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Karimiyarandi H, Khalilizad M. Prevalence of Orthopedic Pains in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesth Pain Med 2023; 13:e136616. [PMID: 38024003 PMCID: PMC10676658 DOI: 10.5812/aapm-136616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Musculoskeletal disorders are among the main causes of death and disability and can impose high costs on individuals and countries. Considering the importance of pain, the present meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of orthopedic pains in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods The present study was reported in line with PRISMA. The searching process was carried out using keywords, including adolescents, pain, youth, school-age children, shoulder pain, neck pain, shoulder, and neck, AND/OR operators for the articles published during 2000 and 2022 in Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Magiran, International Statistical Institute, and Islamic World Science Citation Center databases. This study reviewed the articles that reported the prevalence of orthopedic pains (i.e., wrists/hands, shoulders, elbows, and knees) among the 5-18-year age group in Iran and extracted their results. Two researchers conducted the search quite independently and extracted the necessary data using a researcher-made checklist. The collected data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA3). Results Initially, 418 articles were identified, and 14 articles were entered into the systematic review stage. The prevalence rates of pains related to wrists/hands, shoulders, elbows, and knees were 6.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2 - 13.0), 26.9 (95% CI: 17.0 - 39.7), 2.9 (95% CI: 1.3 - 6.3), and 6.6 (95% CI: 3.0 - 14.2), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of shoulder and knee pains in individuals under 18 years in Iran was high. Therefore, it is necessary to make necessary interventions and take preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Karimiyarandi
- School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Majid Khalilizad
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Baradaran Mahdavi S, Mazaheri-Tehrani S, Riahi R, Vahdatpour B, Kelishadi R. Sedentary behavior and neck pain in children and adolescents; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 12:240-248. [PMID: 36686056 PMCID: PMC9808908 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2022.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) is considered a risk factor for musculoskeletal pain. We aimed to explore the association of sedentary behavior indicators with neck pain among children and adolescents. Methods: A comprehensive review was performed in different databases until the end of January 2022. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were used as desired effect sizes to evaluate the association between prolonged screen time or mobile phone (MP) usage and neck pain risk. Results: Among 1651 records, 15 cross-sectional studies were included in the systematic review, and 7 reports were included in the meta-analysis. Our results suggested a significant relationship between prolonged MP use and neck pain (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.001-1.85, I2=40.8%, P value for heterogeneity test=0.119). Furthermore, a marginally insignificant association was found between prolonged screen time and neck pain (OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.98-1.30, I2=60.3%, P value=0.01); however, after sensitivity analysis and removing one study, this association became significant (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.03-1.64). Moreover, a significant association between prolonged sitting time and neck pain was reported in two studies. Conclusion: Available good-quality evidence reveals a significant mild association between sedentary behavior and the risk of neck pain among children and adolescents. However, longitudinal studies with objective measurement tools are warranted. In particular, potential preventive educational programs are suggested for pediatrics to reduce sedentary behavior and neck pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding Author: Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani,
; Roya Kelishadi,
| | - Roya Riahi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Vahdatpour
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding Author: Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani,
; Roya Kelishadi,
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Sankaran S, John J, Patra SS, Das RR, Satapathy AK. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Its Relation With Weight of Backpacks in School-Going Children in Eastern India. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:684133. [PMID: 35295431 PMCID: PMC8915625 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.684133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, heavy school backpacks have become a significant concern among parents and health professionals, as well as the media, but evidence for the same is limited in the Indian context. Aim: To find the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among school-going children and its relationship with backpack weight. Design: Cross-sectional study. Method: This study was carried out among school-going children from grade 6 to 10 with age of 10 to 16 years from an urban and rural location. Schools were selected randomly from all enlisted schools in the district of Khurdha, Odisha state of India. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess symptoms of musculoskeletal pain. Anthropometric measurements along with backpack weight were taken. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors with maximum effect on musculoskeletal pain. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 18.8% in the preceding year. Backpacks weights were higher among children of urban schools as compared with rural areas. Children from urban schools were more likely to have pain than those from rural schools (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.41–2.49). Those children with a backpack weight more than 10% of body weight had almost twice the risk of musculoskeletal pain compared to backpack weight less than 10% (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.4–2.6) in univariate analysis where as no significant association was found on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was high in school-going children. In children, carrying higher backpack weight, and a higher percentage of the backpack to bodyweight had a significant association with musculoskeletal pain. Gender, height, body mass index, and backpack weight to body weight > 10% had no association with musculoskeletal pain.
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Back Pain and Schoolbags among Adolescents in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010005. [PMID: 31861301 PMCID: PMC6981712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incorrect carriage of schoolbags and heavy bags may result in back pain (BP) in adolescents. Our objective was to assess the problem of BP and associated factors among adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study targeting intermediate and secondary school adolescents in Abha City, Saudi Arabia. An anonymous questionnaire for BP was used. Student body weight and the weight of their full schoolbag were measured. The study included 876 adolescents. An overall prevalence of BP of 39.4% (95% CI: 35.3-43.7) was found. Upper BP (UBP), middle BP (MBP), and lower BP (LBP) amounted to 14.5%, 13.4%, and 11.5%, respectively. Associated significant factors with MBP were carrying the bag on one side compared to on the back (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.20-3.73) and being at intermediate level compared to secondary (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04-2.40). On the other hand, gender and schoolbag weight/body weight percent were not found to be significantly associated with MBP. None of the studied factors were significantly associated with overall BP, UBP, or LBP. BP is a prevalent among adolescents in southwest Saudi Arabia. One-sided schoolbag carriage is a significant associated factor for middle back pain. Parents and teachers should encourage students to consider the correct way to carry schoolbag.
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Jurak I, Rađenović O, Bolčević F, Bartolac A, Medved V. The Influence of the Schoolbag on Standing Posture of First-Year Elementary School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203946. [PMID: 31623272 PMCID: PMC6843186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the mass of a schoolbag on standing posture in first-year elementary school children. First-year elementary school students (n = 76) participated in this study. The data was digitized and analyzed using SkillSpector and Kinovea. Results have shown a change of Center of Gravity (COG) position in all three anatomical planes (p < 0.01), as well as a change in two out of three measured postural angles-craniovertebral (p < 0.01) and craniocervical (p < 0.01) angle. The most important aspect of changed posture, anterior shift of COG, was measured to be 2.4 cm and was in moderate negative correlation with student body mass (-0.4, p < 0.01) and height (-0.4, p < 0.01) when students were encumbered with a schoolbag weighing 16.11% of their body mass, on the average. Also, this study confirms that when encumbered, students' head posture shifts to a more protracted position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jurak
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ozren Rađenović
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Filip Bolčević
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Andreja Bartolac
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Vladimir Medved
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Ashtekar SV, Padhyegurjar SB, Powar JD, Siddiqui A. Intervention Study for Reducing Schoolbag Weights in Two Rural Schools in Maharashtra. Indian J Community Med 2019; 43:S52-S55. [PMID: 30686876 PMCID: PMC6324043 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_299_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Heavy schoolbags are reported worldwide including India. The prescribed safe upper limit was 10% of student bodyweight. Aims This intervention study explored (a) impact of awareness measures among stakeholders and (b) any systemic constraints for reducing bag loads. Settings and Design This is a two-stage intervention study following a 2016-2017 baseline study of schoolbag weights in two rural schools. Subjects and Methods The study involved 175 students (male: 79 and female: 96) from 8th to 9th standards. The intervention consisted of sharing the baseline findings of schoolbag weight, guidelines, and necessary measures for the same. Thefirst intervention involved creating awareness among teachers regarding the harmful effects and the second intervention involved students. Bag weights were recorded on digital luggage scale in prelunch sessions in the following weeks after the intervention. Statistical Analysis The impact of interventions was tested with (a) Paired t-test for mean bag weights and (b) Chi-square test for the proportion of heavy schoolbags. Results The mean baseline bag weight of 3.77 kg declined statistically significantly after successive interventions to 3.4 and 3.2 kg. The baseline proportion of 51% of heavy bags (>10% of body weight) declined to 38% and 29%. Despite interventions, 19% students in 8th carried heavier bags than the 3.4 kg cap set by Government guidelines. Subjects taught in 8th standard were above 6/day. Conclusions Awareness programs for stakeholders only partially succeeded in reducing bag weights. Hence, reducing the daily subject load is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Vinayak Ashtekar
- Department of Community Medicine, SMBT Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shekhar Bhikaji Padhyegurjar
- Department of Community Medicine, SMBT Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jagdish Dhondiba Powar
- Department of Community Medicine, SMBT Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aqsa Siddiqui
- Department of Community Medicine, SMBT Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Delele M, Janakiraman B, Bekele Abebe A, Tafese A, van de Water ATM. Musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among Ethiopian elementary school children. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:276. [PMID: 30064400 PMCID: PMC6069959 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethiopian school children often carry school supplies in heavy school bags and encounter limited school facilities. This stresses their vulnerable musculoskeletal system and may result in experiencing musculoskeletal pain. High prevalence of musculoskeletal pain has been documented, but data on musculoskeletal pain among elementary school children in Ethiopia is lacking. To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among elementary school children in Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among children from six randomly selected elementary schools. Sample size was determined proportionally across school grades and governmental and private schools to ensure variety within the sample. Data collection consisted of physical measurements including height, weight and schoolbag weight, and a structured questionnaire on musculoskeletal pain, mode of transport, walking time and school facilities. Data were analysed descriptively and through uni- and multivariate logistic regression model. Results In total 723 children participated. The overall prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal pain was 62%, with a significant difference between school types (governmental 68% versus private 51%). Shoulder, neck and lower leg/knee were most commonly reported. Walking to and from school for ≥20 min (OR = 2.94, 95% CI 2.05 to 4.21) and relative school bag weight (OR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.47) were found significantly associated with self-report musculoskeletal pain. Children with carrying heavy school supplies and also walking long duration have a 3.5 (95% CI = 1.80–6.95) times greater chance of reporting pain as compared to those who carry lesser weighed bags and reported shorter walking duration at the same time. Conclusions Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal pain was high among children attending public schools and also those who walked a long way to and from school. Long walking duration and relative school bag weight were significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain. These findings can inform policymakers to provide transportation services and other facilities at elementary schools. The findings of this study should be interpreted with caution due to possible social desirability bias with higher prevalence of self-reported pain and more so in children population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manayesh Delele
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar and Gondar University specialized comprehensive hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Balamurugan Janakiraman
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar and Gondar University specialized comprehensive hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abey Bekele Abebe
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar and Gondar University specialized comprehensive hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Ararso Tafese
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alexander T M van de Water
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar and Gondar University specialized comprehensive hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.,School of Physiotherapy, Academy of Health, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Dianat I, Alipour A, Asghari Jafarabadi M. Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among school age children in Iran. Health Promot Perspect 2017; 7:223-229. [PMID: 29085800 PMCID: PMC5647358 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2017.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most available data on the prevalence and characteristics of back pain in schoolchildren is related to industrialised and developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and potential risk factors among schoolchildren and adolescents in a developing country, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1611 Iranian schoolchildren aged 11–14 years. A self-complete questionnaire was used to assess LBP prevalence, physical leisure activities, school-related and psychosocial factors. Results: The prevalence of LBP was 34.3%. Female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% CI:1.28–1.94), family member with back pain (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.40–2.36), difficulty in viewing the (black)board (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–1.99), too much homework (OR = 1.47, 95% CI:1.09–1.99), time spend carrying a schoolbag (min/d) (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01–1.85), and psychosocial factors (emotional symptoms) (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.54–3.39) were independently associated with LBP. Physical activity, having a job, watching television, using a computer, playing games and schoolbag weight had no effect. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both physical and psychosocial factors influenced the risk for LBP, but emotional symptoms had a stronger association with LBP than physical factors. Knowledge about LBP in school children and adolescents could be important in assessment and treatment of such symptoms in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Alipour
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Challenges and Barriers to Identifying Pain in the Special Education Classroom: A Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-017-0117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Janakiraman B, Ravichandran H, Demeke S, Fasika S. Reported influences of backpack loads on postural deviation among school children: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2017; 6:41. [PMID: 28584840 PMCID: PMC5441201 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_26_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, a large number of students experience spinal pain quite early in life due to heavy school bag loads. Moreover, external forces in the form of school bags may influence the normal growth, development of children and adolescents, and also maintenance of alignment of their bodies, which can pose a huge threat to postural integrity under external load. Awareness about the appropriate load and placement of backpack is thought to be important in reducing musculoskeletal complications among children's. METHODS A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the influence of postural deviations due to backpack load among school children's. Electronic databases were searched, and a reference list of retrieved articles were relevant to postural changes among school children with the backpack were screened. Reviewers graded the papers according to Lloyd-Smith's hierarchy of evidence scale. Papers were quality appraised using a modified Crombie tool. RESULTS Twelve papers were identified for inclusion in this review. Methodological difference limited our ability to collate evidence. CONCLUSION Most of the articles recommended that backpack load limit for school children should be 10-15% of body weight. However, the appropriate load limit for school children is limited due to lack of articles, the low hierarchy of evidence, and small sample size. This review constrains the use of published literature to inform good load limit of school pack among the school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Janakiraman
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Senait Demeke
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Fasika
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Azabagic S, Spahic R, Pranjic N, Mulic M. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. Mater Sociomed 2016; 28:164-7. [PMID: 27482154 PMCID: PMC4949050 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.164-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant problem of modern society which are more pronounced in young people and school children. Etiology of these disorders is found in inadequate ergonomic conditions, too heavy school bag, school furniture inadequate to age, poor posture, sedentary lifestyle, reduction of physical activity and lack of exercise. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 1315 pupils aged 8- 12 years. As a method was used “cluster sample” in the selection of subjects. The survey was conducted by questionnaire containing information on the demographic and individual characteristics of participants (age, gender, class), the manner and style of life and the performance of school tasks, followed by standardized Nordic questionnaire. The following parameters were measured: body height and weight for each student, and the weight of full and empty school bag that students that day brought to class. Results: The incidence of musculoskeletal pain regardless of localization was 48%. There is a statistically significant correlation between acute pain in the right shoulder and total weight of school bags, duration of caring the bag in school and time of wearing bag from school to home but not with the manner in which school bag was carried. Acute pain in the right shoulder and acute neck pain were significantly associated with the duration of sitting in school or in front of a computer at home. Acute pain in the shoulder negatively correlated with BMI percentile value of the respondents. Acute pain in the neck is also significantly associated with the weight of a full school bags, as well as time spent sitting at home doing homework. Acute back pain is statistically significantly correlated with the weight of school bags and duration of sitting periods in school. Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, particularly chronic pain in school children aged 8-12 years is high. Weight of school bags, manner in which the bag is carried to and from school, duration of carrying bags, time spent sitting in the school and in front of the computer, duration of sitting and posture during homework, body mass index are ergonomic reasons for the development of musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Azabagic
- Institute of Public Health of Tuzla Canton, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Razija Spahic
- Clinic of Pediatrics, University Clinic Centre Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nurka Pranjic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Tuzla University School of Medicine, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Mulic
- Institute of Public Health of Tuzla Canton, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Rajan P, Koti A. Ergonomic assessment and musculoskeletal health of the underprivileged school children in pune, India. Health Promot Perspect 2013; 3:36-44. [PMID: 24688951 PMCID: PMC3963689 DOI: 10.5681/hpp.2013.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal health in schoolchildren is a global health problem.The objective of the current study was to assess ergonomic behavior and musculoskeletal health in urban poor schoolchildren in Pune, India. METHODS Sixty-five (29 male students) slum dwelling schoolchildren were assessed for their ergonomics using a validated and reliable tool. RESULTS Average age was 13 years. Out of 65 students, 36 reported presence of musculoskeletal pain. In addition, 78.5% had bad ergonomics when lifting books.Sitting posture was poor in 67.7%, while 50.8% demonstrated bad posture while using a computer. As far as the female students were concerned, it was seen that out of 36 students, 55.6% complained of presence of pain. Out of the 20 students who reported pain, 70% had a score lower than 7.5 on ergonomic score assessment (indicative of bad ergonomics). When the male students were considered, out of 29 students, 65.5% reported presence of pain. Out of the 19 students who reported pain, close to 79% demonstrated bad ergonomics. CONCLUSION There is presence of musculoskeletal aches and pains in this underprivileged section of the society, including demonstration of bad ergonomics and postures while performing activities in school. Thus, musculoskeletal health problems exist in urban slum schoolchildren. It is important to identify health problems at an early stage in both boys and girls. Children are the future of the nation and hence, identification of health issues early in life and preventing them from becoming chronic is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Rajan
- Corresponding Author: Pavithra Rajan Tel: +91 9004218207;
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Javadivala Z, Allahverdipour H, Dianat I, Bazargan M. Awareness of Parents about Characteristics of a Healthy School Backpack. Health Promot Perspect 2012; 2:166-72. [PMID: 24688930 DOI: 10.5681/hpp.2012.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of knowledge on school backpacks among parents has received little attention. The objectives of this study were to assess school backpack carriage and its consistency with parents' knowledge about children friendly school backpacks. METHODS This was a randomized cross-sectional study. Totally 307 elementary school children and 250 parents were recruited to assess parental knowledge about standard school backpacks in 2010. Data collection were carried out on an unscheduled day in order to, children and their par¬ents prepared school backpacks based on their own previous habits and behaviors. All statistical analyses were performed using version 16.0 of the statistical software package SPSS Results: Approximately, 132 (51.6%) of the parents were not aware of the recommended weight limit for carrying school backpacks and 144 (56.3%) were not aware that the size of the backpack must be proportionate to the upper back region. Significant difference was found for the mean score of awareness of a safe and standard school backpack between fathers and mothers: fathers had more knowledge about school backpack carriages in comparison with mothers (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Children, parents and teachers should be educated about the characteristics of a standard backpack, different strategies. Parents are the best advocates for safety promotion and should represent the group most likely to help to significantly reduce backpack related injuries among school children by selecting safe school backpacks, supervising school backpack carrying and checking backpack weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Javadivala
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Allahverdipour
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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