Comparison of the effect of combination of triamcinolone acetonide and vitamin a mouthwash with triamcinolone mouthwash alone on oral lichen planus

Micronutrients Profile in Oral Lichen Planus: a Review Literature

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory disease. The micronutrients are critical factors in health of oral mucous and proper function of immune system. There have not been any review articles for evaluating trace element levels before and after standard treatments of OLP. The purpose of this study is to provide complete review of the association of micronutrients with OLP. Databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase (Ovid) with keywords of oral lichen planus, OLP, oral disorder, micronutrients, trace element, nutrient element, antioxidant, oxidative stress, malnutrition, and essential trace elements, without time limitation (1900-2019) were searched to collect data on related articles. Total number of 58 original articles including 12 randomized clinical trials, 41 case-control, 4 case reports, and 1 cell line research were reviewed in this study. Lower levels of iron and its associated markers, such as hemoglobin and ferritin, increased levels of TIBC; reduced levels of zinc, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, and antioxidants such as vitamins C and E; and increased levels of oxidants and homocysteine, have been reported in OLP patients.

Serum Vitamin Profile in Oral Lichen Planus Patients in Southwest of Iran

Introduction

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease. It is mainly an immune system-related disorder. Vitamins can modulate immune system functions, and thus, vitamin deficiency might have roles in exacerbating OLP. We aim to determine the serum levels of vitamins A, B12, C, D3, and E in OLP patients.

Methods and Materials

34 OLP patients referred to Shiraz Dental School entered the study. Blood samples were collected and levels of A, B12, C, D3, and E vitamins were measured in serum. 43 healthy people were also included as the control group. Serum levels of vitamins were measured by HPLC (A, B12, D3, and E) and Kiazist analyzing kit (vitamin C).

Results

Most of the patients were female (62.3%), and the mean age of patients was 48.03 ± 11.57. Serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E were lower in OLP patients in comparison with the healthy group; however, the difference was not significant. Vitamins B12 and D3 were higher in the OLP group but the difference was not significant.

Conclusion

Serum levels of vitamins A, B12, C, D3, and E do not have a significant difference in OLP patients and healthy groups. These vitamins may not have a considerable role in OLP pathogenesis in the southwest of Iran.

Microenvironmental regulation of the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders towards malignancy

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) develop in a complex tissue microenvironment where they grow sustainably, acquiring oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) characteristics. The malignant tumor depends on interactions with the surrounding microenvironment to achieve loco-regional invasion and distant metastases. Unlike abnormal cells, the multiple cell types in the tissue microenvironment are relatively stable at the genomic level and, thus, become therapeutic targets with lower risk of resistance, decreasing the risk of OPMD acquiring cancer characteristics and carcinoma recurrence. However, deciding how to disrupt the OPMD and OSCC microenvironments is itself a daunting challenge, since their microenvironments present opposite capacities, resulting in diverse consequences. Furthermore, recent studies revealed that tumor-associated immune cells also participate in the process of differentiation from OPMD to OSCC, suggesting that reeducating stromal cells may be a new strategy to prevent OPMD from acquiring OSCC characteristics and to treat OSCC. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of the microenvironment of OPMD and OSCC as well as new therapeutic strategies.

Oral lichen planus: clinical features, etiology, treatment and management; a review of literature

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. Mucosal lesions are classified into six clinical forms and there is malignant potential for two forms of OLP; therefore, follow-up should be considered. There are many un-established etiological factors for OLP and some different treatment modalities are based on etiology. The aims of current OLP therapy are to eliminate mucosal erythema and ulceration, alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of oral cancer. We have used review papers, case reports, cohort studies, and case-and-control studies published from 1985 to 2010 to prepare this review of literature.