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Mavela NH, Couchman IMS, Mgwaba T, Nxumalo CT. A qualitative study of pharmacists' perceptions and awareness of homoeopathic medicines in Durban, South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2023; 65:e1-e10. [PMID: 38197691 PMCID: PMC10784278 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v65i1.5698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in the demand for and use of homoeopathic medicines by the public; however, little is known about the perspectives of pharmacists regarding the use of these medicines, particularly in the South African private health context. METHODS A qualitative approach using an exploratory cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 15 participants comprising pharmacy managers, pharmacists and pharmacy assistants from six different conveniently selected private pharmacy retail outlets. Data were collected using individual interviews utilising a semi-structured interview guide. An audiotape was used to record the data which were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically, following Tech's steps of data analysis. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Durban University of Technology's Institutional Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS The findings of this study revealed four superordinate themes related to pharmacists' perceptions and self-reported awareness regarding homoeopathic medicines. These are (1) negative perceptions regarding homoeopathic medicines, (2) perceived benefits of homoeopathic medicines, (3) poor knowledge and awareness of homoeopathic medicines and (4) capacity development and curriculum aspects. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the need for an educational intervention on homoeopathic medicines targeting pre-service and in-service pharmacy practitioners, to enable them to provide effective education regarding all types of medicines as the demand for homoeopathic medicines increases.Contribution: The study findings provide evidence to support advocacy for an educational intervention to improve awareness and knowledge of pharmacists to enable provision of effective health education for patients. More research, however, is required to inform the contents of this training intervention for pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nokuthula H Mavela
- Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching, Durban University of Technology, Durban.
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Taylor SR, Haines SL, Lemay G, Owens RE, Gory LB, Cline KM. Incorporation of yoga in pharmacy education. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2023; 15:642-647. [PMID: 37355383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-being of pharmacists is critical to support personal and professional health. Identifying and integrating a variety of practices that promote wellness is prudent for schools/colleges of pharmacy so students may form habits before entering the profession as practitioners. Yoga, a practice that combines muscular activity with mindfulness, can be incorporated with minimal resources via numerous mechanisms within and outside of the curriculum. METHODS The objective was to provide a summary of various strategies incorporating yoga in pharmacy professional curricula as well as detail various approaches to integrating yoga into pharmacy curricula. Literature was evaluated across professional pharmacy programs pertaining to yoga knowledge, beliefs, approaches, and benefits. RESULTS Ten articles about yoga awareness, knowledge, beliefs, and benefits in professional pharmacy curricula were identified. Improvement in mental health and decreased stress were recognized as benefits. Within schools/colleges of pharmacy, yoga programming has been included in required as well as elective courses, co-curriculum programming, extracurricular activities, and post-graduate training. IMPLICATIONS Schools of pharmacy can consider incorporation of yoga practice into curricula as a tool to promote well-being and resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Riser Taylor
- Wingate University School of Pharmacy, 805 6(th) Ave East, Hendersonville, NC 28792, United States.
| | - Seena L Haines
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lead Faculty- Well-Being and Resilience Champion, Office of Well-Being, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
| | - Ginger Lemay
- University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Avedisian Hall, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
| | - Ryan E Owens
- ASHP Publishing Office, ASHP, 4500 East-West Highway, Suite 900, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
| | - Lauren Biehle Gory
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacy Lead at the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 4300 Cherry Creek Drive, S Denver, CO 80246, United States.
| | - Kristine M Cline
- Pharmacy Practice, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, 236 Parks Hall, 500 W. 12(th) Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Shaboun S, Salama L, Salama R, Abdrabba F, Shabon F. Knowledge, Attitude, and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Final-Year Pharmacy and Medical Students in Benghazi, Libya. IBNOSINA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a growing branch of medicine that can improve the quality of life of many people. This study aimed to assess comparatively the knowledge, attitude, and use of CAM among graduation year pharmacy and medicine students at the University of Benghazi, Libya.
Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted among graduation year pharmacy and medicine students at the University of Benghazi for 4 months. The study tool was a self-administered online questionnaire and consisted of four main sections: demographic data, use, knowledge, and attitude toward CAM.
Results Most of the study respondents were females, and most were from Benghazi city. CAM use among pharmacy students was significantly higher (p-value= 0.001), with ruguia being the most commonly used modality (52.5%), followed by cupping-Al hijama and herbal medicine. Minor ailments and acute illnesses were the main medical conditions treated with CAM, and the unnecessary physician intervention was the top reason for practicing CAM among students. CAM knowledge and attitude were significantly higher among pharmacy students (p-value= 0.000 and 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion CAM was commonly practiced among the study participants. Their overall knowledge of CAM was limited, whereas their attitude toward it was positive, with pharmacy students having a better degree of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Shaboun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Lina Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Rima Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Fatma Abdrabba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Fawzia Shabon
- Benghazi Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
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Motoo Y, Yukawa K, Hisamura K, Arai I. Pharmacists’ perspectives on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine in Japan with special reference to Kampo medicines: an internet survey with preliminary interviews. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35227321 PMCID: PMC8887184 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-022-00238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacists guide patients in their use of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM). The present study aimed to evaluate the opinions of Japanese pharmacists regarding TCIM, and to evaluate the usability of the evidence-based Japanese Integrative Medicine (eJIM) website from the pharmacists’ point of view. Methods We conducted a two-stage, mixed-method study using interviews and an internet-based survey. In-person interviews were conducted with 20 pharmacists working in hospitals, dispensing pharmacies, or retail pharmacies. We analyzed their perspectives on TCIM and the usability of the eJIM. Based on the interviews, questionnaires for an internet survey conducted in February 2019 were developed. Results In the interviews, 55% of pharmacists acknowledged TCIM as a supportive measure for modern medicine, and 45% responded that TCIM was efficacious. However, pharmacists’ evaluation levels of Kampo medicine were high, whereas pharmacists’ attitudes towards dietary supplements were primarily negative. There have been various proposals to improve the eJIM, such as highlighting important information and providing more specific information on TCIM in Japan. An internet survey of 365 pharmacists showed that 67.4% were consulted by patients regarding TCIM. Of these TCIM, pharmacists’ evaluation levels of Kampo medicines were high. Only 5% of the respondents had visited the eJIM website prior to the survey, and the overall usability score of each web page was high. Conclusions Kampo medicines and dietary supplements are common TCIMs that pharmacists use or advise on in Japan. Pharmacists’ evaluation levels of Kampo medicine were high, whereas pharmacists’ attitudes towards dietary supplements were generally negative.
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Hussain FN, Rainkie D, Alali FQ, Wilby KJ. Association of pharmacy students' cultural beliefs with perceived knowledge, beliefs, confidence, and experience with complementary medicine. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:159-163. [PMID: 33454073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Culture has been shown to inform patients' acceptance and use of complementary medicine (CM) treatment. It is unknown how a pharmacist or pharmacy student's culture may be associated with perceptions of CM relating to patient care. Gaining a better understanding of this concept within student populations may inform educational needs for programs situated within culturally diverse settings. The purpose of this study was to explore how pharmacy students' cultural beliefs influence perceived knowledge, confidence, and practice with respect to CM. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING A cross-sectional survey was distributed to all undergraduate pharmacy (professional years 1-4) and postgraduate doctor of pharmacy students. Results from the item "CM is an important aspect of my culture" were correlated with all other items using Spearman's correlation coefficient. FINDINGS Senior students who had completed a two-credit hour course appeared to be more confident in their practice skills relating to CM and showed positive correlations with culture and effectiveness of CM. Senior students acknowledged the importance of CM knowledge as a student and within pharmacy practice. Junior students showed a positive correlation with culture and past use. SUMMARY Pharmacy students in the Ccollege of pharmacy were positive towards the use of CM, with culture playing an important role. Students who perceived CM as an important aspect of their culture were more confident in their practice skills relating to CM. Future research is required to assess impact of students' cultural beliefs on practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Naz Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Daniel Rainkie
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Feras Qasem Alali
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Awareness, Self-Use, Perceptions, Beliefs, and Attitudes toward Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) among Health Professional Students in King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7872819. [PMID: 32382305 PMCID: PMC7191386 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7872819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Around 75% of the world's population relies on the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for their healthcare. Thus, we aimed at assessing the attitude and perception of health professional students about CAM and correlate the results with their demographical data. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, by enrolling 350 students. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results Results of our data suggested that majority of students were aware of the CAM modalities and considered prayers/spirituality (83.6%), massage (72.5%), nutritional supplements (74.1%), cupping (68.5%), herbal medicine (66.2), and yoga (61.6%) as most effective and least harmful CAM modalities. The students acquired more information about CAM from media (55%), books (56%), friends/relatives (59.7%), and other health professionals (58.4%), however, very little information from formal CAM courses or training (36.7%), which shows the lack of courses and trained health professional in the field of CAM. Despite utilizing nonreliable sources of CAM information, the majority of students had positive attitudes and perceptions about CAM usage. Majority of the students (75.8%) believe in the use of CAM for the mental and spiritual aspect of health and think that CAM providers give good information on maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The data also showed a significant (P < 0.05) association between awareness about CAM and gender. A significantly higher percentage of female students were using yoga and aromatherapy, while cupping was mostly used by male students. Similarly, a significant association was found among the different colleges and level of students in most of the CAM modalities. However, no association was found between the awareness and use of CAM with the educational level of parents or relatives in health sector except for acupuncture and cupping, where student's awareness about acupuncture and cupping was found to have a significant positive association with mother educational level. On the other hand, a significant inverse association was found between acupuncture, yoga, cupping, and aromatherapy with family income. Conclusion In conclusion, despite the lack of proper courses and professionally trained healthcare providers in the field of CAM, students demonstrated positive attitudes and beliefs toward the safety and effectiveness of CAM.
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Boylan PM, Murzello A, Parmar J, Chow NK. Integration of Latin American Complementary and Alternative Medicine Topics Into a Doctor of Pharmacy Curriculum and Survey of Student Attitudes and Behaviors. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2020; 7:2382120520904121. [PMID: 32072013 PMCID: PMC6997959 DOI: 10.1177/2382120520904121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One in 3 adults report using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and as many as 7 in 10 Hispanic patients report CAM use. Pharmacists often encounter patients who use CAM products and therefore college of pharmacy curricular standards require both CAM and cultural competence training; however, there is little guidance for colleges on how to best deliver this material. In Fall 2017, Larkin University College of Pharmacy implemented a curricular change wherein first professional (P1) year pharmacy students selected, researched, and presented on a CAM product from Latin America. Pre-post surveys were administered to the students to measure their attitudes and behaviors toward CAM before and after completing their project. Survey results showed that student attitudes and behaviors toward CAM were largely unchanged; however, post-survey results showed that students agreed that they knew where to search for Latin American CAM information (P < 0.05). Integration of Latin American CAM topics was successfully implemented in the P1 year of a Doctor of Pharmacy degree curriculum to foster cultural competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Boylan
- Department of Clinical and
Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL,
USA
| | - Andrea Murzello
- Department of Clinical and
Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL,
USA
- Office of Experiential Education,
College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jayesh Parmar
- Department of Clinical and
Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL,
USA
| | - Nicholas K Chow
- Clinical Trials, Miami Cancer Institute,
Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
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Ashraf M, Saeed H, Saleem Z, Rathore HA, Rasool F, Tahir E, Bhatti T, Khalid J, Bhatti I, Tariq A. A cross-sectional assessment of knowledge, attitudes and self-perceived effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine among pharmacy and non-pharmacy university students. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:95. [PMID: 31053114 PMCID: PMC6500055 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Traditional medicine has always been Pakistan’s cultural heritage, providing health care to a large part of its population. Thus, we aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude, and perception about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) between pharmacy and non-pharmacy students, the results of which may be helpful in devising national health-education policy. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by enrolling 937 students, pharmacy (437) and non-pharmacy (500), of Punjab University, Lahore. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS. (IBM v22). Results Data suggested that majority of students knew about the use of traditional herbs and considered massage (P: 84.4%, NP: 82%, p = 0.099), homeopathy, herbs (P: 86.5%, NP: 81%, p = 0.064], yoga [P: 357 (81.7%), NP: 84%), p = 0.42] and spiritual healing (P: 85.6%, NP: 86.2%, p = 0.55) as effective and least harmful CAM modalities. The pharmacy students had better knowledge about CAM modalities compared to non-pharmacy students. Despite utilizing non-reliable sources of CAM information and their belief that CAM is practiced by quacks, the majority of students had positive attitudes and perceptions about CAM usage. Students also believed that CAM had a positive impact on health outcomes [P: 3.19 ± 1.04, NP: 3.02 ± 1.09, p = 0.008] and acceded to include CAM in the pharmacy curriculum. However, non-pharmacy students scored higher in their beliefs that CAM usage should be discouraged due to the non-scientific basis of CAM (P: 3.04 ± 0.97, NP: 3.17 ± 1.02, p = 0.028) and a possible threat to public health (P: 3.81 ± 1.74, NP: 4.06 ± 1.56, p = 0.02). On the other hand, pharmacy students believed that patients might get benefits from CAM modalities (P: 4.31 ± 1.48, NP: 4.12 ± 1.45, p = 0.02). Majority of students perceived that spiritual healing is the most useful and safer CAM modality, while acupuncture (P: 25.4%, NP: 21.8%, p = 0.0005), hypnosis (P: 26.8%, NP: 19.6%, p = 0.001) and chiropractic (P: 18.8%, NP: 11.6%, p = 0.0005) were among the harmful ones. Conclusion In conclusion, despite poor knowledge about CAM, students demonstrated positive attitudes and beliefs regarding CAM. They exhibited better awareness about yoga, spiritual healing/prayer, herbs, and massage. Students also showed willingness to advance their knowledge about CAM and favored its inclusion in the curriculum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2503-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Samara AM, Barabra ER, Quzaih HN, Zyoud SH. Use and acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine among medical students: a cross sectional study from Palestine. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:78. [PMID: 30940118 PMCID: PMC6444598 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in medical schools is becoming prevalent worldwide. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate medical students' knowledge and attitude toward CAM. Therefore, this study was designed to assess CAM knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among Palestinian medical students. METHODS This study was developed in a cross-sectional design. It targeted medical students at An-Najah National University, between January and April of 2018. We gathered the data from students using a questionnaire printed as a hard copy. Medical students of both sexes in their 4th, 5th, or 6th year of studies were included in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: demographic characteristics and detailed practices of the participants, their attitude and held beliefs towards CAM, and their knowledge on CAM. Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used to test if there were differences between knowledge about CAM and the characteristics of the participants. RESULTS Of the 300 medical students who were offered the questionnaire, 251 students (43.8% male and 56.2% female) were included in the final analysis. Out of a maximum of 8 points, the mean knowledge score of the participants was 2.0 ± 1.6. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference in overall knowledge score among students of different year groups, with students at lower levels obtaining higher scores (P < 0.001). Additionally, the highest knowledge scores were found in students with low income, and students who came from the Palestinian refugee camps (P < 0.001). Students frequently recommended CAM modalities, with herbal medicine being the most recognized and used CAM modality and Ayurvedic medicine being the least recognized and recommended one. Social media was the most popular source of information about CAM, cited by 72.9% of the participants. Participants generally had a good attitude towards CAM but held varying beliefs about it. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, a knowledge gap regarding CAM was found among medical students in our sample, despite their good attitude towards the subject. Also, there was a general acceptance to include materials on CAM within the curriculum of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M. Samara
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Ethar R. Barabra
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Hala N. Quzaih
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Sa’ed H. Zyoud
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fPoison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
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Tarhan N, Arslan M, Şar S. A structural equation model for pharmacy students’ acquiring knowledge-based behavior towards complementary and alternative medicine. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zhang Y, Phipps LB, McDaniel J. Pharmacognosy, a Classical Theme Tuned to a Contemporary Melody. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2017; 81:5953. [PMID: 29200449 PMCID: PMC5701324 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To describe the development of a pharmacognosy course that uses a combination of didactic teaching, team-based projects, and practicum laboratory practice. Methods. A course titled "Pharmacognosy" was developed by applying a three-tier teaching methodology: in the classroom, the basic concepts and principles were introduced in a didactic manner; outside the classroom, students worked in teams and each team created an independent literature-based research project that was submitted as a poster presentation; in the pharmacy practicum laboratory, students worked individually and conducted a quality control experiment comprised of a quantitative analysis of an herbal product. Results. During the seven-year course implementation, 1091 first-year PharmD students participated in the course. Their performance was consistently satisfactory. On average, 30% of students in each class received a grade of "A" and teams received a "B" and above on their projects. Conclusion. The pharmacognosy course, equipped with concurrent teaching methods, implemented with a group research project, and reinforced by practicum laboratory experience, has reached the original goal of introducing a classical topic in an updated and contemporary fashion to meet the requirement of integrated pharmacy education and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lisa B. Phipps
- Office of Learning Innovation & Student Success, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jennifer McDaniel
- Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Liem A, Newcombe PA. Indonesian provisional clinical psychologists' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards complementary-alternative medicine (CAM). Complement Ther Clin Pract 2017; 28:204-211. [PMID: 28779931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sixty provisional clinical psychologists in Indonesia were emailed to seek their participation in an online-questionnaire that reflected: CAM knowledge, attitudes CAM, and CAM behaviours. Of the 60 participants approached, 44 with majority of female (95%) completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 25 years. Overall, participants reported low knowledge of CAM and attitudes towards CAM were positive. While 73% reported having recommended CAM to their clients, only 39% had ever made referral. Most of the participants (98%) had used CAM personally but just over half (59%) had ever used it in clinical practice. It was found that knowledge and attitudes towards CAM did not predict CAM recommendation, personal use, nor professional use among the participants. However, CAM knowledge was found to predict CAM referrals. It is assumed that positive attitudes towards CAM integration among participants has been conflicted with their concern for CAM safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrian Liem
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia.
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Anwar M, Norris P, Green J, Au S, Li G, Ma M, Prentice R, Shum A, Siaw LA, Yoo S, Zhang S. Pharmacy students' use of and beliefs about traditional healthcare. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:895-904. [PMID: 24711106 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Health professional students come from many different cultural backgrounds, and may be users of traditional healthcare (also known as ethnomedicine or folk medicine). This study aimed to explore New Zealand pharmacy students' knowledge and beliefs about traditional healthcare, and to examine whether these changed during the course. A questionnaire was administered to students in 2011 and again in 2013. Students were from a wide range of ethnic groups. Their reported use of traditional healthcare increased (from 48% in 2011 to 61% in 2013) and was usually for minor illness or prevention. Non New Zealand European students were more likely to use traditional healthcare. Use of traditional healthcare was relatively common, and after exposure to a biomedical curriculum students seemed to be more, rather than less likely to report using traditional healthcare. Education about traditional healthcare should not be based on the assumption that all healthcare students are unfamiliar with, or non-users of, traditional healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Anwar
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Sárváry A, Demcsák LH, Radó S, Takács P, Sárváry A. Student nurses, midwives and health visitors' attitudes, knowledge, and experience of complementary and alternative medicine in Hungary. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bajis D, Chaar B, Penm J, Moles R. Competency-based pharmacy education in the Eastern Mediterranean Region-A scoping review. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2016; 8:401-428. [PMID: 30070251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework (GbCF) was developed as a mapping tool to provide guidance for foundation level pharmacy practice and professional development. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) with a deep rooted pharmacy history is yet to adopt an explicit competency framework. OBJECTIVE To review the literature for evidence of competency-based pharmacy education in the EMR, including pharmacists' and pharmacy students' perceptions of knowledge and skills acquired during training at undergraduate, post-graduate, and life-long learning levels. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2014. Titles and abstracts were screened according to the inclusion criteria. Full articles identified for inclusion were assessed and mapped to a relevant domain of the GbCF. RESULTS Totally, 57 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies portrayed pharmacists' and pharmacy students' opinions regarding educational aspects of their experiences. Participants generally cited the need for more practice-based training, modernization of curriculum, continuing pharmacist education and greater involvement in public health promotion, and research to strengthen professional competency. Interventional studies-enhanced knowledge and skills after training was provided to pharmacists and pharmacy students. No studies pertaining to the organization and management domain of the GbCF were found. CONCLUSION Despite paucity of studies that specifically investigated aspects of competency-based pharmacy education in the EMR, results provided impressions of what participants perceived as beneficial, or lacking in their education to attain certain competencies. Results point toward the need to implement a competency framework specific to the EMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Bajis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; World Hospital Pharmacy Research Consortium (WHoPReC).
| | - Betty Chaar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; World Hospital Pharmacy Research Consortium (WHoPReC)
| | - Jonathan Penm
- World Hospital Pharmacy Research Consortium (WHoPReC); James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, US
| | - Rebekah Moles
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; World Hospital Pharmacy Research Consortium (WHoPReC)
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Mustafa G, Bashir N, Aslam M. Parental beliefs and practice of spiritual methods for their sick children at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan- a cross sectional questionnaire study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:14. [PMID: 26758383 PMCID: PMC4710972 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-0986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) comprises a variety of health care systems, practices, and products that are not usually thought to be part of allopathic medicine. This study investigated the parental beliefs and practices for use of spiritual methods in the treatment and early recovery of their children. Methods We performed a cross-sectional, descriptive study with convenience sampling of parents/caregivers of sick children who were admitted to the Children’s Hospital in Multan. A trained interviewer collected the data. Results A total of 1280 forms were analyzed. The majority of respondents were mothers (1053, 82.4 %), they resided in Multan (817, 63.8 %), and were not educated (754, 58.9 %). A total of 420 (32.8 %) respondents had a low socioeconomic background, 601 (47 %) were middle class, and 259 (20.2 %) were upper class. Grandmothers/mothers advised spiritual methods in the majority of respondents (605, 85.9 %). The parents used a variety of spiritual methods in 704 (55 %) children. Economic status and education showed an inverse relation with the use of CAM. A total of 809 (63.2 %) respondents believed that only a drug would heal the disease, while 575 (44.9 %) believed that spiritual methods have a 25 %–50 % role in healing. A total of 1269 (99.1 %) respondents believed that allopathic drugs are needed for healing, while only 0.9 % considered otherwise. Conclusion The majority of people believe that CAM is a contributory factor towards healing and does not interfere with allopathic treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-0986-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Geldenhuys WJ, Cudnik ML, Krinsky DL, Darvesh AS. Evolution of a Natural Products and Nutraceuticals Course in the Pharmacy Curriculum. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2015; 79:82. [PMID: 26430269 PMCID: PMC4584374 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe79682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To develop, implement, and modify a required, second-year pharmacy course that provides an understanding of the scientific, therapeutic, and clinical principles, as well as the evidence-based medicine underlying the use of natural products. Design. A 28-hour, multi-faculty course was developed and offered in 2008. The course was modified over the years to enhance students' practice skills in the use of natural products. A course evaluation and survey were administered to assess the students' opinions. Assessment. Students performed well in the course and provided favorable evaluations, especially for the latest offering. Students reported significantly improved skills in providing advice to patients regarding the use of natural products. Conclusion. The course increased the students' knowledge and application of information and counseling skills regarding natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle L Cudnik
- Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Daniel L Krinsky
- Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Altaf S Darvesh
- Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, Ohio
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Al Mansour MA, Mohamed EY, Abdalla SM, Medani KA, Mahmoud WS, Meraj SA. Satisfaction, self-use and perception of medical students in Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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James PB, Bah AJ. Awareness, use, attitude and perceived need for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) education among undergraduate pharmacy students in Sierra Leone: a descriptive cross-sectional survey. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:438. [PMID: 25380656 PMCID: PMC4236455 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of CAM around the world requires health professionals including pharmacists to have the required knowledge to better advise their patients. This has lead to an increased need for the inclusion of CAM instruction into the mainstream undergraduate Pharmacy education. This study was designed to describe pharmacy students awareness, use, attitude and perceived need for CAM education at COMAHS-USL and at the same time, determine how these descriptive outcomes are influenced by the socio-demographic variables considered in this study. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate pharmacy students (n = 90) at the College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone using a structured questionnaire. Chi square, fisher exact test, and general linear model univariate analysis were used to compare data between independent cohorts. RESULTS All 90 (100%) of the students were aware and have used (except Ayurveda) at least one of the listed CAM modalities. Herbal/Botanical/Supplements followed by Spirituality/Prayer were the most commonly known and used CAM modalities. Almost two thirds of students considered the CAM modalities they have used to be effective and not harmful. Overall, pharmacy students had a positive attitude towards CAM (Mean attitudinal score = 34.9 ± 4. 5 (range 19-43)) with fourth and fifth year students showing a significantly less positive attitude as compared to the first, second and third year (B = -3.203 p = 0.001, 95% confidence interval -5.093 to -1.314). The media [53 (58.9%)] was the most frequent source of information about CAM. Nearly all students [89 (98.9%)] agreed that CAM knowledge is important to them as future pharmacist and that CAM should be included into the Pharmacy curriculum at COMAHS-USL [81 (90.0%)]. CONCLUSION Pharmacy students in Sierra Leone are aware of and have used at least one of the CAM modalities and do show a positive attitude towards CAM. This was demonstrated by their overwhelming endorsement for CAM course to be part of the undergraduate pharmacy training at COMAHS-USL. This study among others will inform and guide the development and implementation of CAM instruction at COMAHS-USL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B James
- />Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- />Complementary and Alternative Medicine Department, Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone, Medical Stores, Compound New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Abdulai J Bah
- />Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- />Complementary and Alternative Medicine Department, Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone, Medical Stores, Compound New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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Ahmad A, Khan MU, Kumar BD, Kumar GS, Rodriguez SP, Patel I. Beliefs, attitudes and self-use of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy medicines among senior pharmacy students: An exploratory insight from Andhra Pradesh, India. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 7:302-8. [PMID: 26692742 PMCID: PMC4660507 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.158438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the beliefs, attitudes and self-use of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) medicines among senior pharmacy students. METHODOLOGY This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among pharmacy students in four pharmacy schools located in Andhra Pradesh in South India. This study was conducted from the August to September 2014. The study population included all pharmacy students enrolled in Doctor of Pharmacy, Bachelor of Pharmacy and Diploma in Pharmacy programs in studied pharmacy schools. The pretested AYUSH survey had 8 questions on AYUSH related beliefs and 8 question on AYUSH related attitudes. The survey also asked participants about AYUSH related knowledge, frequency of use of AYUSH and the reason for using AYUSH. The data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were employed to study the association between the independent and dependent variables. RESULTS A total of 428 pharmacy students participated in the survey. 32.2% of the study population was females and 32.5% of the population resided in rural areas. Males were more likely to have positive beliefs about AYUSH when compared to females (odd ratio [OR] = 4.62, confidence interval [CI] = 2.37-8.99, P < 0.001). Similarly, students living in hostels were more positive in their beliefs about AYUSH compared with students living at home (OR = 2.14, CI = 1.12-4.07, P < 0.05). Students living in hostel also had a positive attitude about AYUSH use (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.03-2.93, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pharmacy students held favorable attitude and beliefs about AYUSH use. This baseline survey provides important information about the pharmacy student's perception about AYUSH. Further research is needed to explore the reasons that shape the pharmacy student's beliefs and attitudes about AYUSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Umair Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bandari Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Gogikar Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Stephanie Perez Rodriguez
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, USA
| | - Isha Patel
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, USA
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Wahab MSA, Ali AA, Zulkifly HH, Aziz NA. The need for evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) information in Malaysian pharmacy curricula based on pharmacy students’ attitudes and perceptions towards CAM. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING AND LEARNING 2014; 6:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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