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Shi Y, Hao R, Ji H, Gao L, Yang J. Dietary zinc supplements: beneficial health effects and application in food, medicine and animals. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5660-5674. [PMID: 38415843 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Zinc, a crucial trace element is vital for the growth and development of humans. It is frequently described as 'the flower of life' and 'the source of intelligence'. Zinc supplements play a pivotal role in addressing zinc deficiency by serving as a vital source of this essential micronutrients, effectively replenishing depleted zinc levels in the body. In this paper, we first described the biological behavior of zinc in the human body and briefly described the physiological phenomena associated with zinc levels. The benefits and drawbacks of various zinc supplement forms are then discussed, with emphasis on the most recent zinc supplement formulations. Finally, the application of zinc supplements in food, medicine, and animal husbandry is further summarized. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixia Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junyan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Huang F, Wang Q, Wang Z, Lv L, Feng J. Effects of Organic Zinc on the Growth Performance of Weanling Pigs: A Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04070-2. [PMID: 38253801 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Supplementation of feed with organic zinc (Zn) has long been discussed as an alternative to inorganic Zn in pigs, but its effects on growth performance are mixed. This meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of organic Zn on the growth performance of weanling pigs, on the basis of average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to gain ratio (F/G). We screened the PubMed and Web of Science databases (published before December 31, 2022; limited to English) systematically and contrasted organic Zn supplementation with inorganic Zn supplementation. There were 680 retrievals of studies, of which 16 (1389 pigs, 37 records) were eligible to analyze. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. The subgroup analysis was classified as organic Zn source (Zn-amino acid (Zn-AA), Zn-glycine (Zn-Gly), Zn-methionine (Zn-Met), Zn-Lysine (Zn-Lys), proteinate complex Zn (Zn-Pro), chitosan-Zn (Zn-CS) or Zn-lactate (Zn-Lac)) and Zn additive dose (low, medium, or high, i.e., lower than, equal to or higher than the requirement of NRC). Organic Zn addition in the weaning phase increased the ADG (P < 0.001) and the ADFI (P = 0.023) and decreased the F/G (P < 0.001). Specifically, for the organic sources, only Zn-CS supplementation presented significant effects on the ADG (P < 0.001), ADFI (P = 0.011), and F/G (P < 0.001). Moreover, medium-dose organic Zn supplementation had positive effects on ADG (P = 0.012), ADFI (P = 0.018), and F/G (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that organic Zn added to diets greatly improves the growth performance of weanling pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhonghang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liangkang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Biswas S, Dang DX, Kim IH. Comparison of the effects of zinc oxide and zinc aspartic acid chelate on the performance of weaning pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:125-134. [PMID: 38618040 PMCID: PMC11007467 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In this research, the growth efficiency, nutritional utilization, fecal microbial levels, and fecal score of weaned pigs were evaluated using therapeutic zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-Asp). In a 42-day feeding trial, 60 weaned pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were arbitrarily allotted (age: 21 days; 7.01 ± 0.65 kg preliminary body weight) to 3 different treatment groups with 5 repetitions (2 male and 2 female piglets) in each pen. The trial had 2 different phases, including 1-21 days as phase 1, and 22-42 days as phase 2. The nutritional treatments were: basal diet as control (CON), basal diet incorporated with 3,000 ppm ZnO as TRT1, and basal diet incorporated with 750 ppm Zn-Asp as TRT2. In comparison to the CON group, the pigs in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups had greater (p < 0.05) body weight on day 42; an average daily gain, and an average daily feed intake on days 22-42. Furthermore, during days 1-42, the average daily gain in the treatment groups trended higher (p < 0.05) than in the CON group. Additionally, the fecal score decreased (p < 0.05) at week 6, the lactic acid bacteria count tended to increase (p < 0.05), and coliform bacteria presented a trend in reduction (p < 0.05) in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups compared to the CON group. However, there was no difference in nutrient utilization (p > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. Briefly, the therapeutic ZnO and Zn-Asp nutritional approaches could decrease fecal score and coliform bacteria, increase lactic acid bacteria, and improve growth efficiency; moreover, Zn-Asp (750 ppm) can perform a comparable role to therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm). So we can use Zn-Asp (750 ppm) instead of therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm) for the better performance of weaning pigs and the reduction of environmental pollution, as therapeutic ZnO is responsible for environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Biswas
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Pardo Z, Mateos I, Saro C, Campos R, Argüello H, Lachica M, Ranilla MJ, Fernández-Fígares I. The Effect of Supplementation with Betaine and Zinc on In Vitro Large Intestinal Fermentation in Iberian Pigs under Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061102. [PMID: 36978642 PMCID: PMC10044697 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of betaine and zinc on the in vitro fermentation of pigs under heat stress (HS). Twenty-four Iberian pigs (43.4 ± 1.2 kg) under HS (30 °C) were assigned to treatments for 4 weeks: control (unsupplemented), betaine (5 g/kg), and zinc (0.120 g/kg) supplemented diet. Rectal content was used as the inoculum in 24-hincubations with pure substrates (starch, pectin, inulin, cellulose). Total gas, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and methane production and ammonia concentration were measured. The abundance of total bacteria and several bacterial groups was assessed. Betaine increased the acetate production with pectin and inulin, butyrate production with starch and inulin, and ammonia concentration, and decreased propionate production with pectin and inulin. The abundance of Bifidobacterium and two groups of Clostridium decreased with betaine supplementation. Zinc decreased the production of SCFA and gas with starch and inulin, associated with diminished bacterial activity. Propionate production decreased with starch, pectin, and inulin while butyrate production increased with inulin, and isoacid production increased with cellulose and inulin in pigs supplemented with zinc. The ammonia concentration increased for all substrates. The Clostridium cluster XIV abundance decreased in pigs fed zinc supplemented diets. The results reported were dependent on the substrate fermented, but the augmented butyrate production with both betaine and zinc could be of benefit for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Pardo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Iván Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - Cristina Saro
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - Rómulo Campos
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 32 # 12-00, Palmira 76531, Colombia
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Manuel Lachica
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Ranilla
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Fígares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: or
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Li C, Zhao P, Shao Q, Chen W, Huang S, Wang X, Zhang C, He L. Effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:136-146. [PMID: 35247286 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. A total of 240 (10.33 ± 0.62 kg body weight) 35-day-old (Duroc × Landrace × White) weaned piglets were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with six replicate pens per treatment and 10 piglets per pen (five males and five females). The dietary treatments continued for 21 days and comprised a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg GCP. The results showed that the inclusion of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg GCP increased the average daily gain and decreased the feed conversion rate compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The piglets treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg GCP had a lower diarrhoeal incidence than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with 1000 mg/kg GCP increased the counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, red blood cells, and platelets, and elevated alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, glucose, triglyceride, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and total antioxidant capacity levels (p < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content compare with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, relative to the control group, piglets fed 500 and 1000 mg/kg GCP had significantly lower expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in spleen (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that dietary supplementation with GCP can improve growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. Our study suggests that adding 1000 mg/kg GCP to the diet had the most beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Pengli Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lei He
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Nielsen TS, Engelsmann MN, Hansen SV, Maribo H. Bioavailability of Different Zinc Sources in Pigs 0-3 Weeks Post-Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2921. [PMID: 36359046 PMCID: PMC9655132 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of dietary zinc (Zn) in pigs may differ according to the Zn source and is affected by other components in the diet. The aim was to determine the biomarkers of Zn bioavailability (apparent total tract digestibility of Zn and serum Zn status) following six different sources of added Zn and their effect on the performance and faecal consistency score in piglets 0-3 weeks after weaning on day 28. The sources of Zn were Zn oxide (ZnO), Zn sulfate (ZnSO4), porous ZnO, Zn-glycinate, amino acid-bound Zn and hydroxy covalent-bound Zn added at 100 mg/kg (ZnO and ZnSO4 also added at 1000 mg/kg), in a total of eight treatments (n = 12/treatment). Pigs were individually housed, and titanium dioxide was included as an indigestible marker in the feed. The digestibility of Zn on day 14 post-weaning was negative for all six Zn sources at 100 mg Zn/kg, indicating insufficient Zn supply. The digestibility of Zn differed according to the Zn source, but the digestibility of Zn from ZnO and ZnSO4 did not differ between processed inorganic or chelated organic sources of Zn. However, the differences in Zn digestibility between Zn sources were not reflected as differences in the serum Zn status, feed intake, gain or probability of diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina S. Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Maiken N. Engelsmann
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Sally V. Hansen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Hanne Maribo
- SEGES Innovation P/S, DK-1609 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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Danesh Mesgaran M, Kargar H, Janssen R, Danesh Mesgaran S, Ghesmati A, Vatankhah A. Rumen-protected zinc–methionine dietary inclusion alters dairy cow performances, and oxidative and inflammatory status under long-term environmental heat stress. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:935939. [PMID: 36172606 PMCID: PMC9510689 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.935939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows are susceptible to heat stress due to the levels of milk production and feed intake. Dietary supplemental amino acids, particularly rate-limiting amino acids, for example, methionine (Met), may alleviate the potential negative consequences. Zinc (Zn) is beneficial to the immune system and mammary gland development during heat stress. We investigated the impact of a source of a rumen-protected Zn-Met complex (Loprotin, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) in high-producing Holstein cows during a long-term environmental heat stress period. A total of 62 multiparous lactating Holstein cows were allocated in a completely randomized design to two dietary treatments, namely, basal diet without (control) and basal diet with the supplemental Zn-Met complex (RPZM) at 0.131% of diet DM. Cows in the RPZM group had higher energy-corrected milk (46.71 vs. 52.85 ± 1.72 kg/d for control and RPZM groups, respectively) as well as milk fat and protein concentration (27.28 vs. 32.80 ± 1.82 and 30.13 vs. 31.03 ± 0.25 g/kg for control and RPZM groups, respectively). The Zn-Met complex supplemented cows had lower haptoglobin and IL-1B concentration than the control (267 vs. 240 ± 10.53 mcg/mL and 76.8 vs. 60.0 ± 3.4 ng/L for control and RPZM groups, respectively). RPZM supplementation resulted in better oxidative status, indicated by higher total antioxidant status and lower malondialdehyde concentrations (0.62 vs. 0.68 ± 0.02 mmol/L and 2.01 vs. 1.76 ± 0.15 nmol/L for control and RPZM groups, respectively). Overall, the results from this study showed that RPZM dietary inclusion could maintain milk production and milk composition of animals during periods of heat stress. Enhanced performance of animals upon Zn-Met complex supplementation could be partly due to improved oxidative and immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran
| | - Hassan Kargar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Aghil Ghesmati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Exposure of growing Iberian pigs to heat stress and effects of dietary betaine and zinc on heat tolerance. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Huang C, Liao H, Liu X, Xiao M, Liao S, Gong S, Yang F, Shu X, Zhou X. Preparation and characterization of vanillin-chitosan Schiff base zinc complex for a novel Zn 2+ sustained released system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:611-618. [PMID: 34822818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel sustained released system (VCSB-Zn(II)) for zinc supplements was built by vanillin-chitosan Schiff base (VCSB) chelated with Zn2+ to improve the zinc trace element utilization ratio. Samples were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD, SEM, and TGA. The results showed that VCSB exhibited a more excellent chelation capacity of Zn2+ than chitosan. The chelation capacity of VCSB was about 1.7 times more than that of chitosan, corresponding to 50.96 mg/g and 29.91 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, VCSB-Zn(II) showed excellent sustained released performance at simulated gastric fluid because of the acid slow-dissolving ability. And the higher the CN content of VCSB, the higher the cumulative release rate (Ri) of Zn2+, the highest Ri reached 77.81%. The sustained released curves were described by the first-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, which described the Zn2+ sustained released performance caused by the dissolution of VCSB-Zn(II) and Fick diffusion. This Zn2+ sustained released system shows great potential in the application in the field of trace elements supplements for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- Network & Modern Education Technology Center, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Songyi Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fujie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xugang Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agrochemicals, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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Diao H, Yan J, Li S, Kuang S, Wei X, Zhou M, Zhang J, Huang C, He P, Tang W. Effects of Dietary Zinc Sources on Growth Performance and Gut Health of Weaned Piglets. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:771617. [PMID: 34858378 PMCID: PMC8631109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.771617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary zinc sources on the growth performance and gut health of weaned piglets. In total, 96 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) weaned piglets with an initial average body weight of 8.81±0.42kg were divided into four groups, with six replicates per treatment and four pigs per replicate. The dietary treatment groups were as follows: (1) control group, basal diet; (2) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) group, basal diet +100mg/kg ZnSO4; (3) glycine zinc (Gly-Zn) group, basal diet +100mg/kg Gly-Zn and (4) zinc lactate group, and basal diet +100mg/kg zinc lactate. The whole trial lasted for 28days. Decreased F/G was noted in the Gly-Zn and zinc lactate groups (p<0.05). The zinc lactate group had a lower diarrhea rate than the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the ZnSO4, Gly-Zn, and zinc lactate groups had significantly higher apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash, and zinc than the control group (p<0.05). The Gly-Zn and zinc lactate groups had higher jejunal villus height and a higher villus height:crypt depth ratio than the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the ZnSO4, Gly-Zn and zinc lactate groups had a significantly lower mRNA expression level of jejunal ZRT/IRT-like protein 4 (ZIP4) and higher mRNA expression level of jejunal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) than the control group (p<0.05). The mRNA expression level of jejunal zinc transporter 2 (ZNT2) was higher and that of jejunal Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) was lower in the Gly-Zn and zinc lactate groups than in the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the zinc lactate group had a higher count of Lactobacillus spp. in the cecal digesta and higher mRNA expression levels of jejunal occludin and mucin 2 (MUC2) than the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 100mg/kg ZnSO4, Gly-Zn, or zinc lactate could improve the growth performance and gut barrier function of weaned piglets. Dietary supplementation with organic zinc, particularly zinc lactate, had the best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayou Yan
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Animtech Biology Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyao Kuang
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Wei
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengjia Zhou
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongbo Huang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng He
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
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Oh HJ, Kim MH, Lee JH, Kim YJ, An JW, Chang SY, Go YB, Song DC, Cho HA, Jo MS, Kim DY, Kim MJ, Cho SB, Kim HB, Cho JH. Effects of different inorganic:organic zinc ratios or combination of
low crude protein diet and feed additives in weaned piglet diets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 64:23-37. [PMID: 35174340 PMCID: PMC8819320 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-six weaned piglets with an initial body weight (BW) of 8.43 ± 0.40
kg (28 days of age, ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) were randomly
assigned to 6 treatments for a 2-week feeding trial to determine the effects of
different inorganic zinc (IZ), organic zinc (OZ) or combination of low crude
protein diet (LP) and Mixed feed additive (MFA) on diarrhea score, nutrient
digestibility, zinc utilization, blood profiles, organ weight, and fecal
microflora in weaned piglet diet. The pigs were individually placed in 45
× 55 × 45 cm stainless steel metabolism cages in an
environmentally controlled room (30 ± 1°C). The dietary treatments
included a negative control (NC), positive control (PC; zinc oxide, 1,000
mg/kg), T1 (IZ : OZ, 850 : 150), T2 (IZ : OZ 700 : 300), T3 (IZ : OZ, 500 :
500), and T4 (LP + MFA [0.1% Essential oils + 0.08% Protease + 0.02% Xylanase]).
The daily feed allowance was adjusted to 2.7 times the maintenance requirement
for digestible energy (2.7 × 110 kcal of DE/kg BW0.75). This
allowance was divided into two equal parts, and the piglets were fed at 08 : 30
and 17 : 30 each day. Water was provided ad libitum through a
drinking nipple. The diarrhea score was significantly increased
(p < 0.05) in NC treatment compared with other
treatments. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM),
nitrogen (N), and gross energy (GE) was significantly increased
(p < 0.05) in the T2 treatment compared with the PC
and NC treatments in week 1. In week 2, the ATTD of DM, N, and GE was
significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the NC treatment
compared with other treatments. The T3 treatment had significantly higher
(p < 0.05) ATTD and apparent ileal digestibility of
zinc than the PC and T1 treatments. The Escherichia coli count
in feces was significantly decreased in the T4 treatment compared with the NC
and T2 treatments. The Lactobacillus count in feces was
significantly increased in the T4 and T1 treatment compared with the T2 and T3
treatments. In conclusion, IZ : OZ 500 : 500 levels could improve nutrient
digestibility and zinc utilization in weaned piglets, Moreover, MFA in LP diets
could be used as a zinc alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jin Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Myung Hoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan
National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yong Ju Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jae Woo An
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Se Yeon Chang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Young Bin Go
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Song
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Cho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Min Seok Jo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division,
National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Wanjugun 55365, Korea
| | - Sung Bo Cho
- Traditional Mongolian Medicine Research
Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,
Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resource, and
Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Corresponding author: Hyeun Bum Kim, Department of
Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea. Tel:
+82-41-550-3652, E-mail:
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jin Ho Cho, Department of
Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea. Tel:
+82-43-261-2544, E-mail:
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12
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Ding H, Zhang Q, Xu H, Yu X, Chen L, Wang Z, Feng J. Selection of copper and zinc dosages in pig diets based on the mutual benefit of animal growth and environmental protection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112177. [PMID: 33839484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dietary copper and zinc additives facilitate the growth and development of animals, but heavy metal in feces threatens the ecological environment, and balance is the key to solving the problem. In this study, a trial of 2000 pigs (early nursery, 9-15 kg; late nursery, 15-25 kg; grower: 25-60 kg) was conducted to analyze the effects of different diets (gradient dosage of copper and zinc additives) on growth performance, antioxidant performance, immune function, and fecal heavy metal excretion of piglets and growing pigs. Although no significant differences were observed in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) between treatments during the entire nursery-grower period, the addition of appropriate high doses of copper and zinc to the diet had a beneficial effect on the antioxidant status and immune function of weaned piglets. Especially at early nursery, compared with the low-copper group (5 mg/kg Cu), the high-copper group (120 mg/kg Cu) could significantly increase the peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), cortisol in the serum. Moreover, the addition of zinc and copper in the diet not only increased the concentration of corresponding trace elements in the serum, but also affected the concentration of other trace elements in the serum. The reduction of copper and zinc content in the diet contributed to reducing the copper and zinc content in feces. In conclusion, we have formulated the mutual benefit dosages of copper and zinc (9-15 kg: 5 mg/kg Cu and 50 mg/kg Zn; 15-25 kg: 4 mg/kg Cu and 50 mg/kg Zn; 25-60 kg: 4 mg/kg Cu and 10 mg/kg Zn) for weaning piglets and growing pigs, which would help ensure the healthy growth of animals and reduce environmental heavy metal residues. CAPSULE: This study developed a mutually beneficial dose of copper and zinc in pig diets, which promotes animal growth and protects the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Ding
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huangen Xu
- Research Center of Zhejiang Kesheng Feed Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040978. [PMID: 33915721 PMCID: PMC8066201 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This work compiles the current state of knowledge regarding zinc requirements of healthy dogs and biomarkers of zinc status. To ensure an adequate zinc status, it is important to know the zinc content of foods and their bioavailability to assess the need and the ideal supplementation strategy regarding levels and sources of additives in complete dog foods. As zinc is required for enzymatic, structural, and regulatory functions in the animal body, its nutritional status has been associated with several pathologies that may be due to, or exacerbated by, a deficit of dietary zinc supply. Abstract Zinc is an essential trace element, required for enzymatic, structural, and regulatory functions. As body reserves are scarce, an adequate zinc status relies on proper dietary supply and efficient homeostasis. Several biomarkers have been proposed that enable the detection of poor zinc status, but more sensitive and specific ones are needed to detect marginal deficiencies. The zinc content of commercial dry dog foods has great variability, with a more frequent non-compliance with the maximum authorized limit than with the nutritional requirement. The bioavailability of dietary zinc also plays a crucial role in ensuring an adequate zinc status. Despite controversial results, organic zinc sources have been considered more bioavailable than inorganic sources, albeit the zinc source effect is more evident after a restriction period of dietary zinc. Many disorders have been associated with inadequate zinc status, not being clear whether the occurrence of the disease is the consequence or the cause. This review presents data on zinc requirements and biomarkers for zinc status, that can be applied for the development of supplementation strategies of zinc in complete pet foods. Moreover, it provides an understanding of the role zinc plays in the health of dogs, and how altered zinc status affects diseases in dogs.
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Wang J, Li C, Yin Y, Zhang S, Li X, Sun Q, Wan D. Effects of Zinc Oxide/Zeolite on Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microflora, and Diarrhea Rates in Weaned Piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1405-1413. [PMID: 32607765 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc oxide/zeolite on growth performance, serum biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and microflora of weaned piglets. Two hundred and fifty-six weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large) at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 8 replicates and 16 piglets in each pen. The diets of high dose of zinc oxide group (HD-ZnO) supplemented with 1500 mg/kg zinc as zinc oxide, but the diet of experimental group supplemented with 500 mg/kg zinc as zinc oxide that supported on zeolite (SR-ZnO). The experiment was conducted for 2 weeks after weanling. The results showed replacement of high-dosed zinc oxide by SR-ZnO had no significant effects on growth performance and intestinal morphology. However, the dietary supplementation of SR-ZnO reduced the diarrhea rate (P < 0.05), increased the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P < 0.01), and tended to reduce zinc release in stomach (P = 0.06) and increase serum total protein (TP) (P = 0.07). Although there were no significant effects in ileal microflora on α diversity, the abundance of Campylobacters was found significantly decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of Clostridium was increased (P < 0.05) after lower-dosed SR-ZnO replacement. It is revealed that replacement of HD-ZnO (1500 mg/kg) by SR-ZnO (500 mg/kg) in creep feed could improve the zinc bioavailability, regulate the intestinal flora, and alleviate the postweaning diarrhea in weaned piglets. Accordingly, the application of SR-ZnO would reduce the zinc in feed and therefore benefits for the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 6500323, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 6500323, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 6500323, China
| | - Qingping Sun
- Yangzhou Zhongwei Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 6500323, China.
- Yangzhou Zhongwei Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, 225000, China.
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15
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Towards Zero Zinc Oxide: Feeding Strategies to Manage Post-Weaning Diarrhea in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030642. [PMID: 33670980 PMCID: PMC7997240 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zinc oxide (ZnO) supplementation at pharmacological doses in post-weaning piglets is a consolidated practice that allows efficient control of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), a condition exacerbated by Escherichia coli F4 (K88) infections. Far from being completely elucidated, the multifactorial ZnO mechanism of action is in all likelihood exerted at the gastrointestinal level. However, increasing environmental concerns are arising from prolonged ZnO use. This article reviews the utilization of ZnO in piglets, the biological rationale behind its powerful activity, and the emerging threats that are leading towards a significant reduction in its use. Finally, a wide analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of innovative alternative strategies to manage PWD at the nutritional level is given. Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) at pharmacological doses is extensively employed in the pig industry as an effective tool to manage post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), a condition that causes huge economic losses because of its impact on the most pivotal phase of a piglet’s production cycle. In a multifactorial way, ZnO exerts a variety of positive effects along the entire gastrointestinal tract by targeting intestinal architecture, digestive secretions, antioxidant systems, and immune cells. ZnO also has a moderate antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli F4 (K88), the main causative agent of PWD. However, the environmental impact of ZnO and new emerging threats are posing serious questions to the sustainability of its extensive utilization. To work towards a future free from pharmacological ZnO, novel nutritional approaches are necessary, and many strategies have been investigated. This review article provides a comprehensive framework for ZnO utilization and its broad mode of action. Moreover, all the risks related to pharmacological ZnO levels are presented; we focus on European institutions’ decisions subsequently. The identification of a novel, complete solution against PWD should be accompanied by the adoption of holistic strategies, thereby combining good management practices to feeding approaches capable of mitigating Escherichia coli F4 (K88) infections and/or lowering ZnO utilization. Promising results can be obtained by adjusting diet composition or employing organic acids, natural identical compounds, polyphenol-rich extracts, prebiotics, and probiotics.
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Liu FF, Azad MAK, Li ZH, Li J, Mo KB, Ni HJ. Zinc Supplementation Forms Influenced Zinc Absorption and Accumulation in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010036. [PMID: 33375418 PMCID: PMC7824504 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at determining the effect of different zinc (Zn) supplementation forms on Zn accumulation, activities of Zn-containing enzymes, gene expression of metallothionein (MT), and Zn transporters in piglets. Eighteen piglets were randomly divided into three groups: (a) a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Zn from Zn methionine (Zn-Met) in the feed (Zn-Met group), (b) a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Zn from Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) in the feed (ZnSO4, feed group), and (c) a basal diet supplemented with the same dose of Zn as in ZnSO4,feed group but in water (ZnSO4, water group). The results showed that Zn-Met added in feed and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water significantly improved (p < 0.05) the Zn concentration in liver and jejunum and the apparent digestibility of Zn in comparison with the ZnSO4 added in feed. In addition, dietary Zn supplementation as Zn-Met significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the jejunum of piglets in comparison with the ZnSO4, feed group. Furthermore, the Zn-Met and ZnSO4, water groups showed an improved total superoxide dismutase activity (T-SOD) in the ileum as compared to the ZnSO4, feed group. Meanwhile, the qPCR and western blot results showed that Zn-Met and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water increased the expression of MT in the jejunum in comparison with the ZnSO4 added in the piglets' feed. However, different Zn supplementation forms had no effect on the mRNA expressions of Zip4 and ZnT1 transporters. In conclusion, Zn-Met added in feed and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water had higher bioavailability in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
| | - Zhi-He Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
- Department of Animal Science, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kai-Bin Mo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heng-Jia Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Kim SC, Kim ET, Lee SS. New challenges for efficient usage of Sargassum fusiforme for ruminant production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19655. [PMID: 33184385 PMCID: PMC7661511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme, which is a type of brown algae, can provide fiber and minerals to ruminant diets. In this study, dried S. fusiforme was tested in vitro at four different doses 1, 3, 5, and 10% of the total ration for its effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics, and gas profiles when incubated for 72 h. At a level of 1 and 10%, S. fusiforme supplementation augmented total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations compared to that with 0% supplementation. In addition, total gas, methane, and carbon dioxide emissions significantly decreased at 3 and 24 h of incubation at this dose. An in situ trial was performed for 72 h with S. fusiforme to evaluate it as a potential feed ingredient by comparing its degradation parameters with timothy hay (Phleum pretense). 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy profiling was used to identify and quantify metabolites of S. fusiforme. Mannitol, guanidoacetate and ethylene glycol were largely accumulated in S. fusiforme. Moreover, nutritious minerals for feed ingredients were present in S. fusiforme. Whereas a high concentration of arsenic was found in S. fusiforme, it was within the allowable limit for ruminants. Our results suggest that S. fusiforme could represent an alternative, renewable feed ingredient for ruminant diets, with nutritional, as well as environmental, benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ye Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Cheonan, 31000, South Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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18
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Oh SM, Kim MJ, Hosseindoust A, Kim KY, Choi YH, Ham HB, Hwang SJ, Lee JH, Cho HJ, Kang WS, Chae BJ. Hot melt extruded-based nano zinc as an alternative to the pharmacological dose of ZnO in weanling piglets. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:992-1001. [PMID: 32054217 PMCID: PMC7206387 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hot-melt extruded ZnO nano-particles (HME-ZnO) as an alternative for P-ZnO on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, Zn bioavailability, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs. Methods A total of 450 piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) were randomly allotted to five treatments based on initial body weight and sex. The experimental diets were fed in a meal form as phase 1 from d 0 to 14 and phase 2 from d 15 to 28. Treatments were the control diet without ZnO supplementation, the diet containing 2,500 ppm Zn as ZnO, and three diets containing 500, 1,000, or 2,500 ppm Zn as HME-ZnO. Results The overall result showed a higher (p<0.01) average daily gain in weanling pigs fed ZnO-supplemented diets in comparison to the control diet. There was a decrease (p<0.01) in fecal score in the ZnO-supplemented diets. Dietary supplementation of ZnO improved (p<0.05) crude protein digestibility. The weanling pigs fed the P-ZnO diet had a lower (p< 0.01) Zn digestibility in the feces than HME-ZnO supplemented treatments. Weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with ZnO had greater (p<0.05) Lactobacillus spp. populations and lower Clostridium spp. (p<0.05) and Coliforms (p<0.01) populations in the ileum. Weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of HME-ZnO linearly decreased Clostridium spp. (p<0.05) and Coliforms (p<0.01) in the ileum. Lower (p<0.05) Clostridium spp. and Coliforms counts in the colon were observed in pigs fed with ZnO-supplemented diets. Weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with ZnO showed a greater (p<0.01) villus height in the duodenum. Conclusion Dietary supplementation of HME-ZnO and P-ZnO showed a potential to improve the digestibility of protein, intestinal Coliform and Clostridium, villus height in duodenum and ileum. Moreover, HME-ZnO showed a higher Zn digestibility compared with P-ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Oh
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 63052, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kwang Yeol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hyung Bin Ham
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Hwang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun Jong Cho
- College of pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Wei Soo Kang
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Bio-Medical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Byung Jo Chae
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Jiao Y, Li X, Kim IH. Changes in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune blood profiles, fecal microbial and fecal gas emission of growing pigs in response to zinc aspartic acid chelate. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:597-604. [PMID: 31480182 PMCID: PMC7054602 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-ASP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Methods A total of 160 crossbred ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 25.56±2.22 kg were used in a 6-wk trial. Pigs were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments according to their sex and BW (8 replicates with 2 gilts and 3 barrows per replication pen). Treatments were as follows: i) CON, basal diet, ii) TRT1, CON+0.1% Zn-ASP, iii) TRT2, CON+0.2% Zn-ASP, and iv) TRT3, CON+0.3% Zn-ASP. Pens were assigned in a randomized complete block design to compensate for known position effects in the experimental facility. Results In the current study, BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed ratio showed significant improvement as dietary Zn-ASP increased (p<0.05) in growing pigs. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter was increased linearly (p<0.05) in pigs fed with Zn-ASP diets. A linear effect (p<0.05) was detected for the Zn concentration in blood with the increasing levels of Zn-ASP supplementation. Lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria were affected linearly (p<0.05) in pigs fed with Zn-ASP diets. However, no significant differences were observed in the ATTD of nitrogen, energy and Zn. And dietary Zn-ASP supplementation did not affect fecal ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and total mercaptans emissions in growing pigs. Conclusion In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Zn-ASP of diet exerted beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbes in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea
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