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Mohamed N, Jing M, Plaksii M, Zhao S, Nyachoti CM, Yang C, House JD. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility and performance indices in pullets and laying hens fed expeller-pressed Canadian prairie soybean meal. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104081. [PMID: 39067119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean meals (SBM) from different locations differ in their protein content, subsequently influencing their amino acid (AA) profile. In this study, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and growth or production performance were evaluated in pullets and hens fed SBM derived from soybean grown in Western Canada, primarily Manitoba (MB) labelled as A-, B- and C-SBM compared with that from Eastern Canada (Ontario, ON-SBM) and contained 38.3 ± 0.44, 38.6 ± 0.61, 39.4 ± 0.49, or 44.0 ± 0.87% CP, respectively. A N-free diet was used to determine basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. The study included the grower, developer, and layer phases (9-12, 13-16, and 44/59-64-wk old birds, respectively). Although a lower (P = 0.029) SID for cysteine was noted in the grower phase for the C-SBM compared with other SBM, the developer phase had higher (P < 0.05) SID for methionine, phenylalanine, cysteine (more by 4.4, 2.4 and 7.2% units, respectively) on average for SBM samples from MB compared with the ON-SBM. Regardless the source of the SBM, no difference in SID of AA was noted in the layer phase. Overall, in all phases the SID values of most AA in the SBM from MB were comparable with the ON-SBM, which may be linked to higher values of these AA per unit of protein content in the former source. In addition, the growth performance including feed intake, BW gain and feed conversion ratio in pullets, and egg production/quality in layers were similar between treatments. These findings show that the MB-SBM have a comparable feeding value with the ON-SBM, hence represent a suitable alternative protein source for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neijat Mohamed
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mingyan Jing
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Maryna Plaksii
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shusheng Zhao
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Charles M Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - James D House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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2
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Greene ES, Ramser A, Wideman R, Bedford M, Dridi S. Dietary inclusion of phytase and stimbiotic decreases mortality and lameness in a wire ramp challenge model in broilers. Avian Pathol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38776101 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2359592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Wire ramp model reproducibly induced lameness/BCO in broilers.Treatments did not affect growth, but phytase with stimbiotic significantly reduced BCO.Phytase increased circulating inositol, and wire flooring decreased bone inositol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Arkansas, USA
| | - Alison Ramser
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Arkansas, USA
| | - Robert Wideman
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Arkansas, USA
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An S, Kong C. Influence of dietary crude protein on growth performance and apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in corn-soybean meal-based diets fed to broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102505. [PMID: 36739804 PMCID: PMC9932555 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the influence of dietary CP on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and test the additivity of AA digestibility in corn-soybean meal-based diets fed to broilers. Six experimental diets comprising a nitrogen-free diet and five corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 6.0%, 9.5%, 13.0%, 16.5%, and 20.0% CP were prepared. Increments in CP and AA concentrations were achieved by increasing the inclusion rate of corn and soybean meal at the expense of cornstarch. All diets contained 0.5% chromic oxide, which was included as an indigestible index. A total of 960 Ross 308 male broilers 19-day-old male broilers (Ross 308), with a mean BW of 628 g (SD = 58.0), were allocated to six dietary treatment groups in a randomized complete block design, with each treatment group have eight replicate cages and 20 birds per cage. All birds were fed the experimental diets for 4 days. On d 23, individual BW and feed intake were recorded, followed by collection of ileal digesta samples from the distal ileum. Regarding growth, the final BW, weight gain, feed intake, and gain to feed ratio increased linearly (P < 0.001) as dietary CP concentrations increased. With the increase in dietary CP concentrations from 6.0% to 20.0%, the AID of all AA, except Arg, increased linearly (P < 0.05). However, the SID of all AA, except Arg, Cys, and Pro, remained unaffected by CP concentrations in the diets. This study indicated that dietary CP concentrations from 6.0% to 20.0% have an effect on the growth performance of birds and the AID of most AA; however, the SID of most AA was not affected by dietary CP concentrations in the corn-soybean meal-based diets. In conclusion, the SID of AA is more additive than the AID of AA in poultry diets containing CP in the range of 6.0% to 20.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.H. An
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - C. Kong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea,Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea,Research Institute of Horse Industry, Sangju 37224, Korea,Corresponding author:
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4
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Liu X, Huang X, Fu Y, Wang Y, Lu Z. The Positive Effects of Exogenous Pancreatin on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion and Absorption, and Intestinal Microbiota in Piglets. Front Physiol 2022; 13:906522. [PMID: 36017338 PMCID: PMC9395744 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.906522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatin secretion is dramatically decreased over time after weaning, thus affecting the utilization of nutrients in piglets. Therefore, exogenous pancreatin is expected to alleviate this situation. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous pancreatin on the growth performance, nutrient digestion and absorption, and intestinal microbiota of piglets. One hundred eighty piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 40 days) were randomly allotted to three treatments (basal diets supplemented with 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg pancreatin) with three replicate pens per treatment and 20 piglets per pen. Compared with the control diet, dietary 500 mg/kg pancreatin significantly increased (p < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat of piglets. Regarding endogenous enzymes, pancrelipase activity in the pancreas, duodenal mucosa, and small intestinal digesta as well as trypsin activity in the jejunal digesta were increased in piglets fed a diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg pancreatin (p < 0.05). Moreover, amylopsin activity was significantly strengthened in the pancreas, duodenal mucosa, and digesta in piglets fed a diet with 500 mg/kg pancreatin (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, including oligopeptide transporter-1 (PepT1), excitatory amino acid transporter-1 (EAAC1), cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1), sodium glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), and fatty acid transporter-4 (FATP4), in the jejunum significantly increased after dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg pancreatin (p < 0.05). An increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum was observed in the 500 mg/kg pancreatin-treated group (p < 0.05). The composition of the colonic microbiota modulated by the addition of 500 mg/kg pancreatin was characterized by an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus (p < 0.05), and the predicted functions revealed that 500 mg/kg pancreatin supplementation enhanced the functional abundance of genetic information processing in colonic microorganisms and environmental information processing. Our findings suggested that the addition of 500 mg/kg pancreatin improved the growth performance of piglets, improved intestinal structure, and modulated the colon microbiota, thereby increasing nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zeqing Lu,
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Mulvenna CC, McCormack UM, Magowan E, McKillen J, Bedford MR, Walk CL, Oster M, Reyer H, Wimmers K, Fornara DA, Ball MEE. The Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gut Bacteria and Bone Strength of Broilers Offered Alternative, Sustainable Diets Varying in Nutrient Specification and Phytase Dose. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131669. [PMID: 35804568 PMCID: PMC9264997 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the use of locally sourced sustainable feed ingredients, rapeseed meal (RSM) and maize dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets over traditional ingredients on the growth performance, bone strength and nutrient digestibility of broilers. This work also investigated the effects of supplementing exogenous phytase in two doses (500 vs. 1500 FTU/kg). Using male Ross 308 chicks (n = 320) assigned to receive one of four experimental diets: (1) Positive control diet 1 (PC1), a wheat, soya-based diet + 500 FTU/kg phytase. (2) Positive control diet 2, RSM/DDGS diet + 500 FTU/kg phytase (PC2). (3) Negative control (NC) reduced nutrient RSM/DDGS diet, no phytase. (4) The NC diet plus 1500 FTU/kg phytase (NC+). PC1 birds displayed higher feed intake and body weight gain consistently throughout the trial (p < 0.001) as well as increased body weight by 28 d and 42 d (p < 0.001). Whole-body dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis revealed PC1 birds also had higher bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), total bone mass, total lean mass and total fat mass than birds offered other treatments (p < 0.01). Diet had no significant effect on bone strength. Phytase superdosing improved the digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) compared to birds in other treatment groups. The phytase superdose also improved performance in comparison to birds offered the NC diet. Phytase superdosing increased the IP6 and IP5 degradation and increased the ileal inositol concentration of the birds. N excretion was lower for birds offered the traditional wheat−soya diet and highest for those offered the high-specification RSM/DDGS diet with a commercial dose of phytase. The addition of a phytase superdose to the negative control diet (NC+) reduced P excretion of birds by 15% compared to birds offered NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C. Mulvenna
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (U.M.M.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (D.A.F.); (M.E.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ursula M. McCormack
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (U.M.M.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (D.A.F.); (M.E.E.B.)
- DSM Nutritional Products France, Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Animale, 68305 Saint-Louis, France
| | - Elizabeth Magowan
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (U.M.M.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (D.A.F.); (M.E.E.B.)
| | - John McKillen
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (U.M.M.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (D.A.F.); (M.E.E.B.)
| | - Mike R. Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK; (M.R.B.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Carrie L. Walk
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK; (M.R.B.); (C.L.W.)
- DSM Nutritional Products, Delves Road, Heanor, Derbyshire DE75 7SG, UK
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (K.W.)
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (K.W.)
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (K.W.)
| | - Dario A. Fornara
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (U.M.M.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (D.A.F.); (M.E.E.B.)
| | - M. Elizabeth E. Ball
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (U.M.M.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (D.A.F.); (M.E.E.B.)
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Korver DR. Intestinal nutrition: role of vitamins and biofactors and gaps of knowledge. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101665. [PMID: 35168163 PMCID: PMC8850792 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiota in the health of the host is complex and multifactorial. The microbiota both consumes nutrients in competition with the host, but also creates nutrients that can be used by other microbes, but also the host. However, the quantitative impact of the microbiota on nutrient supply and demand is not well understood in poultry. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the largest points of contact with the external environment, and the intestinal microbiome is the largest and most complex of any system. Although the intestinal microbiota has first access to consumed nutrients, including vitamins, and is potentially a major contributor to production of various vitamins, the quantification of these impacts remains very poorly understood in poultry. Based on the human literature, it is clear that vitamin deficiencies can have systemic effects on the regulation of many physiological systems, beyond the immediate, direct nutrient functions of the vitamins. The impact of excessive supplementation of vitamins on the microbiota is not well understood in any species. In the context of poultry nutrition, in which substantial dietary excesses of most vitamins are provided, this represents a knowledge gap. Given the paucity of studies investigating the vitamin requirements of modern, high-producing poultry, the limited understanding of vitamin nutrition (supply and utilization) by the microbiome, and the potential impacts on the microbiome of the move away from dietary growth-promoting antibiotic use, more research in this area is required. The microbiota also contributes a vast array of other metabolites involved in intramicrobiota communication, symbiosis and competition that can also have an impact on the host. Myo-inositol and butyrate are briefly discussed as examples of biofactors produced by the microbiota as mediators of intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5.
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Gómez-Rosales S, Angeles ML, López-Hernández LH, López-Garcia YR, Domínguez-Negrete A. Responses of Broiler Chickens Fed Low or High Non-Starch Polysaccharide Diets and the Addition of Humic Substances from a Worm Compost. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gómez-Rosales
- National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research Ringgold standard institution, Mexico
| | - ML Angeles
- National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research Ringgold standard institution, Mexico
| | - LH López-Hernández
- National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research Ringgold standard institution, Mexico
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