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Obeidat MD, Alkhateeb MEM, Jawasreh KI, Riley DG, Al Sukhni IA. Herbal extract dietary supplementation effect on growth performance and meat quality in broiler raised under two stocking densities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18633. [PMID: 39128913 PMCID: PMC11317506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of birds or their total live weight in relation to a given area is known as stocking density; higher stocking densities will cause more stress to the birds, which may have an impact on their physiological state, productivity, carcass quality, growth performance, immunity, metabolism, and meat quality. The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of 2 different stocking densities on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum, and expression of Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), muscle regulatory genes expression and serum biochemical indicators of broilers supplemented with essential oils (EO). In total, 784-day-old chicks of Ross 308 were randomly assigned into 4 different groups with 7 replicates for each: Normal feed (no essential oils [EO] added) and normal stocking as 9 bird/m2, (NSD). Normal feed (no essential oils [EO] added) and high stocking as 14 bird/m2, (HSD). Feed with essential oils (Digestarom DC® 150 g/Ton of feed) and normal stocking as 9 birds/m2, (NSD + EO). Feed with essential oils (Digestarom DC® 150 g/Ton of feed) and high stocking as 14 birds/m2, (HSD + EO) for 35 days. Bodyweight was recorded at the beginning of the trial and then at the end of each week, feed intake was recorded at the end of each week as well. A total of 28 birds (7 birds per treatment) birds were slaughtered at 35 days of age to evaluate each parameter. The HSD group had the lowest (P < 0.05) feed intake. The NSD groups showed the highest (P < 0.05) body weight gain compared to HSD groups. The HSD + EO had lower adjusted FCR (P < 0.05) compared to HSD. The legs % was the highest (P < 0.05) for NSD group, while HSD + EO had the highest (P < 0.05) Fat Pad percentage. Moreover, HSD had the highest CL%, and the lowest WHC and Warner-Bratzler shear force. For biochemical indicators, (IGF-1) was the lowest (P < 0.05) HSD group. Also, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) were higher (P < 0.05) in the EO supplemented groups. Regarding gene expression, the results showed that Myogenin (MyoG) and IGF-1 were lower in HSD while MSTN was higher in the same group, (P < 0.05). In brief, essential oil supplement has improved the performance of broilers under high stocking density situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad D Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Muhy Eddin M Alkhateeb
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Khaleel I Jawasreh
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | | | - Ibrahim A Al Sukhni
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Wang J, Deng L, Chen M, Che Y, Li L, Zhu L, Chen G, Feng T. Phytogenic feed additives as natural antibiotic alternatives in animal health and production: A review of the literature of the last decade. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:244-264. [PMID: 38800730 PMCID: PMC11127233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics. In recent decades, plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance development. This review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions, potential modes of action, influencing factors, and potential negative effects. Further, we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable, safe, and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alternatives for use in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lufang Deng
- Feed Branch of Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101105, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuyan Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Longlong Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Ma W, Lu Y, Wang C. Production performance, egg quality, and uterine gene expression for layers as affected by N-Carbamylglutamate supplementation. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1110801. [PMID: 36876008 PMCID: PMC9982039 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Supplementation of exogenous additives is a strategy to improve laying performance of layers by regulating uterine function. N-Carbamylglutamate (NCG) as an activator for endogenous arginine synthesis has the potential to regulate the laying performance of layers, but its effects have not been fully understood. Methods This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of NCG on production performance, egg quality, and uterine gene expression in layers. A total of 360 45-week-old layers with a genetic line of Jinghong No. 1 were used in this study. The experimental period was 14 weeks. All birds were divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments were based on a basal diet and supplemented with 0, 0.08, 0.12, or 0.16% NCG to form C, N1, N2, and N3 groups. Results and discussion We found that layers in group N1 had higher egg production rate than those in group C. Egg weight was significantly reduced, while eggshell thickness was significantly improved, by treatment. However, the albumen height and Haugh unit were the lowest in group N3. Based on the above results, groups C and N1 were selected for further transcriptomics analysis of uterine tissue by RNA-seq. More than 7.4 Gb clean reads and 19,882 tentative genes were obtained using the Gallus gallus genome as a reference. Transcriptomics analysis in uterus tissue revealed that 95 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and 127 DEGs were downregulated. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs in uterine tissue were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism, etc. Vitamin A metabolism-related gene, RBP1, nutrient transport-related gene, ALB, protein synthesis-related gene, METTL21C, and calcium transport-related gene, RYR2, CACNB2, RAMP3, and STAC, were significantly regulated by 0.08% NCG supplementation. Therefore, we concluded that NCG supplementation at a dose of 0.08% improved production performance and egg quality of layers by regulating uterus function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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Xin Q, Uyanga VA, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Li H, Zhou Y, Lin H. Insulin-like growth factor-1 is involved in the deteriorated performance of aged laying hens. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac286. [PMID: 36049215 PMCID: PMC9667965 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism behind the deteriorated laying performance of aged laying hens remains unclear. In the present study, the laying performance and gene expression along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis were determined. A total of 300 healthy 90-wk-old ISA hens with similar body weights were classified into three groups according to their laying rate between 90 and 94 wk of age. The experimental groups were the low laying rate (<60%, LLR), high laying rate (>85%, HLR), and intermediate laying rate (60% < laying rate < 85%, MLR) hens. At the end of 94 wk of age, eight hens were randomly selected from each group for tissue collection. The gene expression of hormones and their receptors were determined in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and follicles. The results showed that the serum 17-β-estradiol had no significant difference among the three groups. However, the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in LLR hens was significantly decreased in the serum, small white follicles (SWF), and dominant follicles (DF, P < 0.05). Within the hypothalamus and small yellow follicles (SYF), the mRNA expression level of estrogen receptor was higher in the MLR group (P < 0.05). Compared with HLR hens, the steroid hormone-synthesis key gene, CYP19A1 was significantly decreased in the SWF of MLR-hens and DF of MLR- and LLR-hens (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of IGF1 receptor was higher in the hypothalamus, pituitary, SWF, large white follicles (LWF), SYF, and DF of LLR hens, compared to the HLR hens (P < 0.05). These results suggest that decreased IGF1 in serum and follicles was associated with the decreased egg production of aged laying hens. The present study provides novel insights into the endocrine changes in aged hens having different egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
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Dang DX, Cho S, Kim IH. Silybum marianum seed extract supplementation
positively affects the body weight of weaned piglets by improving voluntary feed
intake. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:696-706. [PMID: 35969696 PMCID: PMC9353349 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of
Silybum marianum seed (SMS) extract on the growth
performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, and hematology
parameters in weaned piglets. A total of 120, 21-day-old weaned piglets
([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were randomly assigned to 3
groups based on the average initial body weight (6.46 ± 0.45 kg). There
were 8 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs (mixed sex) per pen. The
experimental period was 42 days. Dietary groups included a basal diet, and a
basal diet supplemented with 0.05% or 0.10% SMS extract. Feeding weaned piglets
with SMS extract containing diet significantly increased average daily gain and
average daily feed intake. Additionally, the supplementation of SMS extract had
no significant effects on nutrient digestibility, serum hematology, and fecal
noxious gas emission parameters. We considered that the supplementation of SMS
extract had positive effects on the voluntary feed intake in weaned piglets,
thus improving growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resource &
Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner
Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner
Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource &
Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Corresponding author: In Ho Kim,
Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan
31116, Korea. Tel: +82-41-550-3652, E-mail:
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