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Pasri P, Rakngam S, Gérard N, Mermillod P, Khempaka S. Synthetic and phytogenic antioxidants improve productive performance, antioxidant activity, gene expression, and offspring quality in breeder hens subjected to heat stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103390. [PMID: 38194833 PMCID: PMC10792647 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a synthetic source (a combination of vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, and L-carnitine) and phytogenic sources (a combination of clove, green tea pomace, and Vietnamese coriander) in overcoming heat stress (HS) damage in female breeder hens on production, blood chemistry, sperm survival in the oviduct, antioxidant properties, gene expression, and quality of offspring. One hundred SUT female breeder hens were housed in individual cages and divided into 4 treatment groups: T1) basal diets in the thermoneutral (TN) zone; T2) basal diets under HS; 3) basal diets with synthetic antioxidants under HS; and T4) basal diets with phytochemical antioxidants under HS. The result revealed that HS condition had a negative effect on reducing final body weight, egg weight, and 1-day-old chick weight while increasing water intake and FCR and altered blood chemicals in breeder hens compared to TN breeder hens (P < 0.05). However, either synthetic or phytogenic antioxidants resulted in increased egg production and hatchability, while decreasing the number of late stages of embryo death during the incubation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the synthetic antioxidants also improved the uniformity of chicks and reduced late-stage embryo death compared with phytogenic antioxidants (P < 0.05). HS breeder hens fed with either of the antioxidant sources exhibited higher antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (in yolk, liver, and breast meat) and FRAP radical scavenging (in yolk and liver) and lower liver malondialdehyde than HS breeder hens fed with the control diet (P < 0.05). Additionally, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the liver was upregulated, whereas the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (nuclear factor-κB) and heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) was downregulated in breeder hens that received both antioxidant sources (P < 0.05). Future investigations should focus on the potential for combinations of synthetic and phytogenic antioxidants in diets for HS breeder hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phocharapon Pasri
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sitthipong Rakngam
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nadine Gérard
- UMR de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, National Research Institute for Agronomy and Environment (INRAe), 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- UMR de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, National Research Institute for Agronomy and Environment (INRAe), 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Sutisa Khempaka
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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Hossain ME, Akter N. Further insights into the prevention of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broiler: a 65-year review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Emran Hossain
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | - Nasima Akter
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Bangladesh
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Abu-Alya IS, Alharbi YM, Abdel-Rahman HA, Zahran IS. Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica). Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110251. [PMID: 34822624 PMCID: PMC8622646 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation (of drinking water) effects of L-Carnitine (LC) and/or calf thymus extract (TE) on immunity, antioxidant, duodenal histomorphometric, growth, and economic performance of Japanese quail. Six hundred, one day old unsexed quail were divided into four groups, the control group (G1) received plain drinking water, while G2, G3, and G4 were supplemented with LC and/or TE, respectively. The treated groups recorded a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, phagocytic activity %, phagocytic index, lymphocytes %, and plasma glutathione level compared to the G1. On the other hand, these supplementations significantly lower the mortality rate %, heterophil %, H/L ratio and plasma malondialdehyde level of the supplemented groups relative to G1. The supplemented groups recorded a non-significant increase in duodenal histomorphometric parameters (villous height, villous width, surface area, and crypt depth) relative to G1. Generally, LC and/or TE improve the values of economic profile (total returns, net profit, total return/total costs %, etc.) in treated groups compared to the control one. In conclusion, L-carnitine supplementation was more effective than TE or their combination with TE in the immunological, anti-oxidative, growth, and economic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (I.S.A.-A.); (H.A.A.-R.)
| | - Yousef M. Alharbi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hassan A. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (I.S.A.-A.); (H.A.A.-R.)
| | - Ibrahim S. Zahran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 11731, Egypt;
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Kuter E, Ӧnol AG. Increased dietary methionine levels and supplemental L-carnitine do not prevent the development of white striping in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ray SM, Ashash U, Muthukumar S. A field study on the evaluation of day-of-hatch and in grow-out application of live infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101252. [PMID: 34198098 PMCID: PMC8255246 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, economically important disease of young chickens caused by Avibirnavirus, the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The causative virus is highly resilient in poultry environments and vaccination is the most effective measure for IBDV control. However, the susceptibility of highly attenuated IBDV vaccine strains to neutralization by maternally derived antibodies (MDA) and overwhelming virulence of partly attenuated strains have limited the application of conventional live IBDV vaccines in pre- and posthatch chicks. Nevertheless, preliminary data have raised questions about the validity of this prevailing dogma. India is an IBD endemic country and the disease causes sizeable economic losses in the sector. To evaluate the feasibility of application of live IBDV vaccine strain, the IBDV MB-1, to the maternally immunized day-of-hatch chicks in Indian production environment, 4 large-scale field trials have been conducted. The 4 trials have measured the relative safety, IBDV immunization parameters, and production performances of MB-1 vs. the established live and immune complex IBDV vaccines in a variety of commercial broiler systems. The overall health and production performances in all 4 trials have been better in the MB-1 groups. The results challenge the prevailing notion that live IBDV strains may be neutralized or break through maternal immunity and induce permanent damage to the young broiler chick's immune response. A delayed replication phenomenon following parenteral administration of the live IBDV vaccine strain has been observed, while the delayed replication mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study warrants further research on the molecular mechanism of live IBDV vaccine strain, MB-1, and its interaction with the chicken immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susim Mukul Ray
- Zydus Animal Health, A div. of Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Udi Ashash
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - S Muthukumar
- Zydus Animal Health, A div. of Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Ahmedabad, India
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Ringseis R, Keller J, Eder K. Basic mechanisms of the regulation of L-carnitine status in monogastrics and efficacy of L-carnitine as a feed additive in pigs and poultry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1686-1719. [PMID: 29992642 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A great number of studies have investigated the potential of L-carnitine as feed additive to improve performance of different monogastric and ruminant livestock species, with, however, discrepant outcomes. In order to understand the reasons for these discrepant outcomes, it is important to consider the determinants of L-carnitine status and how L-carnitine status is regulated in the animal's body. While it is a long-known fact that L-carnitine is endogenously biosynthesized in certain tissues, it was only recently recognized that critical determinants of L-carnitine status, such as intestinal L-carnitine absorption, tissue L-carnitine uptake, endogenous L-carnitine synthesis and renal L-carnitine reabsorption, are regulated by specific nutrient sensing nuclear receptors. This review aims to give a more in-depth understanding of the basic mechanisms of the regulation of L-carnitine status in monogastrics taking into account the most recent evidence on nutrient sensing nuclear receptors and evaluates the efficacy of L-carnitine as feed additive in monogastric livestock by providing an up-to-date overview about studies with L-carnitine supplementation in pigs and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Janine Keller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
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Akbarian A, Michiels J, Degroote J, Majdeddin M, Golian A, De Smet S. Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:37. [PMID: 27354915 PMCID: PMC4924307 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat as a stressor of poultry has been studied extensively for many decades; it affects poultry production on a worldwide basis and has significant impact on well-being and production. More recently, the involvement of heat stress in inducing oxidative stress has received much interest. Oxidative stress is defined as the presence of reactive species in excess of the available antioxidant capacity of animal cells. Reactive species can modify several biologically cellular macromolecules and can interfere with cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, during the last decade, there has been an ever-increasing interest in the use of a wide array of natural feed-delivered phytochemicals that have potential antioxidant properties for poultry. In light of this, the current review aims to (1) summarize the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers excessive superoxide radical production in the mitochondrion and progresses into oxidative stress, (2) illustrate that this pathophysiology is dependent on the intensity and duration of heat stress, (3) present different nutritional strategies for mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction, with particular focus on antioxidant phytochemicals. Oxidative stress that occurs with heat exposure can be manifest in all parts of the body; however, mitochondrial dysfunction underlies oxidative stress. In the initial phase of acute heat stress, mitochondrial substrate oxidation and electron transport chain activity are increased resulting in excessive superoxide production. During the later stage of acute heat stress, down-regulation of avian uncoupling protein worsens the oxidative stress situation causing mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue damage. Typically, antioxidant enzyme activities are upregulated. Chronic heat stress, however, leads to downsizing of mitochondrial metabolic oxidative capacity, up-regulation of avian uncoupling protein, a clear alteration in the pattern of antioxidant enzyme activities, and depletion of antioxidant reserves. Some phytochemicals, such as various types of flavonoids and related compounds, were shown to be beneficial in chronic heat-stressed poultry, but were less or not effective in non-heat-stressed counterparts. This supports the contention that antioxidant phytochemicals have potential under challenging conditions. Though substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the association between heat stress and oxidative stress, the means by which phytochemicals can alleviate oxidative stress have been sparsely explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Akbarian
- />Department of Animal Production, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, Melle, 9090 Belgium
- />Centre of Excellence in the Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 91775–1163, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Joris Michiels
- />Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- />Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| | - Maryam Majdeddin
- />Department of Animal Production, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, Melle, 9090 Belgium
- />Centre of Excellence in the Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 91775–1163, Mashhad, Iran
- />Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| | - Abolghasem Golian
- />Centre of Excellence in the Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 91775–1163, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- />Department of Animal Production, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, Melle, 9090 Belgium
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Shi S, Shen Y, Zhao Z, Hou Z, Yang Y, Zhou H, Zou J, Guo Y. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens induced by low temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:2984-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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