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Evaluating Ruminal and Small Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Composition of Calves Fed a Macleaya cordata Extract Preparation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010054. [PMID: 36611664 PMCID: PMC9817497 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the impact of feeding MCE on ruminal and intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of calves. A total of 10 male and 10 female crossbred (dairy × beef) calves (6 d of age) were assigned randomly to control (CTL; n = 10) or MCE-supplemented (TRT; n = 10) groups. The MCE was fed in the milk replacer and top-dressed on the calf starter during pre-weaning (6 to 49 d) and post-weaning (50 to 95 d) periods, respectively. Calves were slaughtered at 95 d to collect rumen and intestinal samples to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile, mucosal morphology, and microbiota composition. The effects of MCE were analyzed by accounting for the sex and breed effects. Feeding MCE increased rumen papillae length (p = 0.010) and intestinal villus height: crypt depth (p < 0.030) compared to CTL but did not affect rumen VFA profile. The TRT had a negligible impact on microbial community composition in both the rumen and the jejunum. In conclusion, feeding MCE from birth through weaning can improve ruminal and small intestinal mucosa development of calves despite the negligible microbiota composition changes observed post-weaning.
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Jia P, Tu Y, Liu Z, Li F, Yan T, Ma S, Dong L, Diao Q. Diets supplementation with Bacillus subtilis and Macleaya cordata extract improve production performance and the metabolism of energy and nitrogen, while reduce enteric methane emissions in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mu C, Zhang X, Zhang J, Hao X. Procyanidins regulate colonic metabolome, inflammatory response and antioxidant capacity in lambs fed a high‐concentrate diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntang Mu
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Xuanzi Zhang
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
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Assessing Performance and Safety of Feeding a Standardized Macleaya cordata Extract to Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202875. [DOI: 10.3390/ani12202875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of Sangrovit®, a Macleaya cordata plant extract (MCE) preparation on feed intake, growth, blood chemistry, and tissue-residue levels of calves. Twenty male and 20 female calves (~5 d of age) were assigned to one of four daily Sangrovit® doses: 0.0 and 0.0 (CTL), 2.0 and 4.0 (D1), 5.0 and 10.0 (D2), and 10.0 and 20.0 (D3) g/calf in pre-weaning (5 to 49 d of age) and post-weaning (50 to 95 d of age) periods, respectively. Sangrovit® doses were fed in milk replacer pre-weaning and top-dressed on calf starter post-weaning. Milk replacer and calf starter intake was recorded daily. Body weight, hematology, and serum chemistry were measured at 5, 49, and 95 d of age. Calves were slaughtered at 95 d of age for MCE tissue residue analysis. Compared to CTL, D1 increased milk-replacer intake (4.90 to 5.09 L/day), but decreased calf starter intake pre- (0.65 to 0.53 kg/d) and post-weaning (3.42 to 3.20 kg/d). No Sangrovit® dose affected average daily gain. The hematology and blood chemistry of all treatment groups fell within the ranges of healthy calves. Results showed no adverse effects of MCE on health and growth performance of calves when fed up to 10.0 g/calf/day pre-weaning and up to 20.0 g/calf/day post-weaning.
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Le HH, Shakeri M, Suleria HAR, Zhao W, McQuade RM, Phillips DJ, Vidacs E, Furness JB, Dunshea FR, Artuso-Ponte V, Cottrell JJ. Betaine and Isoquinoline Alkaloids Protect against Heat Stress and Colonic Permeability in Growing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101024. [PMID: 33096723 PMCID: PMC7589639 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) compromises productivity of pork production, in part as a result of increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, particularly within the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate whether plant-derived betaine and isoquinoline alkaloids could ameliorate HS in pigs. Fifty female Large White × Landrace grower pigs, which were acclimated to control (CON), control plus betaine (BET), or control plus isoquinoline alkaloids (IQA) diets for 14 days were then exposed to heat stress or thermoneutral condition. Both BET and IQA partially ameliorated increases in respiration rate (p = 0.013) and rectal temperature (p = 0.001) associated with HS conditions. Heat stress increased salivary cortisol concentrations and reduced plasma creatinine, lactate, and thyroid hormone concentrations. Heat stress increased colon FD4 permeability, which was reduced by IQA (p = 0.030). Heat stress increased inflammation in the jejunum and ileum, as indicated by elevated interleukin-1β (p = 0.022) in the jejunum and interleukin-1β (p = 0.004) and interleukin-8 (p = 0.001) in the ileum. No differences in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were observed with HS, but betaine increased plasma TAC compared to IQA. Dietary BET increased betaine concentrations in the jejunum, ileum (p < 0.001 for both), plasma, liver, kidney (p < 0.010 for all), urine (p = 0.002) and tended to be higher in muscle (p = 0.084). Betaine concentration was not influenced by HS, but it tended to be higher in plasma and accumulated in the liver. These data suggest that betaine and isoquinoline alkaloids supplementation ameliorated consequences of heat stress in grower pigs and protected against HS induced increases in colonic permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Huu Le
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131004, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.H.L.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Majid Shakeri
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Weicheng Zhao
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Rachel Mai McQuade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Deborah Jayne Phillips
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Eva Vidacs
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - John Barton Furness
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Rowland Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Jeremy James Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.H.L.); (J.J.C.)
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Olvera-Aguirre G, Mendoza-Taco MM, Arcos-Álvarez DN, Piñeiro-Vázquez AT, Moo-Huchin VM, Canul-Solís JR, Castillo-Sánchez L, Ramírez-Bautista MA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Chay-Canul AJ. Effect of Feeding Lactating Ewes with Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Preweaning Performance of Ewe/Lamb Pair. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071117. [PMID: 32610660 PMCID: PMC7401604 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of plant extracts as supplemental additives in ruminant diets shows beneficial effects. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) on milk production and milk composition in ewes and on preweaning performance of their lambs. At different doses, MOE supplementation did not affect overall productive traits in ewes and lambs and did not have negative effects on milk production and milk quality. Abstract The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) on milk production and milk composition in ewes and on preweaning performance of their lambs. Twenty-four lactating ewes were housed individually with their lambs and assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design. The treatments included a basal diet without MOE (MOE0) or a basal diet supplemented with either 20 mL MOE per ewe per day (MOE20), 40 mL MOE per ewe per day (MOE40) or 60 mL MOE per ewe per day (MOE60). Over 45 days, milk production was recorded weekly and individual milk samples were collected for chemical analysis. Milk yield, fat-corrected milk and daily yields were similar among the four treatments. The supply of MOE did not affect ewe weaning efficiency and average daily gain or litter weaning weight of the lambs. Overall, the results from this study showed that dietary supplementation of hydroalcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves at doses of 20, 40 or 60 mL/ewes/d in lactating ewes does not have negative effects on milk yield, milk composition or lamb performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Olvera-Aguirre
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, km 25. Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, R/A La Huasteca., Colonia Centro Tabasco 86280, Mexico; (G.O.-A.); (M.M.M.-T.)
| | - Miriam Marleny Mendoza-Taco
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, km 25. Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, R/A La Huasteca., Colonia Centro Tabasco 86280, Mexico; (G.O.-A.); (M.M.M.-T.)
| | - Darwin Nicolas Arcos-Álvarez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal, Yucatán 97345, Mexico; (D.N.A.-Á.); (A.T.P.-V.)
| | - Angel Trinidad Piñeiro-Vázquez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal, Yucatán 97345, Mexico; (D.N.A.-Á.); (A.T.P.-V.)
| | - Victor Manuel Moo-Huchin
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, km 5 Mérida-Progreso, Mérida, Yucatán 97120, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Rodolfo Canul-Solís
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tizimín, Tizimín, Yucatán 97000, Mexico; (J.R.C.-S.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Luis Castillo-Sánchez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tizimín, Tizimín, Yucatán 97000, Mexico; (J.R.C.-S.); (L.C.-S.)
| | | | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence: (E.V.-B.-P.); (A.J.C.-C.)
| | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, km 25. Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, R/A La Huasteca., Colonia Centro Tabasco 86280, Mexico; (G.O.-A.); (M.M.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.-B.-P.); (A.J.C.-C.)
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