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Bhatt RS, Sarkar S, Soni L, Sahoo A. Effect of supplementation of roasted oilseeds and phytochemical-rich herbages on nutrient utilization, methane emission, and growth performance in finisher lambs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80094-80105. [PMID: 37289395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ruminal methanogenesis is a major contributor to global environmental pollution in the agriculture sector. Dietary intervention modestly abates enteric methane emissions in ruminants. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of dietary oilseeds and phytochemical-rich herbages on enteric methane emission, growth performance, and nutrient utilization in lambs. Forty-eight finisher Malpura lambs were divided into 4 groups (RSZ, RSP, RSLZ, and RSLP) of 12 each in a factorial design. Lambs were fed ad libitum concentrate formulated with roasted soybean (RS) or roasted soybean plus linseed (RSL) along with Ziziphus nummularia (Z) or Prosopis cineraria (P) leaves as roughage sources. Variation in the source of roughage significantly affected feed intake, and it was higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed Prosopis cineraria leaves (RSP and RSLP). The average daily gain was improved (P < 0.05) by 28.6 and 25.0% in lambs fed Prosopis cineraria, i.e., RSP and RSLP respectively, than those fed Ziziphus nummularia leaves irrespective of concentrate diets. Overall, microbial nitrogen synthesis (MNS) was higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed roasted soybean (RS) than roasted soybean plus linseed (RSL); however, combination of Prosopis cineraria with both the concentrate diets increased MNS, than the combination of roasted oilseeds and Ziziphus nummularia. No significant interaction was observed in the concentration and proportion of volatile fatty acids by feeding combination of roasted oilseed and tree leaves; however, the proportion of acetic and propionic acid was higher (P < 0.05) in the RSL group compared to RS. Methane emission per kg dry matter intake was reduced (P < 0.05) by feeding Prosopis cineraria leaves regardless of concentrate mixture. As a result, the loss of metabolizable energy through methane emission was lowered by 0.7 and 4.6% when Prosopis cineraria leaves were combined with roasted soybean (RSP) and roasted soybean plus linseed (RSLP), respectively. From the present findings, it can be concluded that combination of Prosopis cineraria leaves either with roasted soybean or roasted soybean plus linseed reduced enteric methane emissions more effectively than Ziziphus nummularia leaves, and the energy saved was transformed into higher body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhir Singh Bhatt
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lalit Soni
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Artabandhu Sahoo
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
- ICAR- National Research Centre On Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Besharati M, Giannenas I, Palangi V, Ayasan T, Noorian F, Maggiolino A, Lorenzo JM. Chitosan/Calcium-Alginate Encapsulated Flaxseed Oil on Dairy Cattle Diet: In Vitro Fermentation and Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1400. [PMID: 35681864 PMCID: PMC9179567 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using chitosan nanoparticles and calcium alginate in the encapsulation of flaxseed oil on the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids and in vitro fermentation. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments. The experimental treatments included: diets without oil additive (control), diet containing 7% flaxseed oil, diet containing 14% flaxseed oil, diet containing 7% oil encapsulated with 500 ppm chitosan nanocapsules, diet containing 14% flaxseed oil encapsulated with 1000 ppm chitosan nanocapsules, diet containing 7% of flaxseed oil encapsulated with 500 ppm of calcium alginate nanocapsules, diet containing 14% flaxseed oil encapsulated with 1000 ppm calcium alginate nanocapsules. The results showed that encapsulation of flaxseed oil with calcium alginate (14%) had a significant effect on gas production (p < 0.05). The treatment containing calcium alginate (14%) increased the digestibility of dry matter compared to the control treatment, but the treatments containing chitosan caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the percentage of ruminal saturated fatty acids decreased by encapsulation of flaxseed oil with chitosan (14% and 7%). The percentage of oleic unsaturated fatty acid by encapsulating flaxseed oil with chitosan (14%) had a significant increase compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). As a result, encapsulating flaxseed oil with chitosan (14%) reduced the unsaturated fatty acids generated during ruminal biohydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran;
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Tugay Ayasan
- Department of Organic Farming Business Management, Kadirli Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Korkut Ata, Osmaniye 80000, Turkey;
| | - Fatemeh Noorian
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran;
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Ramos-Méndez JL, Estrada-Angulo A, Rodríguez-Gaxiola MA, Gaxiola-Camacho SM, Chaidez-Álvarez C, Manriquez-Núñez OM, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Soto-Alcalá J, Plascencia A. Grease trap waste (griddle grease) as a feed ingredient for finishing lambs: growth performance, dietary energetics, and carcass characteristics. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight (37.7 ± 3.4 kg, initial shrunk live weight) lambs were used in a 61 d experiment to evaluate the energy value of grease trap waste (GT) at four levels of supplementation (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Supplemental GT replaced cracked corn in the basal diet. The GT contained 6.4% moisture, 3.1% impurities, and 79.8% total fatty acids (FA). Increasing GT level in diets did not affect dry matter intake and daily weight gain but linearly increased gain efficiency and estimated dietary net energy (NE). However, the ratio of observed-to-expected diet NE decreased with increased levels of GT. The estimated NE values for GT based on FA intake were in close agreement (98% and 102% of predicted, respectively) with those NE values determined by replacement technique for 2% and 4% supplementation level. However, the observed NE value for GT supplemented at the 6% level was 9% lower than predicted. Kidney–pelvic–heart fat increased as level of GT supplementation increased; otherwise, carcass characteristics and shoulder composition were not affected. We conclude that GT is a suitable alternative to conventional feed fats in diets for finishing lambs. The estimated NE of GT is 93% the energy value assigned by current standards for tallow and yellow grease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Ramos-Méndez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Sinaloa, México
| | - Alfredo Estrada-Angulo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Sinaloa, México
| | | | | | - Christian Chaidez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Baja California, México
| | - Olga M. Manriquez-Núñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Baja California, México
| | - Alberto Barreras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Baja California, México
| | - Richard A. Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jorge Soto-Alcalá
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Sinaloa, México
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Sinaloa, México
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Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051133. [PMID: 34069633 PMCID: PMC8160904 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat's fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.
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McLoughlin S, Spillane C, Claffey N, Smith PE, O’Rourke T, Diskin MG, Waters SM. Rumen Microbiome Composition Is Altered in Sheep Divergent in Feed Efficiency. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1981. [PMID: 32983009 PMCID: PMC7477290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen microbiome composition and functionality is linked to animal feed efficiency, particularly for bovine ruminants. To investigate this in sheep, we compared rumen bacterial and archaeal populations (and predicted metabolic processes) of sheep divergent for the feed efficiency trait feed conversion ratio (FCR). In our study 50 Texel cross Scottish Blackface (TXSB) ram lambs were selected from an original cohort of 200 lambs. From these, 26 were further selected for experimentation based on their extreme FCR (High Feed Efficiency, HFE = 13; Low Feed Efficiency, LFE = 13). Animals were fed a 95% concentrate diet ad libitum over 36 days. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to investigate the rumen bacterial and archaeal communities in the liquid and solid rumen fractions of sheep divergent for FCR. Weighted UniFrac distances separated HFE and LFE archaea communities from the liquid rumen fraction (Permanova, P < 0.05), with greater variation observed for the LFE cohort (Permdisp, P < 0.05). LFE animals exhibited greater Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, which was significant for the liquid rumen fraction (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter olleyae (in liquid and solid fractions) and Methanobrevibacter millerae (liquid fraction) were differentially abundant, and increased in the LFE cohort (P.adj < 0.05), while Methanobrevibacter wolinii (liquid fraction) was increased in the HFE cohort (P.adj < 0.05). This suggests that methanogenic archaea may be responsible for a potential loss of energy for the LFE cohort. Bacterial community composition (Permanova, P > 0.1) and diversity (P > 0.1) was not affected by the FCR phenotype. Only the genus Prevotella 1 was differentially abundant between HFE and LFE cohorts. Although no major compositional shifts of bacterial populations were identified amongst the feed efficient cohorts (FDR > 0.05), correlation analysis identified putative drivers of feed efficiency with Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (liquid, rho = -0.53; solid, rho = -0.56) and Olsenella (solid, rho = -0.40) exhibiting significant negative association with FCR (P < 0.05). Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera showed significant positive correlations with ADG. Major cellulolytic bacteria Fibrobacter (liquid, rho = 0.43) and Ruminococcus 1 (liquid, rho = 0.41; solid, rho = 41) correlated positively with FCR (P < 0.05). Our study provides evidence that feed efficiency in sheep is likely influenced by compositional changes to the archaeal community, and abundance changes of specific bacteria, rather than major overall shifts within the rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McLoughlin
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Noel Claffey
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
| | - Paul E. Smith
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
| | - Tommy O’Rourke
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
| | - Michael G. Diskin
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M. Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Behan AA, Loh TC, Fakurazi S, Kaka U, Kaka A, Samsudin AA. Effects of Supplementation of Rumen Protected Fats on Rumen Ecology and Digestibility of Nutrients in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070400. [PMID: 31262072 PMCID: PMC6681056 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rising populations and urbanization are transforming into increased demand for livestock products, particularly in developing countries. The world will need more meat and more milk and in order to meet these demands, huge quantities of feed resources will be required. However, there is a substantial deficit of energy feeds affecting the growth and production of animals. The common method to increase energy value of ruminant diets is to provide them with fats. However, higher level of fats in the diet could prove toxic to rumen microbes and affect fibre digestibility, which ultimately results in reducing the feed intake and lowering animal production. These negative effects of fat supplementation can easily be overcome by feeding ruminants with specifically designed fats called rumen protected fats. In order to evaluate the efficacy of rumen protected fats (RPF), three different types of protected fats were examined in sheep. The results suggested that different types of protected fats have no unfavourable influences on the ruminal fermentation and productive parameters. Therefore, prilled fat, prilled fat with lecithin and calcium soaps did not improve animal performance as compared to the diet without protected fats in Dorper sheep. Abstract Rumen protected fats (RPF) are known to improve animal performance without affecting rumen metabolism in sheep. However, comparative effects of prilled fat, prilled fat with lecithin and calcium soap have not been fully studied. Hence this experiment was planned using 36 male Dorper sheep in a completely randomized design in four treatment groups. The diets included: Basal diet (70:30 concentrate to rice straw) with no added RPF as a control (CON), basal diet plus prilled fat (PF), basal diet plus prilled fat with lecithin (PFL) and basal diet plus calcium soap (CaS). The trial lasted 90 days following two weeks adaptation period. The body weights, average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were not affected by treatments. The intake and digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were not affected, while those for ether extract and crude fibre differed (p < 0.05). RPF had no effect on concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids and total bacterial population. The concentrations of rumen total saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, total n − 3, total n − 6, unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids differed (p < 0.05) among the treatments with RPF supplementation. Hence supplementation of different types of protected fats did not influence animal performance in Dorper sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atique A Behan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Bachok, 16300, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Asmatullah Kaka
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Anjas Asmara Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Candyrine SCL, Jahromi MF, Ebrahimi M, Chen WL, Rezaei S, Goh YM, Abdullah N, Liang JB. Oil supplementation improved growth and diet digestibility in goats and sheep fed fattening diet. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:533-540. [PMID: 30056661 PMCID: PMC6409461 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the growth, digestibility and rumen fermentation between goats and sheep fed a fattening diet fortified with linseed oil. METHODS Twelve 3 to 4 months old male goats and sheep were randomly allocated into two dietary treatment groups in a 2 (species)×2 (oil levels) factorial experiment. The treatments were: i) goats fed basal diet, ii) goats fed oil-supplemented diet, iii) sheep fed basal diet, and iv) sheep fed oil-supplemented diet. Each treatment group consisted of six animals. Animals in the basal diet group were fed with 30% alfalfa hay and 70% concentrates at a rate equivalent to 4% of their body weight. For the oil treatment group, linseed oil was added at 4% level (w:w) to the concentrate portion of the basal diet. Growth performance of the animals was determined fortnightly. Digestibility study was conducted during the final week of the feeding trial before the animals were slaughtered to obtain rumen fluid for rumen fermentation characteristics study. RESULTS Sheep had higher (p<0.01) average daily weight gain (ADG) and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than goats. Oil supplementation did not affect rumen fermentation in both species and improved ADG by about 29% and FCR by about 18% in both goats and sheep. The above enhancement is consistent with the higher dry matter and energy digestibility (p<0.05), as well as organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p<0.01) in animals fed oil- supplemented diet. Sheep had higher total volatile fatty acid production and acetic acid proportion compared to goat. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested that sheep performed better than goats when fed a fattening diet and oil supplementation at the inclusion rate of 4% provides a viable option to significantly enhance growth performance and FCR in fattening sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chui Len Candyrine
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.,Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan Campus, Sandakan, Sabah 90509, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, East and North-East Branch, Mashhad 844, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wei Li Chen
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Siamak Rezaei
- Center of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Norhani Abdullah
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Bhatt R, Sahoo A, Gadekar Y. Production performance of lambs on milk replacer during pre-weaning followed by post-weaning linseed and calcium soap supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nguyen DV, Le VH, Nguyen QV, Malau-Aduli BS, Nichols PD, Malau-Aduli AEO. Omega-3 Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Heart, Kidney, Liver and Plasma Metabolite Profiles of Australian Prime Lambs Supplemented with Pelleted Canola and Flaxseed Oils. Nutrients 2017; 9:E893. [PMID: 28817082 PMCID: PMC5579686 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to ascertain whether human health beneficial omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) content in heart, kidney and liver can be enhanced by supplementing prime lambs with graded levels of canola and flaxseed oil. Health status of the lambs, as a consequence of the supplementation, was also investigated by examining their plasma metabolites. Sixty purebred and first-cross lambs were allocated to one of five treatments of lucerne hay basal diet supplemented with isocaloric and isonitrogenous wheat-based pellets without oil inclusion (Control) or graded levels of canola oil at 2.5% (2.5C), 5% (5C), flaxseed oil at 2.5% (2.5F) and 5% (5F) in a completely randomised design. Pre-slaughter blood, post-slaughter kidney, liver and heart samples were analysed for plasma metabolite and fatty acid profiles. Summations of docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and total n-3 LC-PUFA were enhanced in the liver and kidney of 5F supplemented lambs with a marked decrease in n-6/n-3 ratio and significant breed differences detected. There were generally no deleterious impacts on animal health status. A combination of 5% oil supplementation and lamb genetics is an effective and strategic management tool for enhancing n-3 LC-PUFA contents of heart, kidney and liver without compromising lamb health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don V Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
- National Institute of Animal Science, Thuy Phuong, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi 129909, Vietnam.
| | - Van H Le
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
- National Institute of Animal Science, Thuy Phuong, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi 129909, Vietnam.
| | - Quang V Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
- College of Economics and Techniques, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen 252166, Vietnam.
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Peter D Nichols
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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Flakemore AR, Otto JR, Suybeng B, Balogun RO, Malau-Aduli BS, Nichols PD, Malau-Aduli AEO. Performance and carcass characteristics of Australian purebred and crossbred lambs supplemented with Rice Bran. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 57:36. [PMID: 26435844 PMCID: PMC4591621 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran, sire breed and gender on live animal performance and carcass characteristics in Australian crossbred and purebred Merino lambs. METHODS Forty-eight lambs balanced by sire breed (Dorset, White Suffolk, Merino) and gender (ewe, wether) were randomly allocated into three dietary supplementation groups (Control- 24 lambs fed wheat/barley-based pellets, Low- 12 animals fed a 50/50 ratio of wheat-based/rice bran pellets, and High- 12 lambs fed rice bran pellets). The Rice bran pellets replaced 19 % of the barley component of the feed. Animals were group-fed at the rate of 1000 g of the supplement per head per day with ad libitum access to lucerne hay as the basal diet and water. The duration of the feeding trial was 49 days with an initial 21-day adjustment period. RESULTS Sire breed differences were evident for initial (p < 0.0002) and final (p < 0.0016) liveweights, hot carcass (p < 0.0030) and cold carcass (p < 0.0031) weights, as well as dressing percentage (p < 0.0078), fat thickness (p < 0.0467), yield grade (p < 0.0470) and rib eye area (p < 0.0022) with purebred Merino under-performing compared to the crossbreds. Concentrate feed conversion efficiency, costs per unit of liveweight gain and over the hooks income were comparable between treatments regardless of the observed trend where the high supplementation group tended to show lower feed intake (745.8 g/day) compared to both the control (939.9 g/day) and low supplementation groups (909.6 g/day). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments for live animal performance, carcass characteristics, gender and their second-order interactions. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that Rice bran can be utilised as a cost-effective supplementary feed source in genetically divergent sheep over a 49-day feeding period without detrimental effects on overall live animal performance or carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ross Flakemore
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - John Roger Otto
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Bénédicte Suybeng
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia ; Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques de l'alimentation et de l'environnmente (AGROSUP), 26 Bd du Docteur Petitjean, BP 87 999, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | - Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Peter David Nichols
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Oceans and Atmosphere Flagships, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia ; Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
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Bhatt RS, Sahoo A, Karim SA, Agrawal AR. Effects of calcium soap of rice bran oil fatty acids supplementation alone and with DL-α-tocopherol acetate in lamb diets on performance, digestibility, ruminal parameters and meat quality. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015. [PMID: 26211674 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-six Malpura lambs (28 day old and 6.7 ± 0.25 kg BW) were distributed equally in three groups having six males and six female. They were ad libitum fed individually three different experimental diets containing calcium soap of fatty acids (CA-FA) at 0 (T1 ) and 40 (T2 and T3 ) g/kg concentrate up to six months of age. Animals in T3 were supplemented additionally with 40 mg DL-α-tocopherol acetate/kg of concentrate. The roughage moiety included ad libitum dry Prosopis cineraria and fresh Azadirachata indica leaves. All the lambs were allowed to suckle from their dam up to weaning (90 day of age). Supplementation of Ca-FA improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio during both pre- (28-90 days) and post-weaning (91-180 days) phases; however, no effect of DL-α-tocopherol was observed. Metabolic parameters during post-weaning phase revealed non-significant effect on digestibility but improved nitrogen balance in the test groups. The effect on biochemical attributes did not show any significant alteration in ruminal parameters, blood biochemicals and urinary purine derivatives. Carcass traits revealed higher (p < 0.05) dressing yield and loin eye area with Ca-FA supplementation. The value of thiobarbituric reactive substances for nuggets prepared from frozen carcasses revealed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in T3 compared to the other dietary groups. Fatty acid profile of adipose tissue revealed higher (p < 0.001) 9-octadecanoic, 9-12-octadecadienoic, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), higher ratio of PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA), ω-6/ω-3 and lower SFA in Ca-FA-supplemented groups. It is concluded that supplementation of 40 g/kg calcium soap prepared from industrial grade rice bran oil in lamb ration provided additional energy intake, improved N utilization, gain and feed conversion ratio besides improving dressing yield and meat quality with CLA enriched fatty acid profile. DL-α-tocopherol acetate when supplemented at 40 mg/kg feed reduced lipid oxidation of meat products thus improving its keeping quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Bhatt
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Insitute Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - A Sahoo
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Insitute Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - S A Karim
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Insitute Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - A R Agrawal
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Insitute Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
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