunities suggested to improve inpatient sleep. METHODS A survey-based observational study was conducted on a 25-bed inpatient neurology unit at an academic medical center. Staff and patients completed the Potential Hospital Sleep Disruptions and Noises Questionnaire, and focus groups were held to gather qualitative data. Patient-reported sleep measures were collected for additional assessment. Responses were dichotomized for comparison. Regression models were used to assess associations between disruptors and patient-reported sleep measures. Qualitative thematic analyses were performed. RESULTS Forty-nine inpatient staff and 247 patients completed sleep surveys. Top primary patient diagnoses included stroke, epilepsy, autoimmune diseases, and psychogenic nonepileptic attacks. Medical interventions, environmental factors, patient-related factors, and unit workflows emerged as key themes related to sleep disruptions. Patient-reported sleep efficiency was significantly reduced when pain, anxiety, stress, temperature, and medication administration disrupted sleep. Staff perspectives highlighted medical interventions as most disruptive to sleep, while patients did not find them as disruptive as expected. CONCLUSIONS Differing perspectives on sleep disruption exist between staff and patients in the inpatient neurology setting. Medical interventions may be overstated in staff perceptions and inpatient sleep research, as pain, anxiety, and stress had the most significant impact on patient-reported sleep efficiency. CITATION Kadura S, Poulakis A, Roberts DE, et al. Sleeping with one cerebrum open: patient and staff perceptions of sleep quality and quantity on an inpatient neurology unit. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(4):619-629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullafa Kadura
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Alexander Poulakis
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Debra E. Roberts
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Vineet M. Arora
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephanie N. Darrow
- Department of Operations Excellence, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Lauren Eisner
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael Ibarra
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jennifer Lin
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Wilfred R. Pigeon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Thomas M, Fidler A, Stremler R, Weiss S, Orlov N. Advocating for a sleep-friendly hospital status. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e77. [PMID: 38307683 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Thomas
- Department Of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada; IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Andrea Fidler
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robyn Stremler
- Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelly Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicola Orlov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bitterfeld L, Mathias J, Waldron BP, Kranz C. Understanding the effects of overnight vital signs monitoring on sleep duration and disruptions in hospitalized children: A scoping review. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e10-e18. [PMID: 37442685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Overnight vital signs are typically taken every four hours on pediatric acute care units, despite limited evidence supporting the efficacy of this practice. Vital signs are often ordered and collected without considering the patient's clinical status or potential impact that they may have on sleep. We sought to understand the impact that overnight vital sign monitoring has on sleep duration and disruptions among hospitalized children in an acute care setting. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We conducted a scoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies were included if they addressed the relationship between vital signs monitoring and sleep among children hospitalized in an acute care unit. SAMPLE Eleven studies from 2012 to 2022 were included in the final review. RESULTS Vital signs monitoring is the most common sleep disruptor among hospitalized children in acute care units and early evidence suggests that minimizing overnight vital signs may be a safe intervention for clinically stable children. Methods for measuring sleep duration and disruptions are heterogenous and validated tools are not often used. Finally, nurses report comfort with forgoing overnight vital signs when their patient's clinical status is stable. CONCLUSION Despite a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy of every 4 h vital signs, overnight vital signs monitoring is consistently the greatest disruptor to sleep for hospitalized children. IMPLICATIONS Nurses should play a central role in guiding vital signs monitoring that maintains safety and improves sleep in hospitalized children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Bitterfeld
- Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, 100 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, United States of America.
| | - Julianne Mathias
- Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, 100 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, United States of America.
| | - Brianna Peterson Waldron
- Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, 100 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, United States of America.
| | - Clare Kranz
- Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, 100 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, United States of America.
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McGraw S, Palokas M, Harbour L. Nonpharmacological interventions to promote sleep and rest among hospitalized pediatric patients in general pediatric wards: a best practice implementation project. JBI Evid Implement 2023; 21:87-95. [PMID: 36375025 DOI: 10.1097/xeb.0000000000000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this implementation project was to improve compliance with best practice regarding nonpharmacological interventions used to promote sleep and rest in hospitalized pediatric patients in a nonintensive care setting. INTRODUCTION Hospitalized children endure numerous hindrances to sleep and rest, including, but not limited to, noise, pain, anxiety, and interruptions for nursing care. Evidence suggests that a multifaceted approach to sleep promotion can reduce the length of time to sleep onset and the length of nighttime awakenings. It is widely accepted, however, rarely practiced, that proven, low-cost, and noninvasive strategies exist to promote sleep and restoration of hospitalized pediatric patients, which fosters healing and recovery. METHODS This project used the JBI Evidence Implementation framework. A baseline audit of 22 nurses' and 31 patients'/parents'/caregivers' receipt of education on strategies to promote sleep and rest was obtained via survey; baseline data were also obtained from nurses regarding whether or not a multifaceted approach to sleep promotion is utilized and/or if an evidence-based protocol regarding sleep promotion is in place. Targeted strategies, including a protocol and nurse/patient education of multifaceted approaches to sleep, were then implemented, and a follow-up audit of 25 nurses and 32 patients/caregivers was completed. RESULTS Overall, postimplementation audits revealed 93% compliance with best practice, a 78% increase from baseline audits of 15%. Baseline data revealed poor knowledge of and/or compliance with each of the four audit criteria: nurse education on strategies to promote sleep and rest, the use of an evidence-based protocol regarding sleep promotion, a multifaceted approach to sleep promotion, and patient and/or caregiver education regarding sleep promotion. Postimplementation data, however, showed improvement in each of these areas. CONCLUSION Deficiencies in best practice recommendations for the promotion of sleep and rest in pediatric patients admitted to general wards were identified, interventions were implemented, and results were beneficial. Further investigation could be taken to assess the long-term effectiveness of interventions and/or sleep quality of patients while hospitalized. Moreover, postimplementation audits should be administered to parents near the end of their stay, after they have had time to implement optional interventions, if they choose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McGraw
- School of Nursing
- Mississippi Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michelle Palokas
- School of Nursing
- Mississippi Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lee Harbour
- Children's of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center
- Mississippi Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Alfakeh S, Mandili RL, Aljabri RN, Salaam SH, Hamad RO, Alhazmi HA, Samkari MA, Alahmadi RS, Fatani SZ, Bamaga AK, Khayat AM. Prevalence and Correlates of Sleep Disorders Among Pediatric Inpatients in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital. Cureus 2023; 15:e34871. [PMID: 36923188 PMCID: PMC10010750 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is possible to define sleep disorders as any disturbance in sleep timing, quality, or quantity that results in daytime distress and impairment in functioning that, in turn, affects the baseline functional status of an individual. Our study aimed to describe how sleep disorders might affect pediatric inpatients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) as well as estimate their prevalence (2021-2022). We assessed the sleep habits using questionnaires and analyzed and combined these data to create rankings to compare the different issues affecting sleep habits in pediatric patients. Methodology Two scoring systems were used in this study, namely (a) the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and (b) the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Analyses of the data were conducted using SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and GraphPad Prism version 8 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Results The prevalence of sleep disorders and their correlations were evaluated among 98 pediatric inpatients at KAUH, Saudi Arabia, between 2021 and 2022. The average duration of hospital stay was 11.97 ± 11.0 days (N = 78), and the average number of previous admissions was 2.85 ± 3.7 (N = 93). Conclusions According to the sleep behavior domain of the CSHQ, most children woke up sweating, screaming, and inconsolable during the night. Furthermore, bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety were the most prevalent sleep disturbances observed in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulhi Alfakeh
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rahaf L Mandili
- General Practice, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rajwa N Aljabri
- General Practice, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Shaimaa H Salaam
- General Practice, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Renad O Hamad
- Medical School, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hussam A Alhazmi
- General Practice, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Maan A Samkari
- Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Shouq Z Fatani
- General Practice, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
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McDaniel LM, Seshadri N, Tackett S, Ralston SL. Interventions Associated With Increased Nighttime Room Entries in General Medical Patients. Hosp Pediatr 2023; 13:61-65. [PMID: 36572634 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sleep is vital to recovery from illness, yet it is frequently interrupted in the hospital setting. Existing literature relying on survey data identifies vitals, medications, and pulse oximetry as major disruptors to sleep. This study was designed to assess the degree to which these candidate sleep disruptors are associated with objective room entries. METHODS Room entry sensors were placed on doors to 18 rooms on acute medical-surgical units at a tertiary academic center. The number of entries into rooms between 10 Pm and 6 Am were logged on patients admitted to hospital medicine services from March 2021 through February 2022. Medical records were reviewed to extract orders for vital sign frequency, medication timing, continuous pulse oximetry, and intravenous fluid use overnight. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate associations. RESULTS Room entry data were collected for 112 admissions and 192 patient-nights. There was an average of 7.8 room entries per patient-night. After adjustments for the other variables and for patients represented in multiple nights, vitals ordered every 4 hours were associated with a 1.3-fold increase in room entries (95% confidence interval 1.0-1.5; P = .013), as were medications scheduled during overnight hours (1.3; 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.5; P = .016). There was no association between room entries and continuous pulse oximetry use. After adjustment, there was also no association with administration of intravenous fluids. CONCLUSIONS Vitals ordered every 4 hours and medications scheduled during sleep hours are independently associated with increased room entries and may be reasonable initial targets for quality improvement interventions designed to minimize nighttime disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M McDaniel
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children's Center
| | - Nilesh Seshadri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sean Tackett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center.,Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Data Management Core, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shawn L Ralston
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Burger P, Van den Ende ES, Lukman W, Burchell GL, Steur LM, Merten H, Nanayakkara PW, Gemke RJ. Sleep in hospitalized pediatric and adult patients - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med X 2022; 4:100059. [PMID: 36406659 PMCID: PMC9672415 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep is essential for recovery from illness. As a result, researchers have shown a growing interest in the sleep of hospitalized patients. Although many studies have been conducted over the past years, an up to date systematic review of the results is missing. Objective The objective of this systematic review was to assess sleep quality and quantity of hospitalized patients and sleep disturbing factors. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted within four scientific databases. The search focused on synonyms of 'sleep' and 'hospitalization'. Papers written in English or Dutch from inception to April 25th,2022 were included for hospitalized patients >1 year of age. Papers exclusively reporting about patients receiving palliative, obstetric or psychiatric care were excluded, as well as patients in rehabilitation and intensive care settings, and long-term hospitalized geriatric patients. This review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Results Out of 542 full text studies assessed for eligibility, 203 were included, describing sleep quality and/or quantity of 17,964 patients. The median sample size of the studies was 51 patients (IQR 67, range 6-1472). An exploratory meta-analysis of the Total Sleep Time showed an average of 7.2 h (95%-CI 4.3, 10.2) in hospitalized children, 5.7 h (95%-CI 4.8, 6.7) in adults and 5.8 h (95%-CI 5.3, 6.4) in older patients (>60y). In addition, a meta-analysis of the Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) showed a combined high average of 1.8 h (95%-CI 0.7, 2.9). Overall sleep quality was poor, also due to nocturnal awakenings. The most frequently cited external factors for poor sleep were noise and number of patients in the room. Among the variety of internal/disease-related factors, pain and anxiety were most frequently mentioned to be associated with poor sleep. Conclusion Of all studies, 76% reported poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep duration in hospitalized patients. Children sleep on average 0.7-3.8 h less in the hospital than recommended. Hospitalized adults sleep 1.3-3.2 h less than recommended for healthy people. This underscores the need for interventions to improve sleep during hospitalization to support recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Burger
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eva S. Van den Ende
- Section General Internal Medicine Unit Acute Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wen Lukman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - George L. Burchell
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lindsay M.H. Steur
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Merten
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Prabath W.B. Nanayakkara
- Section General Internal Medicine Unit Acute Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinoud J.B.J. Gemke
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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McDaniel LM, Ralston SL. How Routine are Routine Vital Signs? Hosp Pediatr 2022; 12:e235-e238. [PMID: 35757931 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2021-006505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Frequent measurement of vital signs has been associated with disruptions to sleep and increased nursing workload. Since vital signs are often measured at the same frequency regardless of patient acuity, there may be inappropriate prioritization of limited resources. We sought to understand what hospitalists report as the default frequency of routine vital sign measurement in hospitalized pediatric patients at academic institutions. METHODS We surveyed pediatric hospital medicine leadership at Association of American Medical Colleges-affiliated medical schools on their perception of routine vital signs in general medicine inpatients. RESULTS Survey requests were sent to individuals representing 140 unique hospitals. Responses were received from 74 hospitalists, representing a 53% response rate. Routine vitals were most commonly characterized as those collected every 4 hours (78%; 95% confidence interval, 67%-87%), though at least 1 in 5 hospitalists reported obtaining all or select vital signs (eg, blood pressure) less frequently. Strategies to decrease vital sign frequency varied. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest routine vital signs are not a normative concept across all patient populations in pediatrics. We further identify several conditions under which deviation from routines are sanctioned.
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14
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Paul GR, Hayes D, Tumin D, Gulati I, Jadcherla S, Splaingard ML. What Are the Factors Affecting Total Sleep Time During Video Polysomnography in Infants? Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:853-860. [PMID: 33111280 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate factors affecting total sleep time (TST) during infant polysomnography (PSG) and assess if <4 hours of TST is sufficient for accurate interpretation. STUDY DESIGN Overall, 242 PSGs performed in 194 infants <6 months of chronological age between March 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed to identify factors that affect TST, including age of infant, location and timing of study, presence of medical complexity, and presence of nasal tubes. A continuum of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in relation to TST was reviewed. Data were examined in infants who had TST <4 hours and low AHI. RESULTS Greater TST (p < 0.001) was noted among infants during nocturnal PSGs, at older chronological and post-menstrual ages, and without medical complexity. The presence of nasogastric/impedance probes reduced TST (p = 0.002). Elevated AHIs were identified even in PSGs with TST <4 hours. Short TST may have affected interpretation and delayed initial management in one infant without any inadvertent complications. CONCLUSION Clinical factors such as PMA and medical complexity, and potentially modifiable factors such as time of day and location of study appeared to affect TST during infant PSGs. TST < 4 hours can be sufficient to identify high AHI allowing physician interpretation. KEY POINTS · Less than 4 hours of TST is enough for interpretation of infant polysomnography.. · Shorter TST appears related to infant age, medical complexity, and higher apnea-hypopnea index.. · Modifiable factors seen with higher TST were time of day, environment, and presence of nasal tubes..
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Don Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dmitry Tumin
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Ish Gulati
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Mark L Splaingard
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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15
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Fidler AL, Voorhees S, Zhou ES, Stacciarini JM, Fedele DA. A systematic review and proposed conceptual model of sleep disturbances during pediatric hospitalizations. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac038. [PMID: 35554575 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The current review aims to examine factors that influence pediatric inpatient sleep and determine the effectiveness of sleep promotion interventions among hospitalized children. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases. Studies included children with a mean age between 1 and 18 years old that either described factors affecting the sleep of children who are hospitalized on a non-intensive care unit or reported on sleep-related intervention outcomes. We conducted separate narrative reviews for each of the two aims and then synthesized findings from quantitative and qualitative studies across both aims. RESULTS Forty-five articles were included for review. Despite most sleep disturbances being attributed to environmental disruptions (e.g. noise, staff interruptions), most interventions targeted the child level using relaxation techniques. Although the majority of interventions were small pilot studies, preliminary findings appear to positively impact sleep duration. The Pediatric Inpatient Sleep Model was proposed to illustrate connections between sleep disturbances, factors influencing sleep, and existing intervention components. CONCLUSIONS Replication studies are needed, including larger-scale sleep promotion interventions among hospitalized children. Given the identification of environmental factors as the main cause of night wakings, environmental modifications are crucial. Additional research examining contributors to intraindividual variability in disrupted sleep patterns during hospitalizations as well as the consequences of these disturbances is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Fidler
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sara Voorhees
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric S Zhou
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David A Fedele
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Lin HM, Macias C, McGee C, Ribbeck M, Drees D, Koti A, Perry MF. "Help Me Sleep": A Quality Initiative to Reduce Overnight Vital Signs. Hosp Pediatr 2022; 12:142-147. [PMID: 35048103 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2021-006250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sleep is an essential part of the recovery process, yet inpatient sleep quality is poor. Patients and families report that vital signs are the most bothersome overnight disruption. Obtaining vital signs every 4 hours (Q4H) is not evidence-based and is frequently ordered indiscriminately. We aimed to decrease the percentage of patient nights with vital sign checks between 12 am and 6 am in a low-risk population from 98% to 70% within 12 months to minimize overnight sleep disruptions and improve inpatient sleep. METHODS We conducted a quality improvement project on 3 pediatric hospital medicine teams at a large free-standing children's hospital. Our multidisciplinary team defined low-risk patients as those admitted for hyperbilirubinemia and failure to thrive. Interventions were focused around education, electronic health record decision support, and patient safety. The outcome measure was the percentage of patient nights without a vital sign measurement between 12 am and 6 am and was analyzed by using statistical process control charts. Our process measure was the use of an appropriate vital sign order. Balancing measures included adverse patient events, specifically code blues outside the ICU and emergent transfers. RESULTS From March 2020 to April 2021, our pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) services admitted 449 low-risk patients for a total of 1550 inpatient nights. The percentage of patient nights with overnight vital signs decreased from 98% to 38%. There were no code blues or emergent transfers. CONCLUSION Our improvement interventions reduced the frequency of overnight vital sign monitoring in 2 low-risk groups without any adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melanie Ribbeck
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David Drees
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ajay Koti
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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17
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Sampath R, Nayak R, Gladston S, Ebenezer K, Mudd SS, Peck J, Brenner MJ, Pandian V. Sleep disturbance and psychological distress among hospitalized children in India: Parental perceptions on pediatric inpatient experiences. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2022; 27:e12361. [PMID: 34676682 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate parental perceptions of children's sleep disturbance and psychological distress associated with an inpatient stay in a low-resource hospital setting. DESIGN AND METHODS Demographic and validated survey instruments were adapted for administration to parents of children in the medical wards of a tertiary hospital in India. Parents proficient in English, Hindi, Tamil, or Telugu with a child age 4-12 years admitted for at least 48 h were eligible to participate. All respondents completed the Factors Affecting Sleep Disturbance Scale, Sleep Duration Questionnaire, Sleep Disturbance Scale, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data analysis entailed descriptive statistics, correlations, and multivariate regressions to analyze relationships across responses on demographics, sleep disturbance, and psychological distress. RESULTS Among 105 parents with hospitalized children, most had children 4-6 years old (54%), including 65% boys and 35% girls. Parents reported that their children slept overnight in the hospital for a mean of 8.3 ± 1.6 h. Children 4-6 year old (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.63, p = .004), dyspnea (RRR = 8.73, p = .04), previous hospitalization (RRR = 9.17, p = .03), nighttime procedures (RRR = 2.97, p = .03, and missing home (RRR = 6.78, p < .001) were the factors affecting sleep. Factors affecting psychological distress was nighttime medication administration (RRR = 4.92, p = .01). Sleep disturbances correlated with psychological distress (r = 0.56; p < .01). CONCLUSION Sleep disturbance and associated psychological distress in hospitalized children were widely reported by parents queried in this low-resource hospital setting. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Nurses can lead efforts in ameliorating sleep in hospitalized children, including partnering with stakeholders on measures to reduce sleep disruption. Child-centered interventions may improve sleep hygiene and decrease psychological distress among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sampath
- Critical Care Nurse, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls church, Virginia, USA
| | - Ruma Nayak
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Shanthi Gladston
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Kala Ebenezer
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Shawna S Mudd
- Department of Nursing Faculty, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Peck
- Department of Nursing, Baylor University Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vinciya Pandian
- Department of Nursing Faculty, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Crous EC, North N. Sleep promotion for hospitalised children: Developing an evidence-based guideline for nurses. Curationis 2021; 44:e1-e10. [PMID: 34636624 PMCID: PMC8603136 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v44i1.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate sleep in hospitalised children is important for a variety of physiological and psychological processes associated with growth, development, and recovery from illness and injury. Hospitalisation often prioritises clinical care activities at the expense of age-appropriate sleep. Nurses and the wider healthcare team contribute to this paradox. However, through conscious practice and partnering with mothers, nurses are able to enact change and promote sleep. OBJECTIVES To adopt, adapt or contextualise existing guidelines to develop an evidence-based practice guideline to promote sleep-friendly ward environments and routines facilitated by nurses, and in partnership with mothers. METHOD A six-step methodology for guideline adaptation was followed, as recommended by the South African Guidelines Excellence project: (1) existing guidelines and protocols were identified and (2) appraised using the AGREE II instrument; (3) an evidence base was developed; (4) recommendations were modified, (5) assigned levels of evidence and grades of recommendation; and (6) end user guidance was developed. Expert consultation was sought throughout. RESULTS Existing relevant guidance comprised 61 adult-centric recommendations. Modification of the evidence base led to six composited recommendations that facilitate sleep in hospitalised children: (1) prioritising patient safety; (2) collaborating with the mother or caregiver to promote sleep; (3) coordinating ward routine and (4) environment to improve sleep; (5) work with clinical and non-clinical staff; and (6) performing basic sleep assessments. Practice recommendations were aligned to the South African regulatory framework for nursing. CONCLUSION Hospitalisation is a time of physiological and psychological dysregulation for children, which is amplified by poor sleep in a hospital. Nurses have the opportunity to promote sleep during hospitalisation by implementing this African-centric guideline in partnership with mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijeshca C Crous
- The Harry Crossley Children's Nursing Development Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
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19
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20
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Ramazani SN, Gottfried JA, Kaissi M, Lynn J, Leonard MS, Schriefer J, Bayer ND. Improving the Timing of Laboratory Studies in Hospitalized Children: A Quality Improvement Study. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:670-678. [PMID: 34158310 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-005793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For hospitalized children and their families, laboratory study collection at night and in the early morning interrupts sleep and increases the stress of a hospitalization. To change this practice, our quality improvement (QI) study developed a rounding checklist aimed at increasing the percentage of routine laboratory studies ordered for and collected after 7 am. METHODS Our QI study was conducted on the pediatric hospital medicine service at a single-site urban children's hospital over 28 months. Medical records from 420 randomly selected pediatric inpatients were abstracted, and 5 plan-do-study-act cycles were implemented during the intervention. Outcome measures included the percentage of routine laboratory studies ordered for and collected after 7 am. The process measure was use of the rounding checklist. Run charts were used for analysis. RESULTS The percentage of laboratory studies ordered for after 7 am increased from a baseline median of 25.8% to a postintervention median of 75.0%, exceeding our goal of 50% and revealing special cause variation. In addition, the percentage of laboratory studies collected after 7 am increased from a baseline median of 37.1% to 76.4% post intervention, with special cause variation observed. CONCLUSIONS By implementing a rounding checklist, our QI study successfully increased the percentage of laboratory studies ordered for and collected after 7 am and could serve as a model for other health care systems to impact provider ordering practices and behavior. In future initiatives, investigators should evaluate the effects of similar interventions on caregiver and provider perceptions of patient- and family-centeredness, satisfaction, and the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maha Kaissi
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital
| | - Justin Lynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital
| | - Michael S Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jan Schriefer
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital
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21
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Riehm JM, Arora VM, Tatineni S, Erondu A, Mozer CL, Cook DJ, Byron M, Mordell L, Ye F, Orlov NM. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nighttime room entries and sleep disruptions for pediatric patients. Sleep Med 2021; 84:76-81. [PMID: 34119840 PMCID: PMC8355071 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives/background Sleep is critical to recovery, but inpatient sleep is often disrupted. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing efforts to minimize spread may have improved hospitalized children's sleep by decreasing unnecessary overnight disruptions. This study aimed to describe the impact of these efforts on pediatric inpatient sleep using objective and subjective metrics. Methods Sleep disruptions for pediatric inpatients admitted prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared. Hand hygiene sensors tracking room entries were utilized to measure objective overnight disruptions for 69 nights pre-pandemic and 154 pandemic nights. Caregiver surveys of overnight disruptions, sleep quantity, and caregiver mood were adopted from validated tools: the Karolinska Sleep Log, Potential Hospital Sleep Disruptions and Noises Questionnaire, and Visual Analog Mood Scale. Results Nighttime room entries initially decreased 36% (95% CI: 30%, 42%, p < 0.001), then returned towards baseline, mirroring the COVID-19 hospital census. However, surveyed caregivers (n_pre = 293, n_post = 154) reported more disrupted sleep (p < 0.001) due to tests (21% vs. 38%), anxiety (23% vs. 41%), and pain (23% vs. 48%). Caregivers also reported children slept 61 fewer minutes (95% CI: −12 min, −110 min, p < 0.001). Caregivers self-reported feeling more sad, weary, and worse overall (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions Despite a decrease in objective room entries during the pandemic, caregivers reported their children were disrupted more and slept less. Caregivers also self-reported worse mood. This highlights the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective experiences of hospitalized children and their caregivers. Future work targeting stress and anxiety could improve pediatric inpatient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Riehm
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vineet M Arora
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Swetha Tatineni
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amarachi Erondu
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christine L Mozer
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Cook
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maxx Byron
- Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Mordell
- Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fanheng Ye
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicola M Orlov
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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22
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Sleep in hospitalized children and adolescents: A scoping review. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 59:101496. [PMID: 33984632 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hospitalized children and adolescents are at risk of short sleep and subsequent adverse health effects, but little is known about actual sleep duration, the factors that cause sleep disturbances in an inpatient pediatric setting, and what has been done to promote sleep in this population. The aim of this review was to systematically identify, categorize, and synthesize the literature on sleep in children and adolescents in an inpatient setting. We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus) and of the 3770 references identified, 28 were eligible for inclusion. From studies reporting age-specific sleep durations, we found that four out of nineteen fell within the National Sleep Foundations recommendations for age-specific sleep durations. Reported causes of sleep disturbances were primarily related to modifiable, external factors, e.g., nursing care activities and noise from equipment and other patients. Sleep-promoting interventions seemed acceptable to patients, parents, and healthcare professionals. However, the literature in this area is heterogeneous regarding methodology, reporting, and population characteristics. Our findings underline the importance of prioritizing and optimizing sleep in hospitalized pediatric patients and highlight the need for standardization in the planning and reporting of studies within this field.
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23
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Berger J, Zaidi M, Halferty I, Kudchadkar S. Sleep in the Hospitalized Child: A Contemporary Review. Chest 2021; 160:1064-1074. [PMID: 33895129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute illness and hospitalization introduce several risk factors for sleep disruption in children that can negatively affect recovery and healing and potentially compromise long-term cognition and executive function. The hospital setting is not optimized for pediatric sleep promotion, and many of the pharmacologic interventions intended to promote sleep in the hospital actually may have deleterious effects on sleep quality and quantity. To date, evidence to support pharmacologic sleep promotion in the pediatric inpatient setting is sparse. Therefore, nonpharmacologic interventions to optimize sleep-wake patterns are of highest yield in a vulnerable population of patients undergoing active neurocognitive development. In this review, we briefly examine what is known about healthy sleep in children and describe risk factors for sleep disturbances, available sleep measurement tools, and potential interventions for sleep promotion in the pediatric inpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Munfarid Zaidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Sapna Kudchadkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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24
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Mozer CL, Bhagat PH, Seward SA, Mason NR, Anderson SL, Byron M, Peirce LB, Konold V, Kumar M, Arora VM, Orlov NM. Optimizing Oral Medication Schedules for Inpatient Sleep: A Quality Improvement Intervention. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:327-333. [PMID: 33731336 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hospitalized children experience frequent nighttime awakenings. Oral medications are commonly administered around the clock despite the comparable efficacy of daytime administration schedules, which promote sleep. With this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a quality improvement initiative to increase the proportion of sleep-friendly antibiotic administration schedules. METHODS Interprofessional stakeholders modified computerized provider order entry defaults for 4 oral antibiotic medications, from around the clock to administration occurring exclusively during waking hours. Additionally, care-team members received targeted education. Outcome measures included the proportion of sleep-friendly administration schedules and patient caregiver-reported disruptions to sleep. Pre- and posteducation surveys were used to evaluate education effectiveness. Balancing measures were missed antibiotic doses and related escalations of care. RESULTS Interrupted time series analysis revealed a 72% increase (interceptpre: 18%; interceptpost: 90%; 95% confidence interval: 65%-79%; P < .001) in intercept for percentage of orders with sleep-friendly administration schedules (orders: n pre = 1014 and n post = 649). Compared with preeducation surveys, care-team members posteducation were more likely to agree that oral medications scheduled around the clock cause sleep disruption (resident: 71% pre, 90% post [P = .01]; nurse: 63% pre, 79% post [P = .03]). Although sleep-friendly orders increased, patient caregivers reported an increase in sleep disruption due to medications (pre 28%, post 46%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS A simple, low-cost intervention of computerized provider order entry default modifications and education can increase the proportion of sleep-friendly oral antibiotic administration schedules for hospitalized children. Patient perception of sleep is impacted by multiple factors and often does not align with objective data. An increased focus on improving sleep during hospitalization may result in heightened awareness of disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Mozer
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Sarah A Seward
- IS Technology and Applications, Children's Wisconsin, West Allis, Wisconsin
| | - Noah R Mason
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Maxx Byron
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Leah B Peirce
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Victoria Konold
- Infectious Diseases and Virology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Madan Kumar
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Sections of Infectious Diseases and
| | - Vineet M Arora
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Nicola M Orlov
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; .,Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and
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Cook DJ, Arora VM, Chamberlain M, Anderson S, Peirce L, Erondu A, Ahmed F, Kilaru M, Edstrom E, Gonzalez M, Ridgeway R, Stanly S, LaFond C, Fromme HB, Clardy C, Orlov NM. Improving Hospitalized Children's Sleep by Reducing Excessive Overnight Blood Pressure Monitoring. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2019-2217. [PMID: 32817268 PMCID: PMC7461242 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although required for healing, sleep is often disrupted during hospitalization. Blood pressure (BP) monitoring can be especially disruptive for pediatric inpatients and has few clinical indications. Our aim in this pilot study was to reduce unnecessary overnight BP monitoring and improve sleep for pediatric inpatients. METHODS The intervention in June 2018 involved clinician education sessions and updated electronic health record (EHR) orders that enabled the forgoing of overnight BP checks. The postintervention period from July 2018 to May 2019 examined patient-caregiver surveys as outcome measures. These surveys measured inpatient sleep and overnight disruptions and were adopted from validated surveys: the Patient Sleep Questionnaire, expanded Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, and Potential Hospital Sleep Disruptions and Noises Questionnaire. Uptake of new sleep-friendly EHR orders was a process measure. Reported patient care escalations served as a balancing measure. RESULTS Interrupted time series analysis of EHR orders (npre = 493; npost = 1472) showed an increase in intercept for the proportion of patients forgoing overnight BP postintervention (+50.7%; 95% confidence interval 41.2% to 60.3%; P < .001) and a subsequent decrease in slope each week (-0.16%; 95% confidence interval -0.32% to -0.01%; P = .037). Statistical process control of surveys (npre = 263; npost = 131) showed a significant increase in sleep duration for patients older than 2, and nighttime disruptions by clinicians decreased by 19% (P < .001). Annual estimated cost savings were $15 842.01. No major adverse events in patients forgoing BP were reported. CONCLUSIONS A pilot study combining EHR changes and clinician education safely decreased overnight BP checks, increased pediatric inpatient sleep duration, and reduced nighttime disruptions by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Cook
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Vineet M. Arora
- Departments of Medicine and,Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Michael Chamberlain
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | - Leah Peirce
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Amarachi Erondu
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Farah Ahmed
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences and Innovation and
| | - Megha Kilaru
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences and Innovation and
| | - Eve Edstrom
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences and Innovation and
| | - Monica Gonzalez
- Comer Children’s Hospital, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rachel Ridgeway
- Comer Children’s Hospital, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Suja Stanly
- Comer Children’s Hospital, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cynthia LaFond
- Pediatrics and,Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences and Innovation and
| | - H. Barrett Fromme
- Pediatrics and,Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | - Nicola M. Orlov
- Pediatrics and,Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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