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Mo M, Hu X, He W, Zu X, Wang L, Li Y. Identification of key genes and microRNA regulatory network in development and progression of urothelial bladder carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:438-447. [PMID: 33532331 PMCID: PMC7844517 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer as other cancers contains multiple dynamic alterations in progression. Theoretically, large number of genes participates in cancer progression. In the present study, the interconnections of genesets defined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and tumor histopathological stages were characterized. In addition, the outcomes with genesets were discussed in bladder cancer. Methods Transcriptome data from 411 tissues of urothelial bladder carcinoma and 19 samples from adjacent tissues were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), cluster analysis of geneset enrichment scores and genesets as indicators in prognosis were applied to elucidate the correlations between genesets and bladder cancer progression. Results Chemical and genetic perturbations (CGP), canonical pathways (CP), CP:BIOCARTA (BioCarta gene sets), CP:KEGG (KEGG gene sets) and CP:REACTOME (Reactome gene sets) in C2 collection, upstream cis-regulatory motifs serum response factor (SRF) in C3 collection, KRAS in C6 collection and C8+ T cells in C7 collection were observed as enriched by ssGSEA. The cluster 2 identified from cluster analysis shows a more immune active microenvironment which tended to increase in stage II and decreased in stage IV indicating the crucial role in bladder cancer progression. miR-450, miR-518s, transcription factor PAX3, KRAS and PTEN were potential markers for outcomes of urothelial bladder carcinoma. Activating tumor immune microenvironment had deteriorated prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that activating tumor immune microenvironment is a negative factor for outcomes of urothelial bladder carcinoma. These data provided a potential combination strategy for patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Mo
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiheng Hu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangle Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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In Silico Evaluation of Variable pH on the Binding of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ectodomain to its Ligand Through Molecular Dynamics Simulation in Tumors. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 11:437-443. [PMID: 29103184 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many aggressive and metastatic cancer cell types show Warburg Effect; therefore, it is a possible adaptation helping cancer cells to rapidly divide and utilize the glycolytic intermediates for biosynthesis of ribose sugars (for nucleotide biosynthesis), fatty acid synthesis (lipids for membrane synthesis), NADPH (cellular currency for reductive biosynthesis) and lactate. This in due course results in decrease of extracellular pH, leading to acidic tumor micro-environment. EGFR is a crucial cell surface signaling receptor implicated in cancer cell survival and progression. This warrants studying the effect of the acidic micro-environmental conditions on the binding of the EGFR cell surface receptor to one of its natural extracellular ligand EGF. We exploited in silico approaches: molecular dynamics simulation at variable pH and MM-GBSA free energy of binding calculation method to evaluate the effect of this change in microenvironmental pH. Through the present study it is reported that at pH 6.6 the EGFR binds to EGF with decreased free energy of binding as compared to pH 7.2.
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Nazıroğlu M, Çiğ B, Blum W, Vizler C, Buhala A, Marton A, Katona R, Jósvay K, Schwaller B, Oláh Z, Pecze L. Targeting breast cancer cells by MRS1477, a positive allosteric modulator of TRPV1 channels. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640864 PMCID: PMC5481018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is convincing epidemiological and experimental evidence that capsaicin, a potent natural transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1) agonist, has anticancer activity. However, capsaicin cannot be given systemically in large doses, because of its induction of acute pain and neurological inflammation. MRS1477, a dihydropyridine derivative acts as a positive allosteric modulator of TRPV1, if added together with capsaicin, but is ineffective, if given alone. Addition of MRS1477 evoked Ca2+ signals in MCF7 breast cancer cells, but not in primary breast epithelial cells. This indicates that MCF7 cells not only express functional TRPV1 channels, but also produce endogenous TRPV1 agonists. We investigated the effects of MRS1477 and capsaicin on cell viability, caspase-3 and -9 activities and reactive oxygen species production in MCF7 cells. The fraction of apoptotic cells was increased after 3 days incubation with capsaicin (10 μM) paralleled by increased reactive oxygen species production and caspase activity. These effects were even more pronounced, when cells were incubated with MRS1477 (2 μM) either alone or together with CAPS (10 μM). Capsazepine, a TRPV1 blocker, inhibited both the effect of capsaicin and MRS1477. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings revealed that capsaicin-evoked TRPV1-mediated current density levels were increased after 3 days incubation with MRS1477 (2 μM). However, the tumor growth in MCF7 tumor-bearing immunodeficient mice was not significantly decreased after treatment with MRS1477 (10 mg/ kg body weight, i.p., injection twice a week). In conclusion, in view of a putative in vivo treatment with MRS1477 or similar compounds further optimization is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Bilal Çiğ
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Walter Blum
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Buhala
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamária Marton
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Katona
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Jósvay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Oláh
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Acheuron Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Pecze
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Chen XD, Mao CC, Wu RS, Zhang WT, Lin J, Sun XW, Chi CH, Lou N, Wang PF, Shen X, Zhu GB, Shen SR. Use of the combination of the preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and tumor characteristics to predict peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175074. [PMID: 28384215 PMCID: PMC5383064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to evaluate the predictive value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer and to construct an available preoperative prediction system for peritoneal metastasis. A total of 1080 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in our study. The preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and other serum markers and objective clinical tumor characteristics were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. A logistic analysis was performed to determine the independent predictive indicators of peritoneal metastasis. A prediction system that included the independent predictive indicators was constructed and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curves, the ideal platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio cutoff value to predict peritoneal metastasis was 131.00. The logistic analysis showed that the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was an independent indicator to predict peritoneal metastasis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.599. When integrating all independent indicators (i.e., platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, invasion depth, lymphatic invasion, pathological type), the prediction system more reliably predicted peritoneal metastasis with a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.769). The preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was an indicator that could be used to predict peritoneal metastasis. Our prediction system could be a reliable instrument to discriminate between patients with gastric cancer with and those without peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-dong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-chen Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui-sen Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-teng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-wei Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu-huai Chi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Neng Lou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng-fei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan-bao Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-rong Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Wenzhou integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Same S, Aghanejad A, Akbari Nakhjavani S, Barar J, Omidi Y. Radiolabeled theranostics: magnetic and gold nanoparticles. BIOIMPACTS 2016; 6:169-181. [PMID: 27853680 PMCID: PMC5108989 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
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Introduction: Growing advances in nanotechnology have facilitated the applications of newly emerged nanomaterials in the field of biomedical/pharmaceutical sciences. Following this trend, the multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) play a significant role in development of advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs) such as diapeutics/theranostics used for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Multifunctional radiolabeled NPs with capability of detecting, visualizing and destroying diseased cells with least side effects have been considered as an emerging filed in presentation of the best choice in solving the therapeutic problems. Functionalized magnetic and gold NPs (MNPs and GNPs, respectively) have produced the potential of nanoparticles as sensitive multifunctional probes for molecular imaging, photothermal therapy and drug delivery and targeting.
Methods: In this study, we review the most recent works on the improvement of various techniques for development of radiolabeled magnetic and gold nanoprobes, and discuss the methods for targeted imaging and therapies.
Results: The receptor-specific radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to localized radiotherapy in disease sites. Application of advanced multimodal imaging methods and related modality imaging agents labeled with various radioisotopes (e.g., 125I, 111In, 64Cu, 68Ga, 99mTc) and MNPs/GNPs have significant effects on treatment and prognosis of cancer therapy. In addition, the surface modification with biocompatible polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) have resulted in development of stealth NPs that can evade the opsonization and immune clearance. These long-circulating agents can be decorated with homing agents as well as radioisotopes for targeted imaging and therapy purposes.
Conclusion: The modified MNPs or GNPs have wide applications in concurrent diagnosis and therapy of various malignancies. Once armed with radioisotopes, these nanosystems (NSs) can be exploited for combined multimodality imaging with photothermal/photodynamic therapy while delivering the loaded drugs or genes to the targeted cells/tissues. These NSs will be a game changer in combating various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Same
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sattar Akbari Nakhjavani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Barar J, Omidi Y. Personalized cell-mediated immunotherapy and vaccination: combating detrimental uprisings of malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:65-9. [PMID: 26191499 PMCID: PMC4492186 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A large number of researchers worldwide have conducted various investigations to advance the cell-based immunotherapies and to examine their clinical benefits as an ultimate prevention and/or treatment modalities against life-threatening malignancies. This dominion needs integration of science and technology to change the face of treatment of diseases towards much more personalized medicines. It is now plausible to reprogram the human cells for the prevention and treatment of diseases through various mechanisms such as modulation of immune system, nonetheless we should understand the complexity of biological functions of the cells in a holistic way to be able to manipulate the central dogma of the life to prevent any inadvertent mistake. We should, if not must, comprehend the interrelations of the cellular components (e.g., transport machineries) in the developmental processes of diseases. Still, we do not have a complete image of life, perhaps as expressive barcodes, and many pieces are missing. While completing this puzzle to picture the whole image and examine new treatment modalities, we should take extra caution upon unknown/little-known biological phenomena because trifling modulation/ alteration in the complex systems of the life may result in tremendous impacts. In short, it seems we need to consider malignancies as complex systems and treat them in a holistic manner by targeting its hallmarks. Taken all, the immune system reinforcement would be one of the main foundations in combating detrimental malignancy uprising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Omidi Y, Barar J. Targeting tumor microenvironment: crossing tumor interstitial fluid by multifunctional nanomedicines. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2014; 4:55-67. [PMID: 25035848 PMCID: PMC4097973 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2014.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The genesis of cancer appears to be a complex matter, which is not simply based upon few genetic abnormalities/alteration. In fact, irregular microvasculature and aberrant interstitium of solid tumors impose significant pathophysiologic barrier functions against cancer treatment modalities, hence novel strategies should holistically target bioelements of tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we provide some overview and insights on TME and important strategies used to control the impacts of such pathophysiologic barriers.
Methods: We reviewed all relevant literature for the impacts of tumor interstitium and microvasculature within the TME as well as the significance of the implemented strategies.
Results: While tumorigenesis initiation seems to be in close relation with an emergence of hypoxia and alterations in epigenetic/genetic materials, large panoplies of molecular events emerge as intricate networks during oncogenesis to form unique lenient TME in favor of tumor progression. Within such irregular interstitium, immune system displays defective surveillance functionalities against malignant cells. Solid tumors show multifacial traits with coadaptation and self-regulation potentials, which bestow profound resistance against the currently used conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy agents that target solely one face of the disease.
Conclusion: The cancerous cells attain unique abilities to form its permissive microenvironment, wherein (a) extracellular pH is dysregulated towards acidification, (b) extracellular matrix (ECM) is deformed, (c) stromal cells are cooperative with cancer cells, (d) immune system mechanisms are defective, (e) non-integrated irregular microvasculature with pores (120-1200 nm) are formed, and (h) interstitial fluid pressure is high. All these phenomena are against cancer treatment modalities. As a result, to control such abnormal pathophysiologic traits, novel cancer therapy strategies need to be devised using multifunctional nanomedicines and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Barar J, Omidi Y. Targeted Gene Therapy of Cancer: Second Amendment toward Holistic Therapy. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2013; 3:49-51. [PMID: 23878787 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2013.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It seems solid tumors are developing smart organs with specialized cells creating specified bio-territory, the so called "tumor microenvironment (TME)", in which there is reciprocal crosstalk among cancer cells, immune system cells and stromal cells. TME as an intricate milieu also consists of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that can resist against chemotherapies. In solid tumors, metabolism and vascularization appears to be aberrant and tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) functions as physiologic barrier. Thus, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and gene therapy often fail to provide cogent clinical outcomes. It looms that it is the time to accept the fact that initiation of cancer could be generation of another form of life that involves a cluster of thousands of genes, while we have failed to observe all aspects of it. Hence, the current treatment modalities need to be re-visited to cover all key aspects of disease using combination therapy based on the condition of patients. Perhaps personalized cluster of genes need to be simultaneously targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Barar
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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