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Du L, He X, Fan X, Wei X, Xu L, Liang T, Wang C, Ke Y, Yung WH. Pharmacological interventions targeting α-synuclein aggregation triggered REM sleep behavior disorder and early development of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108498. [PMID: 37499913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by elevated motor behaviors and dream enactments in REM sleep, often preceding the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). As RBD could serve as a biomarker for early PD developments, pharmacological interventions targeting α-synuclein aggregation triggered RBD could be applied toward early PD progression. However, robust therapeutic guidelines toward PD-induced RBD are lacking, owing in part to a historical paucity of effective treatments and trials. We reviewed the bidirectional links between α-synuclein neurodegeneration, progressive sleep disorders, and RBD. We highlighted the correlation between RBD development, α-synuclein aggregation, and neuronal apoptosis in key brainstem regions involved in REM sleep atonia maintenance. The current pharmacological intervention strategies targeting RBD and their effects on progressive PD are discussed, as well as current treatments for progressive neurodegeneration and their effects on RBD. We also evaluated emerging and potential pharmacological solutions to sleep disorders and developing synucleinopathies. This review provides insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic targets underlying RBD and PD, and explores bidirectional treatment effects for both diseases, underscoring the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Du
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Innovative Pharmaceutics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoli He
- Institute of Medical Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonuo Fan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Xiaoya Wei
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Linhao Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tuo Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Innovative Pharmaceutics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhou C, Gu M, Yin L, Yin W, Liu J, Zhu Y, Yin K, Lei C, Xu Z, Yang X. Low serum uric acid levels may be a potential biomarker of poor sleep quality in patients with Parkinson's disease. Sleep Med 2023; 105:9-13. [PMID: 36934617 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathogenesis of sleep disorders in PD patients remains unclear. Previous studies have implicated oxidative stress in sleep disorders associated with PD. Considering uric acid (UA) acts as a natural antioxidant, in this study, we aimed to assess the use of serum UA as a potential biomarker of sleep disorder in PD patients. METHODS This study recruited 149 PD patients and 84 Age- and sex-matched individuals. According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, PD patients were divided into three groups, good (≤5), intermediate (6-10), and poor (>10). Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were also performed to identify clinical features and serum UA levels that help establish an accurate diagnostic model for poor sleep quality in PD patients. RESULTS PD patients who experienced poor sleep quality had lower serum UA levels. PSQI scores have significant negative relationships with serum UA levels and significant positive relationships with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores in PD. Poor sleep quality was independently associated with serum UA levels and HAMD scores. A serum UA level of 328.7 μmol/L and HAMD scores of 19.5 could distinguish PD patients with poor or intermediate sleep to a certain extent, sensitivity of 79.4% and specificity of 76.6%. CONCLUSIONS Low serum UA levels may correlate with the severity of sleep disorder in PD patients and may serve as a biomarker for poor sleep quality in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Meijuan Gu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Weifang Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yongyun Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Kangfu Yin
- Department of Neurology, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Chunyan Lei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zhong Xu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Davin A, Chabardès S, Belaid H, Fagret D, Djaileb L, Dauvilliers Y, David O, Torres-Martinez N, Piallat B. Early onset of sleep/wake disturbances in a progressive macaque model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17499. [PMID: 36261689 PMCID: PMC9581909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonian patients often experience sleep/wake disturbances, which may appear at an early stage of the disease; however, these disturbances have not been fully described. To better understand the evolution of these disturbances with respect to disease progression, we aimed to characterize these clinical signs in a progressive nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease. Three adult macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were equipped with a polysomnographic telemetry system allowing the characterization of sleep/wake behavior via long-term neurophysiological recordings and underwent a modified multiple sleep latency test. Experiments were first performed in a healthy state and then during the progressive induction of a parkinsonian syndrome by intramuscular injections of low doses of MPTP. We observed an early onset of significant sleep/wake disturbances (i.e., before the appearance of motor symptoms). These disturbances resulted in (i) a disorganization of nighttime sleep with reduced deep sleep quality and (ii) an excessive daytime sleepiness characterized by sleep episodes occurring more rapidly in the morning and spreading through the middle of the day. The present study suggests that nighttime and daytime sleep/wake disturbances may appear early in the disease and should be considered in the development of biomarkers in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Davin
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec, 38000 Grenoble, France ,grid.450307.50000 0001 0944 2786Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphan Chabardès
- grid.450307.50000 0001 0944 2786Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France ,grid.410529.b0000 0001 0792 4829Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hayat Belaid
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Fagret
- grid.410529.b0000 0001 0792 4829UMR Inserm, 1039, Department Nuclear Medecine, University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Loic Djaileb
- grid.410529.b0000 0001 0792 4829UMR Inserm, 1039, Department Nuclear Medecine, University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Center of Sleep Disorders, INM Inserm, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier David
- grid.450307.50000 0001 0944 2786Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France ,grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Napoléon Torres-Martinez
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Brigitte Piallat
- grid.450307.50000 0001 0944 2786Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Bukhtiyarova O, Chauvette S, Seigneur J, Timofeev I. Brain states in freely behaving marmosets. Sleep 2022; 45:6586531. [PMID: 35576961 PMCID: PMC9366652 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives We evaluated common marmosets as a perspective animal model to study human sleep and wake states. Methods Using wireless neurologger recordings, we performed longitudinal multichannel local field potential (LFP) cortical, hippocampal, neck muscle, and video recordings in three freely behaving marmosets. The brain states were formally identified using self-organizing maps. Results Marmosets were generally awake during the day with occasional 1–2 naps, and they slept during the night. Major electrographic patterns fall in five clearly distinguished categories: wakefulness, drowsiness, light and deep NREM sleep, and REM. Marmosets typically had 14–16 sleep cycles per night, with either gradually increasing or relatively low, but stable delta power within the cycle. Overall, the delta power decreased throughout the night sleep. Marmosets demonstrated prominent high amplitude somatosensory mu-rhythm (10–15 Hz), accompanied with neocortical ripples, and alternated with occipital alpha rhythm (10–15 Hz). NREM sleep was characterized with the presence of high amplitude slow waves, sleep spindles and ripples in neocortex, and sharp-wave-ripple complexes in CA1. Light and deep stages differed in levels of delta and sigma power and muscle tone. REM sleep was defined with low muscle tone and activated LFP with predominant beta-activity and rare spindle-like or mu-like events. Conclusions Multiple features of sleep–wake state distribution and electrographic patterns associated with behavioral states in marmosets closely match human states, although marmoset have shorter sleep cycles. This demonstrates that marmosets represent an excellent model to study origin of human electrographical rhythms and brain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bukhtiyarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Université Laval , Québec (Québec) , Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre , Québec (Québec) , Canada
| | | | | | - Igor Timofeev
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Université Laval , Québec (Québec) , Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre , Québec (Québec) , Canada
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Cao R, Ma R, Wang K, Hu P. Association Between Dopaminergic Medications and the Evolution of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:880583. [PMID: 35756917 PMCID: PMC9226298 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.880583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is closely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), however, the influence of dopaminergic replacement therapy (DRT) on the clinical course of RBD in PD remains less understood. The objective of our study is to investigate how DRTs modify the evolution of RBD in a longitudinal cohort study of initially de novo PD patients. Four hundred and five drug-naive patients with early-stage PD were included. RBD symptoms were assessed using the 10-item RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) at baseline and during the 5-year follow-up. A generalized estimating equation was used to examine predictors of the evolution of RBD symptoms. For patients without baseline pRBD, patients on levodopa treatment showed a greater increase in RBDSQ scores than those not on levodopa treatment, and the increase in RBDSQ scores was significantly correlated with the levodopa-LEDD. Moreover, the changes in RBDSQ scores at a given post-baseline visit were significantly associated with the use of levodopa (OR = 1.875, p = 0.008) and the combined use of levodopa and DA (OR = 2.188, p = 0.012), as well as the levodopa-LEDD (OR = 1.001, p = 0.005) at that visit. The use of DA alone or the DA-LEDD was not a significant predictor of changes in RBDSQ scores. Similarly, a conversion from pRBD negative to pRBD positive was significantly associated with levodopa-LEDD (OR = 1.001, p = 0.014) but not DA-LEDD. Together, these finding implicated that the use of levodopa may act as a contributing factor to the increasing prevalence of RBD after the onset of PD, suggesting different mechanisms underlying prodromal RBD and late-onset RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Ruolin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China
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6
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Philippens IHCHM, Draaisma L, Baarends G, Krugers HJ, Vermetten E. Ketamine treatment upon memory retrieval reduces fear memory in marmoset monkeys. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 50:1-11. [PMID: 33915317 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emotionally arousing experiences are retained very well as seen in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Various lines of evidence indicate that reactivation of these memories renders them labile which offers a potential time-window for intervention. We tested in non-human primates whether ketamine, administered during fear memory reactivation, affected passive (inhibitory) avoidance learning. For the consolidation of contextual emotional memory, the unescapable foot-shock paradigm in a passive avoidance task with two compartments (dark vs illuminated) was used. After entering the dark compartment, marmoset monkeys received four random foot-shocks (1 mA, 4 s) within 15-min. This stressful exposure increased the saliva cortisol and heart rate and impaired REM-sleep (p<0.05). One week later the monkeys were re-exposed to the stressful situation for the reconsolidation of the fearful experience. During the re-exposure the monkeys were treated with ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline. In week 3, the monkeys were placed in the experimental setting to test their memory for the fearful experience. In contrast to the vehicle-treated monkeys, who avoided the dark compartment, the ketamine-treated monkeys entered the dark compartment that was previously associated with the fearful experience (p<0.05). Post-mortem analysis of the hippocampus showed that ketamine-treated animals exhibited less doublecortin positive neurons and BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus. This study reveals that a single low dose of ketamine, administered upon fear retrieval in monkeys, reduce contextual fear memory and attenuate neurogenesis in the hippocampus. These are important findings for considering ketamine as a potential candidate to target traumatic memories in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H C H M Philippens
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Animal Science Department, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
| | - Laurijn Draaisma
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Animal Science Department, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Guus Baarends
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Animal Science Department, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; ARQ National Psychotrauma Center, Diemen, the Netherlands
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Shadrina M, Slominsky P. Modeling Parkinson's Disease: Not Only Rodents? Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:695718. [PMID: 34421573 PMCID: PMC8377290 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.695718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common chronic progressive multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. In most cases, PD develops as a sporadic idiopathic disease. However, in 10%–15% of all patients, Mendelian inheritance of the disease is observed in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. To date, mutations in seven genes have been convincingly confirmed as causative in typical familial forms of PD, i.e., SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, PRKN, PINK1, GBA, and DJ-1. Family and genome-wide association studies have also identified a number of candidate disease genes and a common genetic variability at 90 loci has been linked to risk for PD. The analysis of the biological function of both proven and candidate genes made it possible to conclude that mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction, impaired exosomal transport, and immunological processes can play important roles in the development of the pathological process of PD. The mechanisms of initiation of the pathological process and its earliest stages remain unclear. The study of the early stages of the disease (before the first motor symptoms appear) is extremely complicated by the long preclinical period. In addition, at present, the possibility of performing complex biochemical and molecular biological studies familial forms of PD is limited. However, in this case, the analysis of the state of the central nervous system can only be assessed by indirect signs, such as the level of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral blood, and other biological fluids. One of the potential solutions to this problem is the analysis of disease models, in which it is possible to conduct a detailed in-depth study of all aspects of the pathological process, starting from its earliest stages. Many modeling options are available currently. An analysis of studies published in the 2000s suggests that toxic models in rodents are used in the vast majority of cases. However, interesting and important data for understanding the pathogenesis of PD can be obtained from other in vivo models. Within the framework of this review, we will consider various models of PD that were created using various living organisms, from unicellular yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and invertebrate (Nematode and Drosophila) forms to various mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shadrina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Slominsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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Preclinical Marmoset Model for Targeting Chronic Inflammation as a Strategy to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040388. [PMID: 33920929 PMCID: PMC8071309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aging population, modern society is facing an increasing prevalence of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is an age-related chronic neurodegenerative disorder for which no satisfying therapy exists. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the onset of AD is necessary to find targets for protective treatment. There is growing awareness of the essential role of the immune system in the early AD pathology. Amyloidopathy, the main feature of early-stage AD, has a deregulating effect on the immune function. This is reciprocal as the immune system also affects amyloidopathy. It seems that the inflammatory reaction shows a heterogeneous pattern depending on the stage of the disease and the variation between individuals, making not only the target but also the timing of treatment important. The lack of relevant translational animal models that faithfully reproduce clinical and pathogenic features of AD is a major cause of the delay in developing new disease-modifying therapies and their optimal timing of administration. This review describes the communication between amyloidopathy and inflammation and the possibility of using nonhuman primates as a relevant animal model for preclinical AD research.
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Koizumi M, Nogami N, Owari K, Kawanobe A, Nakatani T, Seki K. Motility Profile of Captive-Bred Marmosets Revealed by a Long-Term In-Cage Monitoring System. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:645308. [PMID: 33935661 PMCID: PMC8081884 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.645308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A quantitative evaluation of motility is crucial for studies employing experimental animals. Here, we describe the development of an in-cage motility monitoring method for new world monkeys using off-the-shelf components, and demonstrate its capability for long-term operation (e.g., a year). Based on this novel system, we characterized the motility of the common marmoset over different time scales (seconds, hours, days, and weeks). Monitoring of seven young animals belonging to two different age groups (sub-adult and young-adult) over a 231-day period revealed: (1) strictly diurnal activity (97.3% of movement during daytime), (2) short-cycle (∼20 s) transition in activity, and (3) bimodal diurnal activity including a "siesta" break. Additionally, while the mean duration of short-cycle activity, net daily activity, and diurnal activity changed over the course of development, 24-h periodicity remained constant. Finally, the method allowed for detection of progressive motility deterioration in a transgenic marmoset. Motility measurement offers a convenient way to characterize developmental and pathological changes in animals, as well as an economical and labor-free means for long-term evaluation in a wide range of basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazuhiko Seki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Murai T, Sukoff Rizzo SJ. The Importance of Complementary Collaboration of Researchers, Veterinarians, and Husbandry Staff in the Successful Training of Marmoset Behavioral Assays. ILAR J 2021; 61:230-247. [PMID: 33501501 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in marmosets as research models has seen exponential growth over the last decade, especially given that the research community is eager to improve on gaps with historical animal models for behavioral and cognitive disorders. The spectrum of human disease traits that present naturally in marmosets, as well as the range of analogous human behaviors that can be assessed in marmosets, makes them ideally suited as translational models for behavioral and cognitive disorders. Regardless of the specific research aims of any project, without close collaboration between researchers, veterinarians, and animal care staff, it would be impossible to meet these goals. Behavior is inherently variable, as are marmosets that are genetically and phenotypically diverse. Thus, to ensure rigor, reliability, and reproducibility in results, it is important that in the research environment, the animal's daily husbandry and veterinary needs are being met and align with the research goals while keeping the welfare of the animal the most critical and highest priority. Much of the information described herein provides details on key components for successful behavioral testing, based on a compendium of methods from peer-reviewed publications and our own experiences. Specific areas highlighted include habituation procedures, selection of appropriate rewards, optimization of testing environments, and ways to integrate regular veterinary and husbandry procedures into the research program with minimal disruptions to the behavioral testing plan. This article aims to provide a broad foundation for researchers new to establishing behavioral and cognitive testing paradigms in marmosets and especially for the veterinary and husbandry colleagues who are indispensable collaborators of these research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Murai
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Association between dopaminergic medications and REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease: a preliminary cohort study. J Neurol 2020; 267:2926-2931. [PMID: 32472180 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is highly comorbid with Parkinson's disease (PD). Emerging evidence suggests that dopamine-replacement therapies (DRTs) for PD may modify the course of RBD, yet the nature of the association between DRTs and RBD remains unclear. To begin addressing this issue, we conducted a preliminary retrospective study to document whether DRTs are associated with the occurrence of RBD symptoms in PD patients. METHODS The study included 250 PD patients who were screened for probable RBD via the RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ). For each patient, disease severity data were collected, in addition to their therapy and the associated levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD). The association between DRTs and RBDSQ scores was analyzed using logistic regression and correlation models. RESULTS RBD scores were found to be associated with the LEDD of levodopa alone, but not of dopaminergic agonists (mainly D2/D3 receptor agonists) or their combination with levodopa. This association was not accounted for patient age or Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) severity scores. CONCLUSIONS Our study detected a significant association between doses of levodopa and RBD symptoms in PD patients. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish what causal nexus may link these variables.
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Taguchi T, Ikuno M, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Animal Model for Prodromal Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061961. [PMID: 32183024 PMCID: PMC7139491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and subsequent motor symptoms, but various non-motor symptoms (NMS) often precede motor symptoms. Recently, NMS have attracted much attention as a clue for identifying patients in a prodromal stage of PD, which is an excellent point at which to administer disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). These prodromal symptoms include olfactory loss, constipation, and sleep disorders, especially rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), all of which are also important for elucidating the mechanisms of the initiation and progression of the disease. For the development of DMTs, an animal model that reproduces the prodromal stage of PD is also needed. There have been various mammalian models reported, including toxin-based, genetic, and alpha synuclein propagation models. In this article, we review the animal models that exhibit NMS as prodromal symptoms and also discuss an appropriate prodromal model and its importance for the development of DMT of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (R.T.); Tel.: +81-75-751-3767 (H.Y.); Tel.: +81-75-751-4397 (R.T.); Fax: +81-75-761-9780 (H.Y.); Fax: +81-75-761-9780 (R.T.)
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (R.T.); Tel.: +81-75-751-3767 (H.Y.); Tel.: +81-75-751-4397 (R.T.); Fax: +81-75-761-9780 (H.Y.); Fax: +81-75-761-9780 (R.T.)
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Lv DJ, Li LX, Chen J, Wei SZ, Wang F, Hu H, Xie AM, Liu CF. Sleep deprivation caused a memory defects and emotional changes in a rotenone-based zebrafish model of Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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González-Casacuberta I, Juárez-Flores DL, Morén C, Garrabou G. Bioenergetics and Autophagic Imbalance in Patients-Derived Cell Models of Parkinson Disease Supports Systemic Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:894. [PMID: 31551675 PMCID: PMC6748355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide affecting 2-3% of the population over 65 years. This prevalence is expected to rise as life expectancy increases and diagnostic and therapeutic protocols improve. PD encompasses a multitude of clinical, genetic, and molecular forms of the disease. Even though the mechanistic of the events leading to neurodegeneration remain largely unknown, some molecular hallmarks have been repeatedly reported in most patients and models of the disease. Neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, disrupted endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk, mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent bioenergetic failure, oxidative stress and autophagy deregulation, are amongst the most commonly described. Supporting these findings, numerous familial forms of PD are caused by mutations in genes that are crucial for mitochondrial and autophagy proper functioning. For instance, late and early onset PD associated to mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and Parkin (PRKN) genes, responsible for the most frequent dominant and recessive inherited forms of PD, respectively, have emerged as promising examples of disease due to their established role in commanding bioenergetic and autophagic balance. Concomitantly, the development of animal and cell models to investigate the etiology of the disease, potential biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are being explored. One of the emerging approaches in this context is the use of patient's derived cells models, such as skin-derived fibroblasts that preserve the genetic background and some environmental cues of the patients. An increasing number of reports in these PD cell models postulate that deficient mitochondrial function and impaired autophagic flux may be determinant in PD accelerated nigral cell death in terms of limitation of cell energy supply and accumulation of obsolete and/or unfolded proteins or dysfunctional organelles. The reliance of neurons on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and their post-mitotic nature, may explain their increased vulnerability to undergo degeneration upon mitochondrial challenges or autophagic insults. In this scenario, proper mitochondrial function and turnover through mitophagy, are gaining in strength as protective targets to prevent neurodegeneration, together with the use of patient-derived fibroblasts to further explore these events. These findings point out the presence of molecular damage beyond the central nervous system (CNS) and proffer patient-derived cell platforms to the clinical and scientific community, which enable the study of disease etiopathogenesis and therapeutic approaches focused on modifying the natural history of PD through, among others, the enhancement of mitochondrial function and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid González-Casacuberta
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-U722, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Luz Juárez-Flores
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-U722, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Morén
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-U722, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-U722, Madrid, Spain
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Yabumoto T, Yoshida F, Miyauchi H, Baba K, Tsuda H, Ikenaka K, Hayakawa H, Koyabu N, Hamanaka H, Papa SM, Hirata M, Mochizuki H. MarmoDetector: A novel 3D automated system for the quantitative assessment of marmoset behavior. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 322:23-33. [PMID: 30946879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callithrix jacchus, generally known as the common marmoset, has recently garnered interest as an experimental primate model for better understanding the basis of human social behavior, architecture and function. Modelling human neurological and psychological diseases in marmosets can enhance the knowledge obtained from rodent research for future pre-clinical studies. Hence, comprehensive and quantitative assessments of marmoset behaviors are crucial. However, systems for monitoring and analyzing marmoset behaviors have yet to be established. NEW METHOD In this paper, we present a novel multimodal system, MarmoDetector, for the automated 3D analysis of marmoset behavior under freely moving conditions. MarmoDetector allows the quantitative assessment of marmoset behaviors using computerised tracking analysis techniques that are based on a Kinect system equipped with video recordings, infrared images and depth analysis. RESULTS Using MarmoDetector, we assessed behavioral circadian rhythms continuously over several days in home cages. In addition, MarmoDetector detected acute, transient complex behaviors of alcohol injected marmosets. COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHOD Compared to 2D recording, MarmoDetector detects activities more precisely and is very sensitive as we could detect behavioral defects specifically induced by alcohol administration. CONCLUSION MarmoDetector facilitates the rapid and accurate analysis of marmoset behavior and will enhance research on the neural basis of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yabumoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduat School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Japan
| | | | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayakawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nozomu Koyabu
- The Institute of Large Laboratory Animal Sciences, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamanaka
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduat School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduat School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Bedard MA, Aghourian M, Legault-Denis C, Postuma RB, Soucy JP, Gagnon JF, Pelletier A, Montplaisir J. Brain cholinergic alterations in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder: a PET imaging study with 18F-FEOBV. Sleep Med 2019; 58:35-41. [PMID: 31078078 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) occurs frequently in patients with synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy body, or multiple system atrophy, but may also occur as a prodromal stage of those diseases; and is termed idiopathic RBD (iRBD) when not accompanied by other symptoms. Cholinergic degeneration of the mesopontine nuclei have been described in synucleinopathies with or without RBD, but this has not yet been explored in iRBD. We sought to assess cholinergic neuronal integrity in iRBD using PET neuroimaging with the 18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol (FEOBV). METHODS The sample included 10 participants evenly divided between healthy subjects and patients with iRBD. Polysomnography and PET imaging with FEOBV were performed in all participants. Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were compared between the two groups using voxel wise t-tests. Non-parametric correlations were also computed in patients with iRBD between FEOBV uptake and muscle tonic and phasic activity during REM sleep. RESULTS Compared with healthy participants, significantly higher FEOBV uptakes were observed in patients with iRBD. The largest differences were observed in specific brainstem areas corresponding to the bulbar reticular formation, pontine coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex, tegmental periacqueductal grey, and mesopontine cholinergic nuclei. FEOBV uptake in iRBD was also higher than in controls in the ventromedial area of the thalamus, deep cerebellar nuclei, and some cortical territories (including the paracentral lobule, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortex). Significant correlation was found between muscle activity during REM sleep, and SUVR increases in both the mesopontine area and paracentral cortex. CONCLUSION We showed here for the first time the brain cholinergic alterations in patients with iRBD. As opposed to the cholinergic depletion described previously in RBD associated with clinical Parkinson's disease, increased cholinergic innervation was found in multiple areas in iRBD. The most significant changes were observed in brainstem areas containing structures involved in the promotion of REM sleep and muscle atonia. This suggests that iRBD might be a clinical condition in which compensatory cholinergic upregulation in those areas occurs in association with the initial phases of a neurodegenerative process leading to a clinically observable synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Andre Bedard
- NeuroQAM Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Meghmik Aghourian
- NeuroQAM Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Camille Legault-Denis
- NeuroQAM Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- NeuroQAM Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Canada; Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada
| | - Amélie Pelletier
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Canada.
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Choudhury GR, Daadi MM. Charting the onset of Parkinson-like motor and non-motor symptoms in nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202770. [PMID: 30138454 PMCID: PMC6107255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease increasingly affecting our aging population. Remarkable advances have been made in developing novel therapies to control symptoms, halt or cure the disease, ranging from physiotherapy and small molecules to cell and gene therapy. This progress was enabled by the existence of reliable animal models. The nonhuman primate model of Parkinson’s disease emulates the cardinal symptoms of the disease, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, freezing and cognitive impairment. However, this model is established through the specific loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, while our current knowledge reflects the reality of Parkinson’s disease as a multisystem disease. Parkinson’s disease involves both motor and non-motor symptoms, such as sleep disturbance, olfaction, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, depression and cognitive deficits. Some of the non-motor symptoms emerge earlier at the prodromal phase and worsen with disease progression, yet in basic and translational studies, they are rarely considered as endpoints. In this study, we set to characterize an ensemble of less described motor and non-motor dysfunctions in the marmoset MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) model. We provide evidence that this animal model expresses postural head tremor and a progressive worsening of fine motor skills, movement coordination and cognitive abilities over a 6-month period. We report for the first time a non-invasive approach showing detailed analysis of daytime and nighttime sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance remarkably similar to Parkinson’s disease patients. This study describes the incidence of tremors, motor and non-motor dysfunctions in a preclinical model and highlights the need for their consideration in translating effective new therapeutic approaches for Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav R. Choudhury
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcel M. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Research Imaging Institute, Departments of Radiology, Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The REM sleep circuit and how its impairment leads to REM sleep behavior disorder. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:245-266. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Schapira AHV, Chaudhuri KR, Jenner P. Non-motor features of Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:435-450. [PMID: 28592904 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 997] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can be preceded, sometimes for several years, by non-motor symptoms that include hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression and constipation. These non-motor features appear across the spectrum of patients with PD, including individuals with genetic causes of PD. The neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological bases of non-motor abnormalities in PD remain largely undefined. Here, we discuss recent advances that have helped to establish the presence, severity and effect on the quality of life of non-motor symptoms in PD, and the neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological mechanisms involved. We also discuss the potential for the non-motor features to define a prodrome that may enable the early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, King's College London, Camberwell Road, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Newcomen Street, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Phillips KA, Ross CN, Spross J, Cheng CJ, Izquierdo A, Biju KC, Chen C, Li S, Tardif SD. Behavioral phenotypes associated with MPTP induction of partial lesions in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Behav Brain Res 2017; 325:51-62. [PMID: 28219749 PMCID: PMC5410665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with the core motor features of resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms also occur, and include cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, anosmia (loss of smell), and REM sleep disturbances. As the development of medications and other therapies for treatment of non-motor symptoms is ongoing, it is essential to have animal models that aid in understanding the neural changes underlying non-motor PD symptoms and serve as a testing ground for potential therapeutics. We investigated several non-motor symptoms in 10 adult male marmosets using the MPTP model, with both the full (n=5) and partial (n=5) MPTP dosing regimens. Baseline data in numerous domains were collected prior to dosing; assessments in these same domains occurred post-dosing for 12 weeks. Marmosets given the partial MPTP dose (designed to mimic the early stages of the disease) differed significantly from marmosets given the full MPTP dose in several ways, including behavior, olfactory discrimination, cognitive performance, and social responses. Importantly, while spontaneous recovery of PD motor symptoms has been previously reported in studies of MPTP monkeys and cats, we did not observe recovery of any non-motor symptoms. This suggests that the neurochemical mechanisms behind the non-motor symptoms of PD, which appear years before the onset of symptoms, are independent of the striatal dopaminergic transmission. We demonstrate the value of assessing a broad range of behavioral change to detect non-motor impairment, anosmia, and differences in socially appropriate responses, in the marmoset MPTP model of early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio TX, United States; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer Spross
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Catherine J Cheng
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alyssa Izquierdo
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio TX, United States
| | - K C Biju
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Cang Chen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Senlin Li
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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McKenna D, Peever J. Degeneration of rapid eye movement sleep circuitry underlies rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord 2017; 32:636-644. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Biological Timing and Cognition, Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - John Peever
- Centre for Biological Timing and Cognition, Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
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Non-human primate models of PD to test novel therapies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:291-324. [PMID: 28391443 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate (NHP) models of Parkinson disease show many similarities with the human disease. They are very useful to test novel pharmacotherapies as reviewed here. The various NHP models of this disease are described with their characteristics including the macaque, the marmoset, and the squirrel monkey models. Lesion-induced and genetic models are described. There is no drug to slow, delay, stop, or cure Parkinson disease; available treatments are symptomatic. The dopamine precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) still remains the gold standard symptomatic treatment of Parkinson. However, involuntary movements termed L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias appear in most patients after chronic treatment and may become disabling. Dyskinesias are very difficult to manage and there is only amantadine approved providing only a modest benefit. In this respect, NHP models have been useful to seek new drug targets, since they reproduce motor complications observed in parkinsonian patients. Therapies to treat motor symptoms in NHP models are reviewed with a discussion of their translational value to humans. Disease-modifying treatments tested in NHP are reviewed as well as surgical treatments. Many biochemical changes in the brain of post-mortem Parkinson disease patients with dyskinesias are reviewed and compare well with those observed in NHP models. Non-motor symptoms can be categorized into psychiatric, autonomic, and sensory symptoms. These symptoms are present in most parkinsonian patients and are already installed many years before the pre-motor phase of the disease. The translational usefulness of NHP models of Parkinson is discussed for non-motor symptoms.
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Blesa J, Trigo-Damas I, del Rey NLG, Obeso JA. The use of nonhuman primate models to understand processes in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:325-335. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ekimova IV, Simonova VV, Guzeev MA, Lapshina KV, Chernyshev MV, Pastukhov YF. Changes in sleep characteristics of rat preclinical model of Parkinson’s disease based on attenuation of the ubiquitin—proteasome system activity in the brain. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1234567816060057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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A New Perspective for Parkinson's Disease: Circadian Rhythm. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:62-72. [PMID: 27995565 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is manifested by the behavioral and physiological changes from day to night, which is controlled by the pacemaker and its regulator. The former is located at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus, while the latter is composed of clock genes present in all tissues. Circadian desynchronization influences normal patterns of day-night rhythms such as sleep and alertness cycles, rest and activity cycles. Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibits diurnal fluctuations. Circadian dysfunction has been observed in PD patients and animal models, which may result in negative consequences to the homeostasis and even exacerbate the disease progression. Therefore, circadian therapies, including light stimulation, physical activity, dietary and social schedules, may be helpful for PD patients. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the circadian dysfunction in PD remain elusive. Further research on circadian patterns is needed. This article summarizes the existing research on the circadian rhythms in PD, focusing on the clinical symptom variations, molecular changes, as well as the available treatment options.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common parasomnia disorder affecting between 1 and 7 % of community-dwelling adults, most frequently older adults. RBD is characterized by nocturnal complex motor behavior and polysomnographic REM sleep without atonia. RBD is strongly associated with synucleinopathy neurodegeneration. The approach to RBD management is currently twofold: symptomatic treatment to prevent injury and prognostic counseling and longitudinal follow-up surveillance for phenoconversion toward overt neurodegenerative disorders. The focus of this review is symptomatic treatment for injury prevention. Injury occurs in up to 55 % of patients prior to treatment, even when most behaviors seem to be infrequent or minor, so patients with RBD should be treated promptly following diagnosis to prevent injury risk. A sound evidence basis for symptomatic treatment of RBD remains lacking, and randomized controlled treatment trials are needed. Traditional therapeutic mainstays with relatively robust retrospective case series level evidence include melatonin and clonazepam, which appear to be equally effective, although melatonin is more tolerable. Melatonin also has one small randomized controlled crossover trial supporting its use for RBD treatment. Melatonin dosed 3-12 mg at bedtime should be considered as the first-line therapy, followed by clonazepam 0.25-2.0 mg at bedtime if initial melatonin is judged ineffective or intolerable. However, neither agent is likely to completely stop dream enactment behaviors, so choosing a moderate target dosage of melatonin 6 mg or clonazepam 0.5 mg, or the highest tolerable dosage that reduces attack frequency and avoids adverse effects from overtreatment, is currently the most reasonable strategy. Alternative second- and third-line therapies with anecdotal efficacy include temazepam, lorazepam, zolpidem, zopiclone, pramipexole, donepezil, ramelteon, agomelatine, cannabinoids, and sodium oxybate. A novel non-pharmacological approach is a bed alarm system, although this may be most useful in patients who also report sleep walking or a history of leaving their bed during dream enactment episodes. The benefit of hypnosis, especially in those with psychiatric RBD, also requires further study. RBD is an attractive target for future neuroprotective treatment trials to prevent evolution of overt parkinsonism or memory decline, but currently, there are no known effective treatments and future trials will be necessary to determine if RBD is an actionable time point in the evolution of overt synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsin Jung
- Center for Sleep Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Erik K St Louis
- Center for Sleep Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Wu H, Lan D, Chen Y, Zhao Z. Effects of Rotigotine on REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson Disease. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:1403-1409. [PMID: 27568909 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common manifestation of Parkinson disease (PD). In this study, we assessed the effects of rotigotine transdermal patch on RBD features in patients with PD. METHODS In this prospective open-label study, eleven PD patients with untreated RBD were administered rotigotine patches for up to seven months to ameliorate their parkinsonism. The severities of their RBD symptoms before and after rotigotine therapy were evaluated through patient and bed partner interviews, a validated evaluation scale (REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire-Hong Kong, RBDQ-HK), and blinded assessments based on video-polysomnographic (VPSG) measure. RESULTS Rotigotine improved parkinsonism and subjective sleep quality in PD patients with RBD. The RBDQ-HK total score, especially the Factor 2 score, was decreased, which demonstrated that the subjective severity of RBD symptoms was improved after rotigotine treatment, especially the frequency and severity of abnormal RBD-related motor behaviors. The VPSG analyses showed that the total sleep time (TST) and stage 1% were increased and that the PLMS index was decreased. However, no differences in the RBD-related sleep measures were observed. CONCLUSIONS The improved RBD symptoms and VPSG measures of PD patients in this study (TST, stage 1%, and PLMS index) suggest that, in PD, rotigotine may partially improve RBD-related symptoms. Rotigotine should be considered to be an optional drug for the treatment of RBD symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuechang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Sleep Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danmei Lan
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Sleep Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Amosova NA, Smolentseva IG, Guseinova PM, Maslyuk OA, Gavrilov EL. [Sleep disorders in the early stage of Parkinson's disease in untreated patients]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:77-81. [PMID: 27723714 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161166277-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of sleep and wakefulness occur in about 60-98% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The majority of research on the scale and nature of the disorders was performed in patients treated with antiparkinsonian drugs, and, therefore, the true picture of sleep disorders was interfering with side effects of therapy. The spectrum of these disorders in PD patients is broad and includes insomnia, parasomnia and hypersomnia. The main symptoms of insomnia are difficulty in maintaining sleep, associated with nocturia, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), night cramps, akinesia and tremor. The frequency of hypersomnia in PD patients not receiving antiparkinsonian drugs was comparable to that in healthy people. In some studies, hypersomnia is considered as an independent phenomenon of PD, and not associated with the quality of night's sleep or concomitant therapy. Parasomnias in PD patients at the early stage are manifested primarily by REM-sleep behavior disorder (RBD), which has been proven to be a predictor of development of PD. According to our data, insomnia, hypersomnia and RBD were identified in patients who did not receive antiparkinsonian drugs. The polysomnographic study showed the development of RBD in 25% of patients. In the analysis of the anamnesis, it was noted that in 8 cases sleep disorders appeared several years before the first motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Amosova
- 'Central state medical Academy' of Department for presidential Affairs of RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Smolentseva
- 'Central state medical Academy' of Department for presidential Affairs of RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - P M Guseinova
- A. I. Burnazyans Federal medical biophysical center, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Maslyuk
- 'Central state medical Academy' of Department for presidential Affairs of RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Gavrilov
- 'Central state medical Academy' of Department for presidential Affairs of RF, Moscow, Russia
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Zoetmulder M, Nikolic M, Biernat H, Korbo L, Friberg L, Jennum P. Increased Motor Activity During REM Sleep Is Linked with Dopamine Function in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson Disease. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:895-903. [PMID: 27070245 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by impaired motor inhibition during REM sleep, and dream-enacting behavior. RBD is especially associated with α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson disease (PD). Follow-up studies have shown that patients with idiopathic RBD (iRBD) have an increased risk of developing an α-synucleinopathy in later life. Although abundant studies have shown that degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is associated with daytime motor function in Parkinson disease, only few studies have investigated the relation between this system and electromyographic (EMG) activity during sleep. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the nigrostriatal dopamine system and muscle activity during sleep in iRBD and PD. METHODS 10 iRBD patients, 10 PD patients with PD, 10 PD patients without RBD, and 10 healthy controls were included and assessed with (123)I-N-omega-fluoropropyl-2-beta-carboxymethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT) Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning ((123)I-FP-CIT SPECT), neurological examination, and polysomnography. RESULTS iRBD patients and PD patients with RBD had increased EMG-activity compared to healthy controls. (123)I-FP-CIT uptake in the putamen-region was highest in controls, followed by iRBD patients, and lowest in PD patients. In iRBD patients, EMG-activity in the mentalis muscle was correlated to (123)I-FP-CIT uptake in the putamen. In PD patients, EMG-activity was correlated to anti-Parkinson medication. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that increased EMG-activity during REM sleep is at least partly linked to the nigrostriatal dopamine system in iRBD, and with dopamine function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Zoetmulder
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miki Nikolic
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heidi Biernat
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Korbo
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Friberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Jennum
- Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Arnaldi D, Latimier A, Leu-Semenescu S, De Carli F, Vidailhet M, Arnulf I. Does Postural Rigidity Decrease during REM Sleep without Atonia in Parkinson Disease? J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:839-47. [PMID: 26857056 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Rigidity is a muscle hypertonia typical of Parkinson disease (PD), whereas rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by abnormally increased muscle tone during REM sleep (REM sleep without atonia) and enacting dream behaviors. Because movements are not bradykinetic during RBD in patients with PD, we investigated whether the background, wake postural rigidity is attenuated during REM sleep without atonia, in absence of movement. METHODS The amplitude of levator menti (postural muscle) electromyographic activity during relaxed evening wakefulness (considered as reference) and sleep (N2, N3, atonic REM sleep, and quiet REM sleep without atonia) was measured in 20 patients with PD (with and without RBD), 10 patients with idiopathic RBD patients and 10 healthy subjects. RESULTS The chin tone amplitude progressively decreased from wake to N2, N3, and atonic REM sleep in the four groups, but the highest amplitude was observed in PD patients with RBD during atonic REM sleep. Furthermore, chin muscle tone amplitude did not attenuate from wake to REM sleep without atonia in patients with both PD and RBD but dramatically attenuated (by 40% on average) in patients with idiopathic RBD. CONCLUSIONS The high amplitude of chin muscle tone in PD with RBD (but not in idiopathic RBD) during REM sleep with and without atonia suggests that both PD-related hypertonia and RBD-related enhanced muscle tone coexist during REM sleep, together affecting chin muscle tone. Consequently, some rapid RBD movements likely start against a rigid postural tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- APHP- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sleep Disorders Unit, Paris, France.,Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Latimier
- Brain Research Institute- UPMC Paris 6 Univ, Inserm U 1127; CNRS UMR 7225, IHU neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Smaranda Leu-Semenescu
- APHP- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sleep Disorders Unit, Paris, France.,Brain Research Institute- UPMC Paris 6 Univ, Inserm U 1127; CNRS UMR 7225, IHU neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio De Carli
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Brain Research Institute- UPMC Paris 6 Univ, Inserm U 1127; CNRS UMR 7225, IHU neuroscience, Paris, France.,APHP- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Neurology Department, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- APHP- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sleep Disorders Unit, Paris, France.,Brain Research Institute- UPMC Paris 6 Univ, Inserm U 1127; CNRS UMR 7225, IHU neuroscience, Paris, France
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Asakawa T, Fang H, Sugiyama K, Nozaki T, Hong Z, Yang Y, Hua F, Ding G, Chao D, Fenoy AJ, Villarreal SJ, Onoe H, Suzuki K, Mori N, Namba H, Xia Y. Animal behavioral assessments in current research of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 65:63-94. [PMID: 27026638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is traditionally classified as a movement disorder. Patients typically suffer from many motor dysfunctions. Presently, clinicians and scientists recognize that many non-motor symptoms are associated with PD. There is an increasing interest in both motor and non-motor symptoms in clinical studies on PD patients and laboratory research on animal models that imitate the pathophysiologic features and symptoms of PD patients. Therefore, appropriate behavioral assessments are extremely crucial for correctly understanding the mechanisms of PD and accurately evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel therapies. This article systematically reviews the behavioral assessments, for both motor and non-motor symptoms, in various animal models involved in current PD research. We addressed the strengths and weaknesses of these behavioral tests and their appropriate applications. Moreover, we discussed potential mechanisms behind these behavioral tests and cautioned readers against potential experimental bias. Since most of the behavioral assessments currently used for non-motor symptoms are not particularly designed for animals with PD, it is of the utmost importance to greatly improve experimental design and evaluation in PD research with animal models. Indeed, it is essential to develop specific assessments for non-motor symptoms in PD animals based on their characteristics. We concluded with a prospective view for behavioral assessments with real-time assessment with mobile internet and wearable device in future PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Huan Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenji Sugiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University School of Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Hua
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University School of Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanghong Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongman Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert J Fenoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian J Villarreal
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Functional Probe Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Namba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA.
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Franke SK, van Kesteren RE, Hofman S, Wubben JAM, Smit AB, Philippens IHCHM. Individual and Familial Susceptibility to MPTP in a Common Marmoset Model for Parkinson's Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 16:293-303. [PMID: 26999593 DOI: 10.1159/000442574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insight into susceptibility mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) would aid the understanding of disease etiology, enable target finding and benefit the development of more refined disease-modifying strategies. METHODS We used intermittent low-dose MPTP (0.5 mg/kg/week) injections in marmosets and measured multiple behavioral and neurochemical parameters. Genetically diverse monkeys from different breeding families were selected to investigate inter- and intrafamily differences in susceptibility to MPTP treatment. RESULTS We show that such differences exist in clinical signs, in particular nonmotor PD-related behaviors, and that they are accompanied by differences in neurotransmitter levels. In line with the contribution of a genetic component, different susceptibility phenotypes could be traced back through genealogy to individuals of the different families. CONCLUSION Our findings show that low-dose MPTP treatment in marmosets represents a clinically relevant PD model, with a window of opportunity to examine the onset of the disease, allowing the detection of individual variability in disease susceptibility, which may be of relevance for the diagnosis and treatment of PD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid K Franke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fifel K, Piggins H, Deboer T. Modeling sleep alterations in Parkinson's disease: How close are we to valid translational animal models? Sleep Med Rev 2016; 25:95-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Noseda ACD, Targa AD, Rodrigues LS, Aurich MF, Lima MM. REM sleep deprivation promotes a dopaminergic influence in the striatal MT2 anxiolytic-like effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:47-54. [PMID: 27226821 PMCID: PMC4867936 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible anxiolytic-like effects of striatal MT2 activation, and its counteraction induced by the selective blockade of this receptor. Furthermore, we analyzed this condition under the paradigm of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (REMSD) and the animal model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by rotenone. Male Wistar rats were infused with intranigral rotenone (12 μg/μL), and 7 days later were subjected to 24 h of REMSD. Afterwards the rats underwent striatal micro-infusions of selective melatonin MT2 receptor agonist, 8-M-PDOT (10 μg/μL) or selective melatonin MT2 receptor antagonist, 4-P-PDOT (5 μg/μL) or vehicle. Subsequently, the animals were tested in the open-field (OP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. Results indicated that the activation of MT2 receptors produced anxiolytic-like effects. In opposite, the MT2 blockade did not show an anxiogenic-like effect. Besides, REMSD induced anxiolytic-like effects similar to 8-M-PDOT. MT2 activation generated a prevalent locomotor increase compared to MT2 blockade in the context of REMSD. Together, these results suggest a striatal MT2 modulation associated to the REMSD-induced dopaminergic supersensitivity causing a possible dopaminergic influence in the MT2 anxiolytic-like effects in the intranigral rotenone model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo M.S. Lima
- Correspondence to: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, ZIP: 81.531–990, Caixa Postal: 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Tel.: +55 41 3361 1722.Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de FisiologiaAv. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, ZIP: 81.531–990, Caixa Postal: 19031CuritibaPRBrazil
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Franke SK, van Kesteren RE, Wubben JAM, Hofman S, Paliukhovich I, van der Schors RC, van Nierop P, Smit AB, Philippens IHCHM. Progression and recovery of Parkinsonism in a chronic progressive MPTP-induction model in the marmoset without persistent molecular and cellular damage. Neuroscience 2015; 312:247-59. [PMID: 26431624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to low-dose 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in marmoset monkeys was used to model the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease (PD), and to investigate mechanisms underlying disease progression and recovery. Marmosets were subcutaneously injected with MPTP for a period of 12weeks, 0.5mg/kg once per week, and clinical signs of Parkinsonism, motor- and non-motor behaviors were recorded before, during and after exposure. In addition, postmortem immunohistochemistry and proteomics analysis were performed. MPTP-induced parkinsonian clinical symptoms increased in severity during exposure, and recovered after MPTP administration was ended. Postmortem analyses, after the recovery period, revealed no alteration of the number and sizes of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Also levels of TH in putamen and caudate nucleus were unaltered, no differences were observed in DA, serotonin or nor-adrenalin levels in the caudate nucleus, and proteomics analysis revealed no global changes in protein expression in these brain areas between treatment groups. Our findings indicate that parkinsonian symptoms can occur without detectable damage at the cellular or molecular level. Moreover, we show that parkinsonian symptoms may be reversible when diagnosed and treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Franke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - R E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A M Wubben
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - S Hofman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - I Paliukhovich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R C van der Schors
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Johnston TM, Fox SH. Symptomatic Models of Parkinson's Disease and L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Non-human Primates. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 22:221-35. [PMID: 25158623 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Models of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be produced in several non-human primate (NHP) species by applying neurotoxic lesions to the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. The most commonly used neurotoxin is MPTP, a compound accidentally discovered as a contaminant of street drugs. Compared to other neurotoxins, MPTP has the advantage of crossing the blood-brain barrier and can thus be administered systemically. MPTP-lesioned NHPs exhibit the main core clinical features of PD. When treated with L-DOPA, these NHP models develop involuntary movements resembling the phenomenology of human dyskinesias. In old-world NHP species (macaques, baboons), choreic and dystonic dyskinesias can be readily distinguished and quantified with specific rating scales. More recently, certain non-motor symptoms relevant to human PD have been described in L-DOPA-treated MPTP-NHPs, including a range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities and sleep disturbances. The main shortcomings of MPTP-NHP models consist in a lack of progression of the underlying neurodegenerative lesion, along with an inability to model the intracellular protein-inclusion pathology typical of PD. The strength of MPTP-NHP models lies in their face and predictive validity for symptomatic treatments of parkinsonian motor features. Indeed, these models have been instrumental to the development of several medical and surgical approaches that are currently applied to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M Johnston
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, 399, Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
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Fraigne JJ, Torontali ZA, Snow MB, Peever JH. REM Sleep at its Core - Circuits, Neurotransmitters, and Pathophysiology. Front Neurol 2015; 6:123. [PMID: 26074874 PMCID: PMC4448509 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is generated and maintained by the interaction of a variety of neurotransmitter systems in the brainstem, forebrain, and hypothalamus. Within these circuits lies a core region that is active during REM sleep, known as the subcoeruleus nucleus (SubC) or sublaterodorsal nucleus. It is hypothesized that glutamatergic SubC neurons regulate REM sleep and its defining features such as muscle paralysis and cortical activation. REM sleep paralysis is initiated when glutamatergic SubC cells activate neurons in the ventral medial medulla, which causes release of GABA and glycine onto skeletal motoneurons. REM sleep timing is controlled by activity of GABAergic neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus as well as melanin-concentrating hormone neurons in the hypothalamus and cholinergic cells in the laterodorsal and pedunculo-pontine tegmentum in the brainstem. Determining how these circuits interact with the SubC is important because breakdown in their communication is hypothesized to underlie narcolepsy/cataplexy and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). This review synthesizes our current understanding of mechanisms generating healthy REM sleep and how dysfunction of these circuits contributes to common REM sleep disorders such as cataplexy/narcolepsy and RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Fraigne
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Zoltan A Torontali
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Matthew B Snow
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - John H Peever
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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Fox SH, Brotchie JM, Johnston TM. Primate Models of Complications Related to Parkinson Disease Treatment. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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dos Santos AB, Kohlmeier KA, Barreto GE. Are Sleep Disturbances Preclinical Markers of Parkinson’s Disease? Neurochem Res 2014; 40:421-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dos Santos AB, Barreto GE, Kohlmeier KA. Treatment of sleeping disorders should be considered in clinical management of Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:273. [PMID: 25346687 PMCID: PMC4191244 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - George E Barreto
- Departmento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tiermodelle der REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung. SOMNOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-014-0677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sleep disorders in Parkinsonian macaques: effects of L-dopa treatment and pedunculopontine nucleus lesion. J Neurosci 2014; 34:9124-33. [PMID: 24990932 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0181-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) display significant sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness. Dopaminergic treatment dramatically improves PD motor symptoms, but its action on sleep remains controversial, suggesting a causal role of nondopaminergic lesions in these symptoms. Because the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) regulates sleep and arousal, and in view of the loss of its cholinergic neurons in PD, the PPN could be involved in these sleep disorders. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to characterize sleep disorders in a monkey model of PD; (2) to investigate whether l-dopa treatment alleviates sleep disorders; and (3) to determine whether a cholinergic PPN lesion would add specific sleep alterations. To this end, long-term continuous electroencephalographic monitoring of vigilance states was performed in macaques, using an implanted miniaturized telemetry device. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment induced sleep disorders that comprised sleep episodes during daytime and sleep fragmentation and a reduction of sleep efficiency at nighttime. It also induced a reduction in time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep and an increase in muscle tone during REM and non-REM sleep episodes and in the number of awakenings and movements. l-Dopa treatment resulted in a partial but significant improvement of almost all sleep parameters. PPN lesion induced a transient decrease in REM sleep and in slow-wave sleep followed by a slight improvement of sleep quality. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of l-dopa treatment in improving sleep disorders in parkinsonian monkeys, and that adding a cholinergic PPN lesion improves sleep quality after transient sleep impairment.
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Kumar A, Chanana P. Sleep reduction: A link to other neurobiological diseases. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; UGC Centre of Advanced Study; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Priyanka Chanana
- Pharmacology Division; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; UGC Centre of Advanced Study; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
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Peever J, Luppi PH, Montplaisir J. Breakdown in REM sleep circuitry underlies REM sleep behavior disorder. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:279-88. [PMID: 24673896 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, skeletal muscles are almost paralyzed. However, in REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), which is a rare neurological condition, muscle atonia is lost, leaving afflicted individuals free to enact their dreams. Although this may sound innocuous, it is not, given that patients with RBD often injure themselves or their bed-partner. A major concern in RBD is that it precedes, in 80% of cases, development of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This link suggests that neurodegenerative processes initially target the circuits controlling REM sleep. Clinical and basic neuroscience evidence indicates that RBD results from breakdown of the network underlying REM sleep atonia. This finding is important because it opens new avenues for treating RBD and understanding its link to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peever
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Cell and Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- Sleep Team, Center of Neuroscience of Lyon, UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal Québec, Montréal, QC Canada
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, although a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors has been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism of selected neuronal loss. A better understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease process may be gained from research on animal models. While cell and tissue models are helpful in unraveling involved molecular pathways, animal models are much better suited to study the pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies. The animal models most relevant to PD include those generated by neurotoxic chemicals that selectively disrupt the catecholaminergic system such as 6-hydroxydopamine; 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine; agricultural pesticide toxins, such as rotenone and paraquat; the ubiquitin proteasome system inhibitors; inflammatory modulators; and several genetically manipulated models, such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, PINK1, Parkin, and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 transgenic or knock-out animals. Genetic and nongenetic animal models have their own unique advantages and limitations, which must be considered when they are employed in the study of pathogenesis or treatment approaches. This review provides a summary and a critical review of our current knowledge about various in vivo models of PD used to test novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Le
- />1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011 China
| | - Pavani Sayana
- />Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Padmarao Nagar, Secunderabad, AP 500020 India
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- />Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Lima MMS. Sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease: the contribution of dopamine in REM sleep regulation. Sleep Med Rev 2013; 17:367-75. [PMID: 23481545 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have sleep disturbances. While it has been suggested that these disturbances involve a dopaminergic component, the specific mechanisms that contribute to this behavior are far from being fully understood. In this article, we have reviewed the current understanding of the linkage between sleep and PD, focusing on the participation of the dopaminergic system in the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The presence of an REM sleep behavior disorder in patients with PD might reflect the early involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in REM sleep-related structures. Therefore, it has been suggested that these structures are affected by an imbalance of dopamine levels. Several studies have demonstrated that neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are active during REM sleep and that sleep-related disturbances may result when these neurons are targeted by neurotoxins. We discuss current evidence suggesting the presence of a putative reciprocal connectivity between the SNpc, VTA, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and reticular formation, which may exert an important influence on the REM sleep mechanism. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature that addresses this challenging and unrecognized component of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M S Lima
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
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Kovalzon VM, Zavalko IM. The neurochemistry of the sleep-wakefulness cycle and Parkinson’s disease. NEUROCHEM J+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712413030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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