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Ochoteco-Asensio J, Zigovski G, Batista Costa L, Rio-López R, Clavell-Sansalvador A, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Dalmau A. Effect on Feeding Behaviour and Growing of Being a Dominant or Subordinate Growing Pig and Its Relationship with the Faecal Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1906. [PMID: 38998018 PMCID: PMC11240813 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs are a social species, and they establish hierarchies for better use of resources and to reduce conflicts. However, in pig production, the opportunities for growth can differ between dominant and subordinate animals. In the present study, a system was tested to perform a dominant versus subordinate test in growing pigs to investigate how the hierarchy affects feeding behaviour, growth, and gut microbiota assessed in faeces. Sixty-four animals housed in eight different pens were used, with four castrated males and four females in each one, weighing 18 kg at arrival and maintained during the whole growing period, until 140 kg. Three stool samples were obtained from the animals directly from the anus to avoid contamination of the faeces 58, 100, and 133 days after the start of the study to investigate the microbiota composition. The dominant animals had higher gains during the growing period than the subordinates. In addition, they were performing more visits to the feeder throughout the day. Differential abundance patterns were observed in five bacterial genera, with Oliverpabstia, Peptococcus, and Faecalbacterium being more abundant in dominant animals and Holdemanella and Acetitomaculum being overrepresented in subordinate ones. This microbial biomarker accurately classified dominant versus subordinate groups of samples with an AUC of 0.92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ochoteco-Asensio
- Animal Welfare Program and Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood and Technology (IRTA), Veïnat de Sies s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain; (J.O.-A.); (R.R.-L.); (A.C.-S.); (Y.R.-C.)
| | - Gustavo Zigovski
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná-PUCPR, Curitibia 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (G.Z.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Leandro Batista Costa
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná-PUCPR, Curitibia 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (G.Z.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Raquel Rio-López
- Animal Welfare Program and Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood and Technology (IRTA), Veïnat de Sies s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain; (J.O.-A.); (R.R.-L.); (A.C.-S.); (Y.R.-C.)
| | - Adrià Clavell-Sansalvador
- Animal Welfare Program and Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood and Technology (IRTA), Veïnat de Sies s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain; (J.O.-A.); (R.R.-L.); (A.C.-S.); (Y.R.-C.)
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Welfare Program and Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood and Technology (IRTA), Veïnat de Sies s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain; (J.O.-A.); (R.R.-L.); (A.C.-S.); (Y.R.-C.)
| | - Antoni Dalmau
- Animal Welfare Program and Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood and Technology (IRTA), Veïnat de Sies s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain; (J.O.-A.); (R.R.-L.); (A.C.-S.); (Y.R.-C.)
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Zeng F, Zhang S. Impacts of sow behaviour on reproductive performance: current understanding. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2185624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanwen Zeng
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Cho HA, Song MH, Lee JH, Oh HJ, Kim YJ, An JW, Chang SY, Go YB, Song DC, Cho SY, Kim DJ, Kim MS, Park HR, Kim HB, Cho JH. Effects of different stocking density and various phytogenic feed additives dosage levels on growing-finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:535-549. [PMID: 37332281 PMCID: PMC10271929 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of different phytogenic feed additives (PFA) dosage levels in growing- finishing pigs stressed by high stocking density. A total of 72 mix sexed 12 weeks growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with initial body weight (BW) of 49.28 ± 4.58 kg were used for 8 weeks. There were 3 replicate pens in each treatment group, with 3 pigs per pen. The dietary treatment groups consisted of basal diets in animal welfare density (negative control [NC]), basal diet in high stocking density (positive control [PC]), PC + 0.04% essential oil (ES1), PC + 0.08% essential oil (ES2), PC + 0.10% bitter citrus extract & essential oil (CES1), PC + 0.20% bitter citrus extract & essential oil (CES2), PC + 0.05% grape pomace extract (GP1), PC + 0.10% grape pomace extract (GP2). The reduction of space allowance decreased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy. Also, the fecal score of PC groups increased (p < 0.05) compared with other groups. Basic behaviors (feed intake, standing, lying) were inactive (p < 0.05) and singularity behavior (biting) was increased (p < 0.10) under high stocking density. There was no difference in blood profile. However, the supplementation of PFA alleviated the negative effects such as reduced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and some increasing stress indicators in th blood (cortisol) and animal behavior (biting). In conclusion, the negative effect of high stocking density was most effectively mitigated by the normal dosage of the mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil additive (CES1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Min Ho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yong Ju Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jae Woo An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Se Yeon Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Young Bin Go
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Song
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Hae Ryoung Park
- Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion Agency, Iksan 54667, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Upadhaya SD, Park HJ, Kim IH. Effects of group size and homeopathic product supplement consisting of botanicals and mineral mixture on the performance and production traits of finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 144 mixed sex pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an initial average body weight (BW) of 52 kg were used in a 11 wk trial in a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: group size (three pigs per pen vs. five pigs per pen) and 0% or 0.2% homeopathic product supplementation to evaluate growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and stress-related hormones. The homeopathic product supplementation resulted in increased (P < 0.05) BW at week 11, average daily gain (ADG) during days 42–63 and 64–77. In addition, an increase (P < 0.05) in ADG and average daily feed intake during overall experiment period and an increase (P < 0.05) in apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter at day 77 were observed in pigs receiving homeopathic product. A trend in increase (P = 0.088) in serum cortisol concentration during day 42 and increase (P > 0.05) during day 77 was observed in pigs with group size of five pigs per pen, and this was reduced when homeopathic product was supplemented to the diet. In conclusion, the variation in number of animals per pen had no effects on performance and production traits, but the animals in bigger group size had higher serum cortisol concentrations which were reduced by the homeopathic product supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 31116, South Korea
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Oh HJ, Song MH, Yun W, Lee JH, Lee CH, Kwak WG, Oh SY, Liu S, An JS, Kim HB, Cho JH. Evaluation of correlation between crude protein levels and different space allowances under sawdust bed feeding system on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and odour emission in growing–finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Jin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Choongnam 341-34, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Gi Kwak
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 311-16, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
With still limited information on vitamin requirements and considering that many commercial practices adopt dietary vitamin levels above the values suggested by nutritional tables, this study aimed to assess the effect of administering vitamin supplementation to sows in gestation and lactation and to their litters on the reproductive performance and body condition of the sows and on the performance and immune profile of the litters until slaughter. The trial was split into two phases. The first phase used 104 sows, assigned to be randomized to blocks according to parity, submitted until 21 days of lactation to two treatments: control-standard (standard levels of vitamins) and test-elevated (elevated levels of vitamins). Each sow and its respective farrow were considered an experimental unit. The sows underwent evaluations of body condition score, back fat thickness and reproductive performance. In the second phase, 60 barrows and 60 gilts at 21 days of age and mean initial weight of 5.33 ± 1.5 kg until slaughter at 164 days of age. The piglets were assigned to randomized blocks according to the weight and sex of the animals in a 2 × 2 factorial model, with 10 replicates per treatment, where a pen with three animals represented the experimental unit. Following the same treatments of the first phase, the piglets were evaluated for daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion, mortality rate and humoral immune response. Vitamin supplementation had no positive effects on the reproductive parameters or body composition of sows. However, it positively impacted the performance of the litters in the early nursery stage, but did not lead to superior effects on the immune responses to vaccination against circovirus or mycoplasma.
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Xu K, Liu H, Bai M, Gao J, Wu X, Yin Y. Redox Properties of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Concept of Tryptophan Use in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1595. [PMID: 28737706 PMCID: PMC5536082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, tryptophan (Trp) is required for several purposes, and Trp metabolism varies over time in the mother and fetus. Increased oxidative stress (OS) with high metabolic, energy and oxygen demands during normal pregnancy or in pregnancy-associated disorders has been reported. Taking the antioxidant properties of Trp and its metabolites into consideration, we made four hypotheses. First, the use of Trp and its metabolites is optional based on their antioxidant properties during pregnancy. Second, dynamic Trp metabolism is an accommodation mechanism in response to OS. Third, regulation of Trp metabolism could be used to control/attenuate OS according to variations in Trp metabolism during pregnancy. Fourth, OS-mediated injury could be alleviated by regulation of Trp metabolism in pregnancy-associated disorders. Future studies in normal/abnormal pregnancies and in associated disorders should include measurements of free Trp, total Trp, Trp metabolites, and activities of Trp-degrading enzymes in plasma. Abnormal pregnancies and some associated disorders may be associated with disordered Trp metabolism related to OS. Mounting evidence suggests that the investigation of the use of Trp and its metabolites in pregnancy will be meanful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Miaomiao Bai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
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Jang JC, Jin XH, Hong JS, Kim YY. Effects of different space allowances on growth performance, blood profile and pork quality in a grow-to-finish production system. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1796-1802. [PMID: 28728380 PMCID: PMC5666184 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This experiment was conducted to evaluate the optimal space allowance on growth performance, blood profile and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs. Methods A total of ninety crossbred pigs [(Yorkshire×Landrace)×Duroc, 30.25±1.13 kg] were allocated into three treatments (0.96: four pigs/pen, 0.96 m2/pig; 0.80: five pigs/pen, 0.80 m2/pig; 0.69: six pigs/pen, 0.69 m2/pig) in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were housed in balanced sex and had free access to feed in all phases for 14 weeks (growing phase I, growing phase II, finishing phase I, and finishing phase II). Results There was no statistical difference in growing phase, but a linear decrease was observed on average daily gain (ADG, p<0.01), average daily feed intake (ADFI, p<0.01), and body weight (BW, p<0.01) with decreasing space allowance in late finishing phase. On the other hand, a quadratic effect was observed on gain to feed ratio in early finishing phase (p<0.03). Consequently, overall ADG, ADFI, and final BW linearly declined in response to decreased space allowance (p<0.01). The pH of pork had no significant difference in 1 hour after slaughter, whereas there was a linear decrease in 24 h after slaughter with decreasing space allowance. Floor area allowance did not affect pork colors, but shear force linearly increased as floor space decreased (p<0.01). There was a linear increase in serum cortisol concentration on 14 week (p<0.05) with decreased space allocation. Serum IgG was linearly ameliorated as space allowance increased on 10 week (p<0.05) and 14 week (p<0.01). Conclusion Data from current study indicated that stress derived from reduced space allowance deteriorates the immune system as well as growth performance of pigs, resulting in poor pork quality. Recommended adequate space allowance in a grow-to-finish production system is more than 0.80 m2/pig for maximizing growth performance and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - X H Jin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - J S Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y Y Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Fu L, Li H, Liang T, Zhou B, Chu Q, Schinckel AP, Yang X, Zhao R, Li P, Huang R. Stocking density affects welfare indicators of growing pigs of different group sizes after regrouping. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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