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Hudmon KS, Lahey AM, Czarnik JS, Elkhadragy N, Corelli RL. Tobacco Education in Doctor of Pharmacy Programs in the United States (2021-2022). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100120. [PMID: 37914465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize (1) tobacco cessation content, delivery, and assessment methods, (2) faculty perceptions of content adequacy, and (3) faculty interest in enhancing curricular content as a result of pharmacists' new, expanding role in prescribing tobacco cessation medications. METHODS One faculty member responsible for teaching tobacco cessation-related content at each college and school of pharmacy was invited to participate in a national, web-based survey. Survey items assessed various aspects of tobacco education and gauged faculty interest in attending a train-the-trainer program and integrating Tobacco Treatment Specialist training as part of the curriculum at their institution. RESULTS Of 132 survey respondents (93.0% response), 98.5% reported integrating tobacco cessation into the required curriculum, and 15.2% integrated the content into an elective course. The median number of formal educational hours was 5.0 (range, 1.0-18.0). One-third (33.3%) assessed students' tobacco cessation competency using objective structured clinical examinations. Most (83.8%) felt that their institution has adequate faculty expertise to teach comprehensive tobacco cessation, and 98.5% were interested in attending a train-the-trainer program for pharmacy faculty to learn to educate students on the latest developments of pharmacist-provided tobacco cessation. Similarly, 95.4% were interested in incorporating Tobacco Treatment Specialist training into their Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum. CONCLUSION Given the expanding scope of pharmacists' practice for prescribing tobacco cessation medications, there is a need to enhance curricular content in Doctor of Pharmacy programs. Current faculty expressed interest in expanding coursework to enable their graduates to work at the top of their license when treating tobacco use and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa M Lahey
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Julia S Czarnik
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nervana Elkhadragy
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA; University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Robin L Corelli
- University of California San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nichols MA, Riley EG, Chao AS, Sales CG, Miller ML, Curran GM, Ott CA, Snyder ME, Hudmon KS. Opioid Use Disorder Curricular Content in US-Based Doctor of Pharmacy Programs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100061. [PMID: 37316134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the instructional settings, delivery methods, and assessment methods of opioid use disorder (OUD) content in Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs; assess faculty perceptions of OUD content; and assess faculty perceptions of a shared OUD curriculum. METHODS This national, cross-sectional, descriptive survey study was designed to characterize OUD content, faculty perceptions, and faculty and institutional demographics. A contact list was developed for accredited, US-based PharmD programs with publicly-accessible online faculty directories (n = 137). Recruitment and telephone survey administration occurred between August and December 2021. Descriptive statistics were computed for all items. Open-ended items were reviewed to identify common themes. RESULTS A faculty member from 67 (48.9%) of 137 institutions contacted completed the survey. All programs incorporated OUD content into required coursework. Didactic lectures were the most common delivery method (98.5%). Programs delivered a median of 7.0 h (range, 1.5-33.0) of OUD content in required coursework, with 85.1% achieving the 4-hour minimum for substance use disorder-related content recommended by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Just over half (56.8%) of faculty agreed or strongly agreed that their students were adequately prepared to provide opioid interventions; however, 50.0% or fewer perceived topics such as prescription interventions, screening and assessment interventions, resource referral interventions, and stigma to be covered adequately. Almost all (97.0%) indicated moderate, high, or extremely high interest in a shared OUD curriculum. CONCLUSION Enhanced OUD education is needed in PharmD programs. A shared OUD curriculum was of interest to faculty and should be explored as a potentially viable solution for addressing this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Nichols
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | | | | | - Carmina G Sales
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Monica L Miller
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Curran
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Carol A Ott
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Margie E Snyder
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Corelli RL, Merchant KR, Hilts KE, Kroon LA, Vatanka P, Hille BT, Hudmon KS. Community pharmacy technicians' engagement in the delivery of brief tobacco cessation interventions: Results of a randomized trial. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:3158-3163. [PMID: 34544660 PMCID: PMC8898316 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the role of community pharmacy technicians has expanded to include involvement in the provision of brief tobacco cessation interventions. While technicians appear to be a key component in this service, their level of engagement and associated perceptions of this new role have not been described. OBJECTIVE To compare pharmacy technicians' frequency of involvement in brief tobacco cessation interventions delivered in a community pharmacy setting, as a function of training approach, and to characterize their perceptions of this expanded role, including barriers to implementation. METHODS Twenty California-based grocery store chain pharmacies were randomized to receive (a) written training materials-only [minimal] or (b) written training materials plus live training with coaching and active monitoring by pharmacy management [intensive]. After written materials were distributed to the sites, tobacco cessation interventions were documented prospectively for 12 weeks post-training. RESULTS Over the 12-week study, technicians (n = 50) documented their involvement in 524 interventions (57.7% of 908 total), with the minimal group accounting for 56.1% and the intensive group accounting for 43.9% (p < 0.001). The number of individual technicians who reported at least one intervention was 16 (of 26; 61.5%) in the minimal group and 24 (of 24; 100%) in the intensive group (p < 0.001). At the conclusion of the study, 100% of technicians in the intensive group self-rated their ability to interact with patients about quitting smoking as good, very good, or excellent compared to 73.9% in the minimal group (p = 0.10). CONCLUSION In both study arms, technicians documented high numbers of tobacco cessation interventions. The higher proportion of technicians providing one or more interventions in the intensive group suggests a greater overall engagement in the process, relative to those receiving minimal training. Technicians can play a key role in the delivery of tobacco cessation interventions in community pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Corelli
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kyle R Merchant
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katy Ellis Hilts
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lisa A Kroon
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Parisa Vatanka
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; American Pharmacists Association, Washington DC, 20037, USA
| | | | - Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Implementing Brief Tobacco Cessation Interventions in Community Pharmacies: An Application of Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory. PHARMACY 2022; 10:pharmacy10030056. [PMID: 35736771 PMCID: PMC9230644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacists, as highly accessible members of the healthcare team, have considerable potential to address tobacco use among patients. However, while published data suggest that pharmacists are effective in helping patients quit, barriers exist to routine implementation of cessation services in community pharmacy settings. Within the context of a randomized trial (n = 64 pharmacies), surveys were administered over a period of 6 months to assess pharmacists’ perceptions of factors associated with the implementation of “Ask-Advise-Refer”, a brief intervention approach that facilitates patient referrals to the tobacco quitline. Study measures, grounded in Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory, assessed pharmacists’ perceptions of implementation facilitators and barriers, perceptions of intervention materials provided, and perceived efforts and personal success in implementing Ask-Advise-Refer at 6-months follow-up. Findings indicate that while the brief intervention approach was not difficult to understand or implement, integration into normal workflows presents greater challenges and is associated with overall confidence and implementation success. Lack of time was the most significant barrier to routine implementation. Most (90.6%) believed that community pharmacies should be active in promoting tobacco quitlines. Study results can inform future development of systems-based approaches that lead to broad-scale adoption of brief interventions, including but not limited to tobacco cessation, in pharmacy settings.
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Sakka S, Al-Shatanawi TN, Bataineh DZ, Haddad W, Al Tamimi S, Al Salamat H, Al-Mistarehi AH, Alsulaiman J, Kheirallah K. Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers towards smoking cessation services among community pharmacists. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2022; 20:2637. [PMID: 35497892 PMCID: PMC9014907 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2022.1.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction With more than one billion current smokers, 80% of them living in low and middle-income countries, tobacco smoking is considered a global public health problem. Jordan has one of the highest estimate rates of tobacco use in the region and world. Still, tobacco use interventions, that could significantly reduce the number of smoking-related diseases and reduce health care costs, are scarce. While such interventions could be carried out by community pharmacists, given their unique position to counsel patients and provide effective cessation interventions, the role of community pharmacists in tobacco control services in Jordan has never been fully investigated. Objective This study aimed at assessing the community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practice towards smoking cessation and identifying their perceived barriers for smoking cessation counselling utilizing a sample of community pharmacists in Northern Jordan. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacies in Irbid city, North of Jordan, between April and August 2018. A random sample of 95 pharmacies was selected using the multistage random sampling technique. A structured English questionnaire, consisting of 5 parts, was used. The Survey assessed pharmacists' socio-demographics, knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers related to tobacco use cessation services. Results One hundred and fifty pharmacists completed the survey. Their mean age was 30.71±10.10 years. The mean of pharmacists' knowledge score was 3.74±0.38, while their positive and negative attitude were 3.87±0.43 and 3.18±0.66 respectively. Pharmacists' mean smoking cessation practice was 2.01+0.64. Barriers to providing cessation interventions included the lack of training on nicotine replacement therapy products (86%), the lack of smoking cessation programs (84%) and low demands from smokers (83.3%). Conclusion While knowledge related to tobacco use cessation services among the community pharmacists was sub-optimal, a good positive attitude and a low practice levels were observed. The lack of educational materials, low patients' demand, knowledge deficits, low training and the lack of cessation programs have been identified as barriers hindering the provision of smoking cessation services. Furthermore, the study identified factors that will increase community pharmacists' participation in smoking cessation, help in raising pharmacists' awareness of smoking as a public health problem and the importance of their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Sakka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al Salt-19117, Jordan.
| | - Tariq N Al-Shatanawi
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan.
| | - Dina Ziad Bataineh
- Department of Public Health and family Medicine, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Waleed Haddad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al Salt, Jordan.
| | - Shawkat Al Tamimi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al Salt, Jordan.
| | - Husam Al Salamat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman - 11942, Jordan& Faculty of Medicine, Al Balqa Applied University, Al- Salt, Jordan.
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and family Medicine, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | | | - Khalid Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and family Medicine, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Condinho M, Ramalhinho I, Sinogas C. Smoking Cessation at the Community Pharmacy: Determinants of Success from a Real-Life Practice. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9030143. [PMID: 34449711 PMCID: PMC8396305 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to report the contribution of pharmacists to smoking cessation and study the determinants of smoking cessation success in eight pharmacies in Portugal (south) between 2009 and 2019. A real-life study was conducted with a sample of smokers who participated in pharmacist consultations. The sample included 135 smokers (average age of 47.9 ± 1.21 years), 79 (58.5%) of whom were male. In parallel with the motivation and behavioral approach, 116 (85.9%) smokers received pharmacological therapies: 108 (80.0%) were treated with nicotine replacement products and eight (5.9%) with non-nicotine medications. The interventions resulted in 70 (51.9%) smokers complying with the quit day, of whom 59 (43.7%) were smoking-abstinent at the end of the first month. Success rates were reduced to 32.6%, 28.1%, and 20.7% at the end of the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months, respectively. Smoking cessation was more successful for the participants receiving pharmacological therapies (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001) and those who participated in more pharmacist consultations (χ2 = 59.994, p < 0.001) and more telephone sessions (χ2 = 17.845, p < 0.001). Pharmacists can contribute significantly to the promotion of smoking cessation. Smokers who are more thoroughly followed up by pharmacists showed increased success rates when compared with smokers having fewer sessions with pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Condinho
- AcF—Acompanhamento Farmacoterapêutico Lda, 7490-324 Pavia, Portugal; (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ramalhinho
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Sinogas
- AcF—Acompanhamento Farmacoterapêutico Lda, 7490-324 Pavia, Portugal; (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
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Hudmon KS, Vitale FM, Elkhadragy N, Corelli RL, Strickland SL, Varekojis SM, Heeg MO. Evaluation of an Interprofessional Tobacco Cessation Train-the-Trainer Program for Respiratory Therapy Faculty. Respir Care 2021; 66:475-481. [PMID: 32900914 PMCID: PMC9994066 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.07791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tobacco use is the leading cause of numerous preventable diseases, including respiratory illnesses, respiratory therapy students historically have received inadequate education for treating tobacco use and dependence. To address this gap, a respiratory-specific tobacco cessation training program was created and disseminated via a train-the-trainer approach for faculty in respiratory therapy and respiratory care programs across the United States. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of the live, web-based, train-the-trainer programs on participating faculty, and to assess changes in the extent of adoption of tobacco cessation content in respiratory therapy curricula across institutions in the United States. METHODS Five live, 2.5-h web-based train-the-trainer programs for respiratory therapy faculty were conducted. To characterize impact of this national initiative, surveys were administered at baseline, immediately after training, and then at the end of the subsequent academic year. RESULTS A total of 270 respiratory therapy faculty members participated in a live webinar training, representing 248 of the 402 (61.7%) respiratory therapy schools in the United States. At the end of the subsequent academic year, faculty reported significant improvement in their overall ability to teach tobacco cessation (P < .001). Nearly all (97.4%) agreed that the webinar train-the-trainer format was conducive to learning, and high self-ratings were reported for skills to teach the tobacco cessation content. During the 2016-2017 academic year, 1,248 respiratory therapy students received training. Faculty anticipated teaching a median of 3 h of tobacco cessation in the subsequent academic year. CONCLUSIONS Training respiratory therapy faculty using a train-the-trainer approach had a positive impact on faculty's perceived confidence and ability to teach tobacco cessation at their institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Francis M Vitale
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nervana Elkhadragy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Robin L Corelli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Sarah M Varekojis
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marlene O Heeg
- Office of Continuing Education and Professional Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Elkhadragy N, Corelli RL, Zillich AJ, Campbell NL, Hudmon KS. Long-term evaluation of a train-the-trainer workshop for pharmacy faculty using the RE-AIM framework. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 17:1562-1569. [PMID: 33551208 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although two thirds of tobacco users express interest in quitting, few pharmacists address tobacco use as part of routine practice. Historically, pharmacy schools provided inadequate tobacco cessation training for students. To address this educational gap, train-the-trainer workshops were conducted between 2003 and 2005 to train pharmacy faculty (n = 191) to teach a shared, national tobacco cessation curriculum at their academic institutions. OBJECTIVE To characterize faculty perceptions of the train-the-trainer workshops and estimate the long-term reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) of the shared curriculum at pharmacy schools. METHODS This study is the second phase of a sequential mixed methods study. Results from Phase 1, a qualitative study, informed the development of survey items for Phase 2. Applying the RE-AIM framework, a web-based survey was developed and administered to train-the-trainer participants. RESULTS Of 191 trainees, 137 were locatable; of these, 111 completed a survey (81.0%). Most (n = 87; 78.4%) reported current employment in academia. The most highly rated reason for attending a workshop was to improve teaching of tobacco cessation content, and 98.1% reported moderate or high confidence for teaching tobacco cessation. Among those who practice in a clinical setting, 70.6% reported asking their patients about tobacco use all or almost all the time. Just over three fourths of faculty respondents who work in academia believe that shared curricula should be more broadly considered for use in pharmacy schools, and 79.0% agreed that shared curricula are a cost-effective approach to teaching. CONCLUSION Evidence is provided for long-term reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Rx for Change shared tobacco cessation training program. Participants perceived that the workshop resulted in long-term, positive effects on their careers as well as their teaching and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nervana Elkhadragy
- University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA; Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Robin L Corelli
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, 533 Parnassus Avenue [U-585], San Francisco, CA, 94143-0622, USA.
| | - Alan J Zillich
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Noll L Campbell
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, 533 Parnassus Avenue [U-585], San Francisco, CA, 94143-0622, USA.
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Dang YH. Attitudes and Perceptions of Tobacco-Related Products in College Students. Innov Pharm 2020; 11:10.24926/iip.v11i3.3215. [PMID: 34007628 PMCID: PMC8075141 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v11i3.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the highly publicized health consequences, some college students do not perceive tobacco consumption as harmful. Historically-Black College and Universities (HBCUs) have the lowest rates of tobacco-free policies compared to other colleges, universities, and minority-serving institutions, making their students at higher risk for tobacco abuse. A campus Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Prevention Committee (ATDP) was formed and led by a pharmacist to develop all tobacco cessation policies at the HBCU. OBJECTIVES (1) To determine the knowledge and attitudes of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarettes, and hookah among college students in a rural area with high tobacco usage; (2) To assess perceptions on the effectiveness of smoking cessation resources on the college campus led by the ATDP committee. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 99 students between 18 - 26 years attending a HBCU in Maryland. The online survey was disseminated to assess student's health behaviors and attitudes towards tobacco products and their successfulness in abstinence using campus resources with the Health Belief Model. RESULTS Participants had more perceived harms with smoking tobacco (cigarettes and cigars) and smokeless tobacco, and greater perceived benefits with using electronic cigarettes and hookah (P < 0.001). Most students had limited knowledge of the four tobacco categories (5.8 ± 2.6 on a 10-point Likert scale). Self-efficacy to quit was 4.2 ± 1.7 on a 10-point Likert scale despite the current resources at the HBCU. CONCLUSION Students had a perceived benefits sequential rank order with hookah, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, followed by smoking tobacco. Campuses should investigate barriers for abstinence, raise awareness about the dangers of tobacco, and create programs that enhance self-efficacy when quitting. INNOVATION AND PRACTICE IMPLICATION This is the first study of its kind that compares all major tobacco products head-to-head in a rural and underrepresented population. Additionally, the development of a campus-wide tobacco policy was novel as it was pharmacist-led. The results show this population has limited knowledge of tobacco products with more perceived benefits among newer nicotine delivery systems. Targeted education and public health programs should be implemented to prevent this susceptible group from initiating and continuing tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen H. Dang
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Department of Pharmacy Practice
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Interest in Tobacco and Smoking Cessation Interventions Among Pharmacists and Student Pharmacists in a High Prevalence State. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Across all care environments, pharmacists play an essential role in the care of people who use and misuse psychoactive substances, including those diagnosed with substance use disorders. To optimize, sustain, and expand these independent and collaborative roles, the Association for Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance Use and Addiction (AMERSA) has developed core competencies for pharmacists to address substance use in the 21st century. Key concepts, skills, and attitudes are outlined, with links to entrustable professional activities to assist with integration into a variety of ideally interdisciplinary curricular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Bratberg
- Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Tobari H, Takahashi Y, Yamagishi K, Sugiura M. Tobacco cessation training in 6-year pharmacy schools in Japan: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027971. [PMID: 31300498 PMCID: PMC6629421 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the extent of tobacco cessation training content, including the introduction of a comprehensive programme; and the presence of tobacco-related topics, including new tobacco products, school years and course of training, educators, and attitudes and policies relevant to tobacco education in pharmacy schools in Japan. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. SETTING All pharmacy schools in Japan with a 6-year course of training were invited to participate. METHODS Pharmacy schools in Japan that agreed to participate in a web-based survey asking about tobacco cessation training, and attitudes and policies relevant to tobacco education. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of pharmacy schools that introduced comprehensive tobacco cessation training in their curriculum. The secondary outcome was to clarify the curriculum coverage of 9 basic knowledge and 10 tobacco cessation-specific topics, including new tobacco products. RESULTS Of the 75 pharmacy schools with a 6-year course in Japan, 52 (74%) responded to the survey. While 27 (52%) schools reported that comprehensive tobacco cessation training would be beneficial, only 1 school had introduced it as a one-credit elective course in the fifth year. Basic knowledge topics for tobacco cessation listed in or related to the Model Core Curriculum were covered by 44%-65% of the schools, while practical skills were covered in 10%-19% of the schools. Only seven schools (14%) introduced the topic of new tobacco products in their curriculum. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that comprehensive tobacco cessation training is not generally offered in pharmacy schools in Japan. The Model Core Curriculum should revise its standards to implement updated tobacco cessation training programmes to keep up with new tobacco products and to train pharmacy students on counselling users of such products. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences No. 17 - 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tobari
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Munetoshi Sugiura
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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Elkhadragy N, Corelli RL, Russ AL, Snyder ME, Clabaugh M, Hudmon KS. Faculty perceptions of a tobacco cessation train-the-trainer workshop and experiences with implementation: A qualitative follow-up study. Res Social Adm Pharm 2019; 15:1436-1445. [PMID: 30737194 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 2003 and 2005, pharmacy faculty members (n = 191) participated in a national train-the-trainer workshop designed to equip faculty with the necessary knowledge and skills to implement a shared curriculum, Rx for Change: Clinician-Assisted Tobacco Cessation, at pharmacy schools across the United States. OBJECTIVE To conduct a long-term, qualitative follow-up study of faculty participants to describe (a) perceptions of the train-the-trainer workshop, and (b) subsequent experiences with curricular implementation. Results of this investigation will inform a national survey of all train-the-trainer participants. METHODS Participants were selected via random sampling from the group of 191 faculty members who participated in the workshop. Semi-structured telephone interviews with participants were audio-recorded and transcribed, and qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Eighteen (62%) of 29 invited individuals participated in the interviews. All participants reported implementing components of Rx for Change at their institution. The analysis yielded eight major themes pertaining to faculty perceptions and experiences with implementation: (1) accessibility to tools for teaching, (2) increased confidence and skills, (3) flexibility delivering the curriculum, (4) factors facilitating implementation and challenges encountered by faculty, (5) enhancement in treating tobacco users in clinical practice, (6) students' confidence and cognizance of the pharmacists' role as a public health advocate, (7) networking and career development opportunities, and (8) useful background for research. CONCLUSION Participation in the train-the-trainer workshop increased self-reported confidence for teaching tobacco cessation, and faculty valued access to useful, updated tools for teaching. Furthermore, their newly acquired counseling skills were deemed helpful for treating patients' tobacco use and dependence in clinical practice. Participants also perceived improved pharmacy students' confidence and beneficial networking opportunities. Results can help future trainers understand faculty experiences with implementing a shared, national curriculum and inform faculty participants of some of the potential long-term outcomes as a result of participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nervana Elkhadragy
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Robin L Corelli
- University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, 533 Parnassus Avenue [U-585], San Francisco, CA, 94143-0622, USA.
| | - Alissa L Russ
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Margie E Snyder
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Mercedes Clabaugh
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, 533 Parnassus Avenue [U-585], San Francisco, CA, 94143-0622, USA.
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Corelli R, Cheung K, Ankrah D, Blatt M, Hudmon K. Impact of a Shared Tobacco Cessation Curriculum in California Schools of Pharmacy. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PHARMACY PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.37901/jcphp17-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:
To characterize the long-term impact of a shared, evidence-based tobacco cessation curriculum (Rx for Change) on tobacco-related education in California schools of pharmacy (n=8).
Methods:
Faculty members responsible for teaching tobacco-related content completed a survey assessing implementation of tobacco education, curricular time devoted to tobacco, and teaching and assessment methods utilized. Using historical data, the total number of students trained since 2000 was estimated.
Results:
All schools utilized the shared curriculum, and in 2012–2013, a median of 435 minutes (range: 240–600 minutes) was devoted to tobacco-related content within required curricula. Between 2000 and 2013, an estimated 10,616 pharmacy students in California received Rx for Change training.
Conclusion:
After more than a decade, a shared tobacco cessation curriculum continues to be widely utilized and provides a strong foundation for legislative efforts to enhance pharmacists' scope of practice related to prescriptive authority for tobacco cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Corelli
- University of California-San Francisco, School of Pharmacy
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Nduaguba SO, Ford KH, Bamgbade BA, Ubanyionwu O. Comparison of pharmacy students' self-efficacy to address cessation counseling needs for traditional and electronic cigarette use. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2018; 10:955-963. [PMID: 30236434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study assessed pharmacy students' self-rated ability to provide cessation counseling for e-cigarette use and traditional cigarette smoking. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING A cross-sectional study was conducted in spring 2014 at The University of Texas at Austin. Participants included first through fourth year (P1-P4) doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students. Perceived confidence and knowledge to counsel on cigarette smoking cessation and e-cigarette cessation were self-rated and based on the Ask-Advise-Assess-Assist-and Arrange (5 A's) follow-up model as well as general counseling skills for recreational nicotine product use cessation. Comparisons were made between students' confidence to counsel patients on traditional cigarette smoking cessation and e-cigarette cessation and by class level. FINDINGS Compared to cigarette smoking cessation counseling, students were less confident in their ability to counsel on e-cigarette cessation using the 5 A's model and general counseling skills. Students perceived themselves to be less knowledgeable about the harmful effects of e-cigarettes, pharmacists' role in counseling on e-cigarette cessation, and how patients can benefit from e-cigarette cessation counseling. A higher proportion of students reported having no training on e-cigarette cessation compared to cigarette smoking cessation (59% vs 9%). SUMMARY Targeted training on how to counsel patients on e-cigarette cessation should be included in pharmacy curricula. Such training is expected to increase the confidence of pharmacists-in-training to address the needs of patients who use e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina O Nduaguba
- Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue STOP A1930, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Kentya H Ford
- Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue STOP A1930, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Benita A Bamgbade
- Department of Pharmacy and Health Systems, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Ogechi Ubanyionwu
- John Peter Smith (JPS) Hospital, 1500 S Main Street, Fort Worth, TX 76104, United States
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16
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Langley TE. New Lessons for Addressing Article 12. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:529-530. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa E Langley
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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17
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Myers Virtue S, Rotz ME, Boyd M, Lykon JL, Waldron EM, Theodorou J. Impact of a novel interprofessional dental and pharmacy student tobacco cessation education programme on dental patient outcomes. J Interprof Care 2017; 32:52-62. [DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2017.1378171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Myers Virtue
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health Sciences, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Christiana Care Health System, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Melissa E Rotz
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jillian L Lykon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Waldron
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health Sciences, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Theodorou
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Strand MA, Davidson KM, Schulze N. Linking pharmacists to the delivery of public health services. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2017; 57:742-746. [PMID: 28951135 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe components fundamental to the process of linking pharmacy to the delivery of public health services in a sustainable way. SUMMARY Pharmacists deliver public health services with varying frequency. A literature review was conducted to create a set of fundamental links necessary for pharmacists to deliver public health services in a sustainable way. The service needed to be in alignment with public health priorities, be incorporated in the pharmacy curriculum, have postgraduate training opportunities, have a policy or legal platform supporting the service, and have a business model for financial sustainability. Immunization delivery was identified as an exemplary public health service delivered by pharmacists. Additional services evaluated were tobacco cessation counseling, transitions of care, hypertension screening, and substance abuse counseling. CONCLUSION Pharmacists are well positioned to provide public health services. Although pharmacists can offer these services, their delivery is variable because of unclearly defined links in the process necessary for their implementation. This article identifies actionable steps to establish sustainable methods for community pharmacists to deliver public health services.
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El-Awaisi A, Awaisu A, El Hajj MS, Alemrayat B, Al-Jayyousi G, Wong N, Verjee MA. Delivering Tobacco Cessation Content in the Middle East Through Interprofessional Learning. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2017; 81:91. [PMID: 28720919 PMCID: PMC5508090 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe81591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To explore the attitudes of pharmacy, pharmacy technician, medical, and public health students before and after an IPE activity that focused on smoking cessation in the Middle East. Methods. A pre-post intervention research design using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) was used for this study. The tool contained 20 items, categorized under the following subscales: teamwork and collaboration, professional identity, and patient-centeredness. Results. A total of 47 out of 50 students from four different health disciplines in Qatar (medicine, pharmacy, pharmacy technician, and public health) who participated in the activity completed a pre- and post-intervention pre-validated questionnaire (94% response rate). Total attitude scores were calculated for all the 20 items along with attitudinal scores of the three domains. Most of the students reported having a positive attitude toward IPE; the number of students having a positive attitude toward IPE increased after the IPE session. The overall median (IQR) score increased from 82 (16) before the session to 84 (15) after the session. Students from different disciplines did not vary in their attitude scores. Conclusion. Health care professional students in Qatar perceived IPE positively, believing that it enhanced their communication skills, collaboration and appreciation of professional roles. This study has implication on developing effective methods to implement IPE in various health professional education curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Ghadir Al-Jayyousi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Norman Wong
- School of Health Sciences, College of North Atlantic, Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Hudmon KS, Elkhadragy N, Kusynová Z, Besançon L, Brock TP, Corelli RL. Global sale of tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems in community pharmacies. Tob Control 2017; 26:e127-e129. [PMID: 29233920 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion of countries/territories that allow sales of tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in community pharmacies. METHODS International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) member organisations were contacted by email and asked to respond to a two-item survey assessing whether their country/territory allowed sales of (a) tobacco products and (b) ENDS in community pharmacies. RESULTS Of 95 countries/territories contacted, responses were received from 60 (63.2%). Seven countries (11.7%) reported that tobacco products were sold in community pharmacies, and 11 countries (18.3%) reported that ENDS were sold in community pharmacies. CONCLUSIONS Among the FIP member organisations, there are few countries that allow the sale of tobacco products and ENDS in community pharmacies, with ENDS being more likely than tobacco products to be sold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nervana Elkhadragy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Zuzana Kusynová
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Besançon
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Penick Brock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, USA
| | - Robin L Corelli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, USA
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21
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El Hajj MS, Awaisu A, Saleh RA, Al Hamad NM, Kheir N, Zeenny RM, Fathelrahman AI. Tobacco-Related Education in Schools of Pharmacy in the Middle East: A Multinational Cross-Sectional Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 20:561-567. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Nadir Kheir
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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22
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Nduaguba SO, Ford KH, Bamgbade B, Iwuorie O. Comparison of pharmacy students' knowledge and self-efficacy to provide cessation counseling for hookah and cigarette use. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2017; 9:37-42. [PMID: 29180151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess pharmacy students' self-efficacy to provide cessation counseling for commercial cigarette and hookah tobacco use. METHODS A cross-sectional study including PharmD students at a College of Pharmacy was conducted in Spring 2014. Confidence in counseling and perception of knowledge were self-rated and based on the Ask-Advise-Assess-Assist-Arrange follow-up (5A's) model and general tobacco cessation counseling skills. Comparisons were made between cigarettes and hookahs and by program level using t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, analyses of variance, and Tukey-Kramer tests. RESULTS Overall, 82% and 16% of the students, respectively, reported receiving training on cigarette smoking and hookah tobacco use cessation. Students were moderately confident in their ability to counsel. Compared to hookah tobacco use cessation counseling, students were more confident in their general counseling skills and ability to counsel on cigarette smoking cessation using the 5A's (p < 0.001 in each case). Students perceived themselves to be more knowledgeable about cigarette smoking cessation than about hookah tobacco use cessation. Almost half of the students (42.0%) thought hookah tobacco was less harmful than traditional cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacy students need further training to address hookah and other alternative tobacco products to support patients' cessation needs, decrease risks for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, and increase medication effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina O Nduaguba
- Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Kentya H Ford
- Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
| | - Benita Bamgbade
- Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Ogechi Iwuorie
- Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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23
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Jin Y, Lu B, Berman M, Klein EG, Foraker RE, Ferketich AK. The impact of tobacco-free pharmacy policies on smoking prevalence. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2016; 56:627-632. [PMID: 27667500 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES California and Massachusetts are the only 2 states in the United States with municipalities that have local laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco products by pharmacies. The impacts of the tobacco-free pharmacy laws remain understudied. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the association between tobacco-free pharmacy laws and smoking prevalence among adults over time in California and Massachusetts. DESIGN This study used a series of cross-sectional surveys. The data source for this study was the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey for each year from 2005 to 2013. SETTING The longitudinal changes in smoking prevalence at the city or county level were estimated and comparisons were made between cities or counties with tobacco-free pharmacy laws and those without the laws. PARTICIPANTS The participants used to estimate smoking prevalence were representative of adults within California and Massachusetts. INTERVENTION The implementation of tobacco-free pharmacy laws was considered to be the intervention in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures were smoking prevalence among adults. Mixed-effects negative binomial models were performed primarily to examine longitudinal changes in outcome measures. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking decreased in both states over time. In Massachusetts, there was a statistically significant decrease in smoking prevalence among cities with tobacco-free pharmacy laws compared with those without such laws. Despite the presence of an 8.6% decrease in prevalence after the implementation of tobacco-free pharmacy laws, this reduction was not statistically significant after controlling for the negative trend in smoking rates overall and other factors. CONCLUSION This study evaluated tobacco-free pharmacy laws with regard to the real-world impacts. Our findings highlight the need for future research on the effects of tobacco-free pharmacy laws with a prolonged time span and a comprehensive understanding of the law's implementation and enforcement.
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Vaidya V, Gangal NS, Shah S, Gangan N, Bechtol R. Trends in Smoking Status and Utilization of Smoking Cessation Agents Among Females with Cardiovascular Diseases. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2016; 25:270-5. [PMID: 26862887 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, cigarette smoking accounts for almost 20% of all deaths attributed to heart disease. More women than men die each year of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Women who smoke have shown to be at a higher risk of cardiac deaths. The current study aims to determine the trend in smoking prevalence among women with CVD and their utilization of smoking cessation agents from 2004 to 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective exploratory study using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2004 to 2011. All female respondents with any one cardiovascular condition were identified. Descriptive statistics were carried out to obtain the number of female patients with CVD, their smoking status, and their use of smoking cessation agents. Furthermore, disparities in smoking status and smoking cessation agent utilization with respect to race and ethnicity were studied. RESULTS Among total CVD patients, 53% were females, which corresponded to 25.3 million females in the United States. Around 12.3% among them were current smokers. Only 6.9% among these females used smoking cessation agents. Smoking trends in females were inconsistent throughout the 8 years. Overall, the trend showed a decrease in the percentage of female smokers, while use of smoking cessation agents remained low from 2004 to 2011. Whites and non-Hispanics had more current smokers and women using smoking cessation agents. CONCLUSION The eight-year trend shows that the use of smoking cessation agents among females is very low, particularly among non-whites and Hispanics. This is of great concern and future efforts could focus on increasing the utilization of smoking cessation agents and collectively decreasing the risk of smoking in CVD by healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vaidya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013
| | - Neha S Gangal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013
| | - Surbhi Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013
| | - Nilesh Gangan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013
| | - Robert Bechtol
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,Poster presentation at ISPOR 18th Annual International Meeting held at New Orleans, Louisiana from May 18 to 22, 2013
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25
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Rider K, Kaya H, Jha V, Hudmon KS. Attitudes of experiential education directors regarding tobacco sales in pharmacies in the USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2015; 24:134-8. [PMID: 26450649 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accreditation guidelines in the USA suggest that experiential sites for pharmacy students should demonstrate 'a strong commitment to health promotion and illness prevention'; however, most community pharmacies sell tobacco products. This study aimed to determine the proportion of students rotating through advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) sites where tobacco is sold and experiential education directors' perception regarding the sales of tobacco in APPE sites. METHODS A brief survey was distributed by mail to experiential education directors at US pharmacy schools. The survey characterized the proportion of students who rotate at practice sites where tobacco is sold, directors' perceptions of tobacco sales in experiential sites, and the number of hours of tobacco education in their pharmacy curricula. KEY FINDINGS Directors (n = 81; 63%) estimated that 69% of students rotate through sites where tobacco is sold. If given the opportunity to choose between two potential sites, where one sells tobacco and the other does not, 40% of directors would be unlikely to choose a site that sold tobacco. CONCLUSIONS With respect to tobacco sales, pharmacy schools are largely noncompliant with guidelines and resolutions of professional organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rider
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, George Washington University MFA, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hatice Kaya
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, George Washington University MFA, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vinayak Jha
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, George Washington University MFA, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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26
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Barnoya J, Jin L, Hudmon KS, Schootman M. Nicotine replacement therapy, tobacco products, and electronic cigarettes in pharmacies in St. Louis, Missouri. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2015; 55:405-12. [DOI: 10.1331/japha.2015.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a pathway forward for practicing pharmacists in supporting public health initiatives by applying the five core competencies of public health. SUMMARY The pharmacist is well positioned to improve population health. Until now, increased impact of pharmacists has been based on the expansion of patient services rather than guided by a population approach to health. To increase their effectiveness and breadth of impact, pharmacists would benefit from applying the five core competencies of public health (social and behavioral science, health policy and administration, epidemiology, biostatistics, and environmental health sciences) to the practice of pharmacy. This article aims to explain how each of the core competencies applies to pharmacy practice and how pharmacists might apply public health skills in a more specific manner. CONCLUSION With increased clarity of the role of public health, and mastery of the five core competencies of public health, pharmacists can make unique and valuable contributions to the health of the public.
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Schultz ASH, Dunford D, Atout R, Grymonpre R. Situating tobacco dependency education in health professional prelicensure curricula: An interprofessional learning opportunity. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY THERAPY : CJRT = REVUE CANADIENNE DE LA THERAPIE RESPIRATOIRE : RCTR 2015; 51:86-8. [PMID: 26566378 PMCID: PMC4631134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette SH Schultz
- College of Nursing; Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Drena Dunford
- College of Pharmacy; Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Reem Atout
- College of Dentistry, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Ruby Grymonpre
- College of Nursing; Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Hudmon KS, Mark M, Livin AL, Corelli RL, Schroeder SA. Tobacco education in U.S. respiratory care programs. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16:1394-8. [PMID: 25031314 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to tobacco smoke impacts the onset or exacerbation of most respiratory disorders, and respiratory therapists are well positioned to identify tobacco use and provide cessation assistance. The purpose of this study was to characterize the level of tobacco cessation education provided to students in U.S. respiratory care training programs. METHODS A national survey of 387 respiratory care programs assessed the extent to which tobacco is addressed in required coursework, methods of instruction, perceived importance, and adequacy of current levels of tobacco education in curricula and perceived barriers to enhancing the tobacco-related education. RESULTS A total of 244 surveys (63.0% response) revealed a median of 165 min (IQR, 88-283) of tobacco education throughout the degree program. Pathophysiology of tobacco-related disease (median, 45 min) is the most extensively covered content area followed by aids for cessation (median, 20 min), assisting patients with quitting (median, 15 min), and nicotine pharmacology and principles of addiction (median, 15 min). More than 40% of respondents believed that latter 3 content areas are inadequately covered in the curriculum. Key barriers to enhancing tobacco training are lack of available curriculum time, lack of faculty expertise, and lack of access to comprehensive evidence-based resources. Nearly three-fourths of the respondents expressed interest in participating in a nationwide effort to enhance tobacco cessation training. CONCLUSIONS Similar to other disciplines, enhanced tobacco cessation education is needed in respiratory care programs to equip graduates with the knowledge and the skills necessary to treat tobacco use and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, IN; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA;
| | | | - Adam L Livin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Robin L Corelli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven A Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
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Corelli RL, Chai T, Karic A, Fairman M, Baez K, Hudmon KS. Tobacco and alcohol sales in community pharmacies: policy statements from U.S. professional pharmacy associations. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2014; 54:285-8. [PMID: 24770374 PMCID: PMC8838874 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2014.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the extent to which state and national professional pharmacy associations have implemented formal policies addressing the sale of tobacco and alcohol products in community pharmacies. METHODS To determine existence of tobacco and alcohol policies, national professional pharmacy associations (n = 10) and state-level pharmacy associations (n = 86) affiliated with the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) and/or the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) were contacted via telephone and/or e-mail, and a search of the association websites was conducted. RESULTS Of 95 responding associations (99%), 14% have a formal policy opposing the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies and 5% have a formal policy opposing the sale of alcohol in pharmacies. Of the associations representing major tobacco-producing states, 40% have a formal policy against tobacco sales in pharmacies, significantly more than the 8% of non-tobacco state associations with such policies. CONCLUSION Among national professional pharmacy associations, only APhA and ASHP have formal policy statements opposing the sale of both tobacco and alcohol in pharmacies. Most state-level professional pharmacy associations affiliated with these two national organizations have no formal policy statement or position.
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Saba M, Diep J, Saini B, Dhippayom T. Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in community pharmacy. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:240-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Saba
- Faculty of Pharmacy; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - J. Diep
- Faculty of Pharmacy; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - B. Saini
- Faculty of Pharmacy; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - T. Dhippayom
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
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Hudmon KS, Hoch MA, Vitale FM, Wahl KR, Corelli RL, de Moor C. Tobacco cessation education for pharmacists: Face-to-face presentations versus live webinars. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2014; 54:42-4. [PMID: 24407740 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2014.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the perceived effectiveness of tobacco cessation continuing education for pharmacists in face-to-face presentation versus live webinar modalities. METHODS A continuing pharmacy education (CPE) activity, Do Ask, Do Tell: A Practical Approach to Smoking Cessation, was offered in face-to-face and live webinar modalities. Following the activity, participants completed a brief questionnaire that assessed the anticipated impact of the activity on their smoking cessation counseling practices. RESULTS Of the 1,088 CPE participants, 819 (75%) attended a face-to-face presentation and 269 (25%) participated in a live webinar. Posttraining self-rated ability to address tobacco use was similar between groups ( P = 0.38), and both the face-to-face and live webinar groups reported a significant difference between pre- and posttraining abilities ( P < 0.05 for both groups). Attendees of the face-to-face presentation reported higher likelihoods of providing each of the individual tasks required to provide an effective, brief tobacco cessation intervention ( P < 0.05 for each task). CONCLUSION These data suggest that more value exists in face-to-face education than live webinars when personal and interactive skills are the focus of the activity.
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Wahl KR, Woolf BL, Hoch MA, Zillich AJ, Hudmon KS. Promoting Pharmacy-Based Referrals to the Tobacco Quitline. J Pharm Pract 2013; 28:162-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190013515711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To conduct a pilot study of a student-delivered academic detailing initiative to promote brief, pharmacy-based tobacco cessation interventions, and referrals to the tobacco quitline. Methods: Pharmacy students (n = 11) received training and delivered academic detailing sessions for promoting brief tobacco cessation interventions at community pharmacies (n = 37). Six months after the session, a survey was faxed to each pharmacy to assess (1) the quality and acceptance of the academic detailing session and the materials provided during the session and (2) tobacco cessation counseling perceptions and practices. Results: Pharmacists from 30 (81%) sites responded to the survey; of these, 37% reported that they increased the number of patients asked about smoking since the academic detailing session, 70% reported an increase in the number of participants advised to quit smoking, 57% reported an increase in the number of patients counseled, and 50% reported routinely providing referrals to the tobacco quitline. Conclusion: pharmacy students are capable of providing academic detailing for brief tobacco cessation interventions in community pharmacies. Results of this pilot study suggest a positive impact of this service on pharmacists’ counseling behavior for tobacco cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R. Wahl
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brittany L. Woolf
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew A. Hoch
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alan J. Zillich
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Health Services Research & Development, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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