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Rocchetti G, Lapris M, Zengin G, Masoero F, Gallo A. Discrimination of different feed additives and poly-herbal formulations based on their untargeted phytochemical profiles. Metabolomics 2023; 20:5. [PMID: 38082140 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Feed additives represents a valid tool in animal nutrition to improve animal performance and livestock productivity under a sustainable perspective; however, there is a paucity of information about their comprehensive metabolomic and bioactive profiles. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested the ability of an untargeted metabolomics approach to discriminate nine commercial feed additives and unique blends of botanical extracts used in both ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition, according to their phytochemical profiles and different in vitro bioactive properties. METHODS An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry and multivariate statistics were combined to search for potential markers, in order to better discriminate the different commercial samples. RESULTS Several phytochemicals were identified, namely alkaloids, phenolics, organosulfurs, and terpenoids. The polyherbal formulation Zigbir was the best source of phytochemicals, accounting for a cumulative total content of phytochemicals equal to 3.03 mg Eq./g, being particularly abundant in terpenoids, stilbenes, phenolic acids, and small-molecular-weight phenolics. Multivariate statistics allowed to group the different products in 2 bioactive subclusters. The diterpenoid andrographolide recorded the highest abundance in Zigbir and Sangrovit. The most predictive biomarkers were: piperine, isoquercitrin, 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate, 6-methylumbelliferone, benzoic acid, (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol, and piperitenone. Flavonoids were highly correlated with both in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assays. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into the comprehensive phytochemical composition of commercial feed additives and blend of botanical extracts used for both ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition. A great importance of polyphenols in relation to the biological activities was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Marco Lapris
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Francesco Masoero
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
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Elghandour MMMY, Acosta-Lozano N, Alvarado TD, Castillo-Lopez E, Cipriano-Salazar M, Barros-Rodríguez M, Inyang UA, Purba RAP, Salem AZM. Influence of Azadirachta indica and Cnidoscolus angustidens aqueous extract on cattle ruminal gas production and degradability in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1090729. [PMID: 37266386 PMCID: PMC10230098 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1090729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitigation of ruminant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucial for more appropriate livestock production. Thus, there is a need of further research evaluating feed supplementation strategies to mitigate enteric GHG emissions and other gases produced within the rumen. Methods This study was conducted as a completely randomized experimental design to determine the effectiveness of liquid extracts from A. indica (AZI), C. angustidens (CNA), or their combination (Mix. 1:1) at dosages of 0, 36, 72, and 108 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate incubated in reducing GHG production in vitro, particularly methane (CH4), from the diet of steers during anaerobic incubation in rumen fluid. Total gas production, CH4, CO, H2S, and fermentative characteristics were all measured in vitro. Results Treatment AZI at a dose of 108 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate produced the highest (P < 0.05) gas volume at 6 h, whereas CNA at a dose of 72 mg of liquid extract/ g DM substrate produced the least (P < 0.05) at 6 and 24 h, and Mix. at a dose of 72 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate produced the least (P < 0.05) at 48 h. In addition, CH4 levels at 6 and 24 h of incubation (36 mg/g DM substrate) were highest (P < 0.05) for CNA, and lowest (P < 0.05) for AZI, whereas this variable was lowest (P < 0.05) at 72 mg of liquid extract for CNA at 24 and 48 h. At 6 and 24 h, CO volume was highest (P < 0.05) for AZI at 108 mg of liquid extract and lowest (P < 0.05) for Mix. at 72 mg of liquid extract. Treatment Mix. had a high (P < 0.05) concentration of short chain fatty acids at 72 mg of liquid extract/g DM of substrate. Discussion In general, herbaceous perennial plants, such as AZI and CNA, could be considered suitable for mitigating enteric GHG emissions from animals. Specifically, the treatment Mix. achieved a greater sustainable reduction of 67.6% in CH4 and 47.5% in H2S production when compared to either AZI. This reduction in CH4 might suggest the potential of the combination of both plant extracts for mitigating the production of GHG from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. M. Y. Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Néstor Acosta-Lozano
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Tonantzin Díaz Alvarado
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitlan, Mexico
- Department of Farm Animals and Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Moises Cipriano-Salazar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 1, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Marcos Barros-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Sector el Tambo-La Universidad, vía a Quero, Cevallos, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Udoh Akpan Inyang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Lavender Meal and Essential Oil for Dairy Cows. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the potential of lavender meal (LM) and lavender essential oil (LEO) to mitigate methane emissions by dairy cows. Locally grown lavender was collected fresh for this purpose, and its oil was extracted using the cold-press method. The resultant LEO and LM and whole lavender (WL) were added to dairy cow concentrate feed at 0%, 0.05%, and 0.10%, and their effects on vitro gas production values and gas concentrations were subsequently assessed. Out of the 30 bioactive compounds isolated from LEO, linalool and linalyl acetate were the most common—accounting for 70.4% of the total. The lavender dose had a significant influence on gas production for up to 12 h. No significant variations were found across the lavender forms when gas kinetics, in vitro degradability, and predicted energy values were compared. The addition of WL to the concentrate feed of dairy cows produced the greatest quantities of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, whereas LEO resulted in the lowest values. In contrast, no significant difference in ammonia content was found across the various lavender forms added into dairy cow concentrate feed. The results of this research suggest that adding 0.05–0.10% LM and LEO to concentrate feed may decrease greenhouse gas emissions from dairy cows.
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Shilwant S, Hundal JS, Singla M, Patra AK. Ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro, milk production, nutrient utilization, blood profile, and immune responses of lactating goats fed polyphenolic and saponin-rich plant extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10901-10913. [PMID: 36087183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a composite plant extract (CPE) rich in polyphenolics and saponins from seeds of Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), root of Asparagus racemosus (shatavari), bark of Amoora rohituka (rohitaka), and peel of Punica granatum (pomegranate) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro, milk production, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and blood profiles in lactating Beetal goats fed CPE at 20 g/kg diet. Dose effect of CPE was assessed using different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg substrate) to find out an optimum dose for the in vivo study. The in vivo experiment lasted 70 days including a 10-day adaptation period. In the in vitro study, dry matter (DM) and fiber degradability increased linearly (P < 0.05) and methane production and ammonia concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of CPE. Concentrations of total VFA and proportion of propionate increased (P < 0.001) linearly, whereas proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio decreased with a linear effect. Dietary CPE increased milk yield (P = 0.017) and concentrations of protein and lactose (P = 0.045) by CPE, but concentrations of fat and solid not fat in milk were not affected (P > 0.10). Somatic cell counts in milk reduced (P = 0.045) in the CPE-fed goats. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.037) increased significantly and NDF (P = 0.066) tended to increase due to supplementation of CPE. Blood glucose (P = 0.028) and albumin (P = 0.007) concentrations increased, while other liver-marker metabolites and enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase activity were not altered in goats due to feeding of CPE. Concentrations of total amino acids (P = 0.010), total essential amino acids (P = 0.012), and total ketogenic amino acids (P < 0.001) were greater in the CPE-fed goats than the control goats. Cell-mediated immune response improved due to CPE feeding. This study suggests that the CPE rich in both phenolics and saponins could improve ruminal fermentation, milk production, and nutrient utilization in lactating goats with better health status while decreasing methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Shilwant
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Jaspal Singh Hundal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Mandeep Singla
- Goat Farm, Directorate of Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India.
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Foggi G, Terranova M, Conte G, Mantino A, Amelchanka SL, Kreuzer M, Mele M. In vitro screening of the ruminal methane and ammonia mitigating potential of mixtures of either chestnut or quebracho tannins with blends of essential oils as feed additives. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2130832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Foggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Michael Kreuzer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Palangi V, Lackner M. Management of Enteric Methane Emissions in Ruminants Using Feed Additives: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243452. [PMID: 36552373 PMCID: PMC9774182 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminants' metabolism, a surplus of hydrogen is removed from the reduction reaction of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) by the formation of methane by methanogenic bacteria and archaea methanogens. The balance of calculations between VFA (volatile fatty acids), CO2, and CH4 indicates that acetate and butyrate play a role in methane production, while the formation of propionate maintains hydrogen and therefore reduces methane production. CH4 formation in ruminant livestock is not desired because it reduces feed efficiency and contributes to global warming. Therefore, numerous strategies have been investigated to mitigate methane production in ruminants. This review focuses on feed additives which have the capability of reducing methane emissions in ruminants. Due to the environmental importance of methane emissions, such studies are needed to make milk and meat production more sustainable. Additionally, the additives which have no adverse effects on rumen microbial population and where the reduction effects are a result of their hydrogen sink property, are the best reduction methods. Methane inhibitors have shown such a property in most cases. More work is needed to bring methane-reducing agents in ruminant diets to full market maturity, so that farmers can reap feed cost savings and simultaneously achieve environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Circe Biotechnologie GmbH, Kerpengasse 125, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (M.L.)
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Singh S, Hundal JS, Patra AK, Sethi RS, Sharma A. A composite polyphenol-rich extract improved growth performance, ruminal fermentation and immunity, while decreasing methanogenesis and excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus in growing buffaloes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24757-24773. [PMID: 34826082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a composite polyphenolic-rich extract (CPRE) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilisation, growth performance, excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus and methane emission were studied in growing buffaloes. Four herbal dry extracts prepared from Acacia arabica (babul; bark), Acacia catechu (cutch; bark), Punica granatum (pomegranate; peel) and Eugenia jambolana (Indian blackberry; seeds) were mixed in an equal proportion (1:1:1:1) to prepare the CPRE that contained mainly phenolic compounds (146 g/kg), flavonoids (41.7 g/kg) and saponins (40.5 g/kg). First, in vitro tests were performed for ruminal fermentation and feed degradability using ruminal fluid as inocula and CPRE at 0 to 40 g/kg substrate to decide an optimal dose of CPRE for an in vivo study on buffaloes. In the animal study, 20 buffaloes were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 10)-a control diet and a CPRE diet (control diet added with extra 20 g/kg of CPRE). The in vitro tests suggested that addition of CPRE at 20 g/kg substrate increased degradability of substrate, short-chain fatty acid concentration and propionate proportion, and reduced methane production, acetate proportion, acetate:propionate ratio and ammonia concentration in fermentation media, which were also noted in the rumen of buffaloes. Feeding CRPE to buffaloes did not affect feed intake, but increased daily body weight gain, dry matter and crude protein digestibility and nitrogen and phosphorus retention in the body. Total bacteria, methanogens and protozoal numbers were similar between two groups, but Fibrobacter succinogenes increased in the rumen of buffaloes fed CPRE. Concentrations of total, essential, non-essential and glucogenic amino acids were greater in the plasma of CPRE-fed buffaloes. Cell-mediated immune response improved in the CPRE-fed buffaloes compared with the control group. Estimated methane production and excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus per unit of body weight gain decreased in the CPRE group. The comprehensive results of this study clearly suggested that the composite polyphenol-rich feed additive at 20 g/kg diet improved growth performance, ruminal fermentation, immunity and plasma amino acids profile, whereas it reduced indicators of environmental impacts of buffalo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehdeep Singh
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspal Singh Hundal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ram S Sethi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
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Choi Y, Lee Y, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Jo SU, Moon YH, Lee SS, Lee SS. Dose-response effects of Poncirus trifoliata extract on in vitro ruminal methane production, fermentation, and microbial abundance. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2034540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejun Lee
- Greengrassbio Incorporated, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Hwang Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Jin Q, You W, Tan X, Liu G, Zhang X, Liu X, Wan F, Wei C. Caffeic acid modulates methane production and rumen fermentation in an opposite way with high-forage or high-concentrate substrate in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3013-3020. [PMID: 33205409 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant secondary metabolites, including tannins, saponins and phenolic acids, possess potential methane (CH4 ) inhibition bioactivity. Caffeic acid (CA), as one of the typical phenolic acids, serves as a promising rumen CH4 inhibitor, but the underlying mechanisms and investigations with typical formulated rations are still not well documented. Therefore, a batch culture study was conducted to investigate the effects of CA on methanogenesis, rumen fermentation and growth of ruminal microorganisms when high-forage or high-concentrate substrates are fermented. RESULTS After 48 h incubations, adding CA up to 40 g kg-1 dry matter linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the disappearance of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), total gas, methanogenesis, total volatile fatty acid and 16S rDNA copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and increased 16S rDNA copy numbers of methanogens for the high-forage treatment. For the high-concentrate treatment, CA exerted opposite effects (P < 0.05) on the above variables, except that CA did not affect (P > 0.05)16S rDNA copy numbers of methanogens or R. albus. CONCLUSION Caffeic acid inhibited in vitro methanogenesis and rumen fermentation with high-forage substrate incubation. Contrarily, CA benefited in vitro fermentation and enhanced methanogenesis with high-concentrate substrate incubation. It suggests that CA modulates methanogenesis and rumen fermentation mainly by affecting the growth of cellulolytic bacteria in vitro. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei You
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuwen Tan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guifen Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xianglun Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Kapp-Bitter AN, Dickhoefer U, Kreuzer M, Leiber F. Mature herbs as supplements to ruminant diets: effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation and ammonia production. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
High concentrations of crude protein in ruminant diets may lead to excessive production of ruminal ammonia, which may stress the animal’s metabolism and impact nitrogen efficiency. This may become a problem in zero-concentrate feeding systems when pasture grass is rich in crude protein. Polyphenols such as tannins may protect part of dietary protein from ruminal degradation and thus inhibit ammonia formation.
Aims
The present study screened mature herbs for their potential to mitigate ruminal ammonia formation in cattle, when provided as a supplement to a forage diet.
Methods
Thirty-five temperate-climate, herbaceous meadow plant species (including three legumes) that appear in biodiverse natural and sown pastures were investigated for their effects on ruminal ammonia production. Aboveground material was harvested during ripening of the seeds and analysed for nutrient and phenol concentrations. Net energy and protein absorbable at the duodenum were calculated. Incubations (24 h) with cattle rumen fluid following the in vitro Hohenheim Gas Test protocol were performed to compare the effects of the test plants on ruminal gas and ammonia formation. Test plants replaced one-third of a basal mixture consisting of 57% Lolium perenne L. and 43% Medicago sativa L. (air-dry-matter basis). Results were compared with those obtained with the basal mixture alone.
Key results
According to regression analysis, ammonia concentration after incubation was negatively related to concentrations of total extractable phenols and total tannins in feed mixtures, whereas the relationship was weakly positive with dietary crude protein. In 23 and 19 of the test diets, respectively, in vitro gas production (indicating ruminal organic matter digestibility) and ammonia concentrations in the incubation medium after 24 h were significantly lower than with the basal mixture alone. Incubations containing Galium verum L., Leontodon hispidus L., Lotus corniculatus L., Onobrychis viciifolia Scop., Plantago lanceolata L., Sanguisorba minor Scop. and Scabiosa columbaria L. maintained gas production and estimated in vitro organic matter digestibility while at the same time lowering ammonia concentrations.
Conclusions
Seven mature herbs of a screening of 35 proved to have potential for positive effects on ruminal protein utilisation without impairing fermentation.
Implications
These herbs are of particular interest as dietary supplements for dairy cows grazing protein-rich pastures.
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Matra M, Totakul P, Wanapat M. Utilization of dragon fruit waste by-products and non-protein nitrogen source: Effects on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrients degradability and methane production. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sato Y, Nakanishi T, Wang L, Oishi K, Hirooka H, Kumagai H. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of wine lees as feeds for ruminants: Effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and antioxidant status. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jayanegara A, Yogianto Y, Wina E, Sudarman A, Kondo M, Obitsu T, Kreuzer M. Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1531. [PMID: 32872671 PMCID: PMC7552205 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of combining plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins at varying proportions on in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Tannins were extracted from Swietenia mahogani leaves and saponins from Sapindus rarak fruits with various solvents. The extracts obtained with the most efficient solvents (tannins: 75% water and 25% methanol; saponins: pure methanol) were then used in vitro. The treatments consisted of two substrate types (high-forage (HF) or high-concentrate (HC) diets) and five extract combinations (tannins: saponins, 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) added at 2 mg/mL in incubation liquid. In vitro incubation was performed in four runs, with each treatment being represented with two replicates per run. The addition of plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins, either individually or in combination, decreased the methane proportion of total gas in both the HF (p < 0.05) and HC (p < 0.05) diets. The effects of the plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins were generally additive in mitigating methane emissions. Favorable associative effects between the extracts were observed in the ammonia concentration, both in the HF (p < 0.001) and HC (p < 0.01) diets and in the methane proportion of total gas, with a 1:3 mixture of tannins and saponins added to the HC diet (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Yogianto Yogianto
- Graduate School of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Elizabeth Wina
- Indonesian Research Center for Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor 16002, Indonesia;
| | - Asep Sudarman
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan;
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
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14
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Kim H, Lee HG, Baek YC, Lee S, Seo J. The effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and production performance in ruminants: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:31-42. [PMID: 32082596 PMCID: PMC7008120 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (NOP)
on gas production, rumen fermentation, and animal performances depending on
animal type using a meta-analysis approach. A database consisted of data from 14
studies, 18 experiments and 55 treatments. The supplementation of NOP linearly
decreased methane (CH4) emissions [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)]
regardless of animal type and length of experimental period (beef,
p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.797;
dairy, p = 0.0003, R2 = 0.916; and
long term, p < 0.0001, R2 =
0.910). The total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and the proportion of
acetate, based on beef cattle database, were significantly decreased with
increasing NOP supplementation (p = 0.0015,
R2 = 0.804 and p = 0.0003,
R2 = 0.918), whereas other individual VFAs was
increased. Based on the dairy database, increasing levels of NOP supplementation
linearly decreased proportion of acetate (p = 0.0284,
R2 = 0.769) and increased that of valerate
(p = 0.0340, R2 = 0.522),
regardless of significant change on other individual VFAs. In animal
performances, the DMI, from beef cattle database, tended to decrease when the
levels of NOP supplementation increased (p = 0.0574,
R2 = 0.170), whereas there was no significant
change on DMI from dairy cattle database. The NOP supplementation tended to
decrease milk yield (p = 0.0606, R2
= 0.381) and increase milk fat and milk protein (p = 0.0861,
R2 = 0.321, p = 0.0838,
R2 = 0.322). NOP is a viable candidate as a feed
additive because of its CH4 mitigation effects, regardless of animal
type and experiment period, without adverse effects on animal performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Youl-Chang Baek
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seyoung Lee
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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15
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Yejun L, Su Kyoung L, Shin Ja L, Jong-Su E, Sung Sill L. Effects of Lonicera japonica extract supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane emission, and microbial population. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1170-1176. [PMID: 31321858 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica (LJ; honeysuckle) is used in traditional folk medicine in Korea and is a rich source of ascorbic acid and phenolic components that are reported to have antioxidant and antibiotic properties. We performed an in vitro experiment to assess the effects of LJ extracts (LJE) on ruminal fermentation. Timothy hay (0.3 g dry matter [DM]) was incubated with buffer, ruminal fluid, and 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% LJE. Batch culture fermentation was conducted separately for 12, 24, and 48 hr to determine gas production (GP), ruminal fermentation characteristics, and microbial population characteristics. The effects on GP were generally similar to those on DM degradability, with a linear decrease observed at 9% extract at 24 hr. NH3 -N showed a linear increase with increasing extract concentrations at 12 hr, whereas a decrease was observed at 24 hr. Extract supplementation decreased methane (CH4 ) production at 12, 24, and 48 hr. In addition, the abundance of fibrolytic bacteria and ciliate-associated methanogen was reduced at all concentrations of extracts. These results indicate that LJE have the potential to serve as a ruminal fermentation modifier to suppress CH4 production with minimal effects on nutrient digestion in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Yejun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Lee Su Kyoung
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Lee Shin Ja
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Jong-Su
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Korea
| | - Lee Sung Sill
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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16
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Sinz S, Liesegang A, Kreuzer M, Marquardt S. Do supplements of Acacia mearnsii and grapeseed extracts alone or in combination alleviate metabolic nitrogen load and manure nitrogen emissions of lambs fed a high crude protein diet? Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:306-323. [PMID: 31164000 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1615359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diets excessive in crude protein (CP) are unfavourable in terms of metabolic and environmental load. Dietary phenols, often binding to dietary proteins, may alleviate these problems. In an experiment with 60 lambs (3.2 ± 1.6 months of age; 29.7 ± 5.1 kg body weight), kept in pairs, five diets were tested. A diet with 157 g CP/kg dry matter (DM) served as negative control. Four diets with on average 229 (225-233) g CP/kg DM remained either non-supplemented or were supplemented with 13 g/kg DM of Acacia mearnsii extract, grapeseed extract, or a combination of both (26 g extract/kg DM). The analysed concentrations of total extractable phenols were 7.1, 8.1, 14.3, 16.6 and 25.4 g/kg DM for low (CP‒) and high CP (CP+), and high CP with acacia (CP+A), grapeseed (CP+G) and acacia plus grapeseed (CP+AG), respectively. Diets were fed for 10 weeks, and for 6 d faeces and urine were collected and subsequently stored as complete manure for 8 weeks. In blood plasma, phenol concentrations and activities of enzymes indicating liver and kidney stress were analysed. The CP+ diet increased apparent digestibility of N and its removal with the urine, with the expected increase in gaseous N emissions from the manure (13.5 vs 6.5 g/lamb per day during 8 weeks) compared to CP‒. However, no clear signs of metabolic stress were detected. Supplementing the extracts did not impair intake, growth performance and digestibility. Only the supplementation with both extracts decreased urinary N proportion of manure N, and the concomitant weak decline in gaseous emission from the manure was not significant. At least part of the phenols of both extracts seem to be bioavailable as their supplementation elevated blood plasma phenol concentrations by 15% to 40% compared to CP+. A combination of both extracts did not result in a further increase. Further studies have to identify the minimally effective dosage for reducing N emissions, which, at the same time, does not cause adverse side effects in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sinz
- a ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- b University of Zürich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- a ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Svenja Marquardt
- a ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zürich , Switzerland.,c International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) , Mazingira Centre , Nairobi , Kenya
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