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He S, Zhang R, Wang R, Wu D, Dai S, Wang Z, Chen T, Mao H, Li Q. Responses of nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and microorganisms to different roughage of dairy buffaloes. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:188. [PMID: 38811906 PMCID: PMC11134657 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy buffaloes are typically fed a high-forage, low-quality diet with high fiber. These conditions result in an inherent energy and protein inefficiency. In order to make full and rational use of feed resources and improve the production level and breeding efficiency of dairy buffaloes, the effects of various roughages on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, and microorganisms in dairy buffaloes were studied in this experiment. Three ternary hybrid buffaloes, with an average body weight of 365 ± 22.1 kg, were selected and fitted with permanent rumen fistulas. They were fed six different diets, each consisting of 1 kg concentrate supplement and one of six types of roughage, including alfalfa hay (A diet), oat hay (O diet), whole corn silage (W diet), king grass (K diet), sugarcane shoot silage (S diet), and rice straw hay (R diet) according to an incomplete Latin square design of 3 × 6, respectively. The pre-feeding period of each period was 12 d. From day 13 to 15 was the official experimental period. During the prefeeding period, free feed intake for each roughage was determined, and during the experiment, the roughage was fed at 90% of the voluntary feed intake. Digestion and metabolism tests were carried out using the total manure collection method to determine the feed intake and fecal output of each buffalo, and to collect feed and fecal samples for chemical analysis. On day 15, rumen fluid samples were collected two hours after morning feeding to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results showed that DM and OM digestibility were greatest for the W diet and lowest for the S diet. The rumen pH of the O diet was significantly greater than that of the W diet. The concentration of rumen fluid NH3-N (mg/dL) increased with increased CP content. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids (mmol/L) in the rumen decreased with increased NDF content but increased with increased NFC content. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Spirochaetes were 57.03-74.84%, 14.29-21.86%, and 0.44-1.43% in the different quality roughage groups. Bacteroidetes were mainly Prevotellaceae1 and Rikenellaceae RC_gut_group with relative abundances of 30.17-45.75% and 3.23-7.82%. The relative abundance of Patescibacteria and Spirochaetes decreased with increasing roughage quality. These results provide a theoretical and practical basis for evaluating the nutritional value of dairy buffalo feed, utilizing feed resources, matching rations, feeding scientifically, and protecting animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Rongjiao Wang
- Institute of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Panzhihua, 617000, China
| | - Dongwang Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Sifan Dai
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zibei Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Animal Husbandry station in Mangshi, Dehong Prefecture, Mangshi, Yunnan, 678400, China
| | - Huaming Mao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qing Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Post-Ruminal Digestibility of Sorghum-Soybean Forage as Affected by Ensiling Length, Storage Temperature, and Its Interactions with Crude Protein Levels. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233400. [PMID: 36496920 PMCID: PMC9737225 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of ensiling length, storage temperature, and its interaction with crude protein (CP) levels in sorghum−soybean forage mixtures on in vitro rumen fermentation and post-ruminal digestibility of nutrients. The dietary treatments consisted of fresh forages (d 0) and silages of sorghum and soybean stored indoors or outdoors for 75 and 180 d with additional ingredients to make two dietary CP levels, 90 and 130 g/kg dry matter (DM) and a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 80 to 20. An in vitro procedure was conducted using the ANKOM RF technique to study rumen fermentation. The dietary treatments were incubated in duplicate for 8 and 24 h in three runs. After each incubation time, in vitro rumen fermentation parameters were measured, and the protozoa population was counted using a microscope. Post-ruminal digestibility was determined using the pepsin and pancreatic solubility procedure. Cumulative gas production (GP) increased quadratically with ensiling length (8 h, p < 0.01; 24 h, p = 0.02), and the GP differed between CP levels at both incubation times (p < 0.01). However, total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in rumen inoculum increased quadratically with ensiling length (p < 0.01; for both incubation times), and interaction between ensiling length and CP levels was observed in proportions of acetate and propionate after 24 h of incubation (p < 0.01; for both incubation times). Similarly, an interaction between ensiling length and CP levels was found in the proportion of valerate after 24 h of incubation (p < 0.01). There was a quadratic response to ensiling length in the NH4−N concentration after 8 h (p < 0.01) and 24 h (p < 0.05), and the CP level also differed (p < 0.01) at both incubation times. The ciliate protozoa count after 24 h was higher in low CP diets than in high CP diets (p = 0.04). The amount of CP in the undegraded substrate at both incubation times differed between CP levels (p < 0.01; for both incubation times). An interaction effect between ensiling length and storage temperature after 8 h (p = 0.02) and 24 h (p < 0.01) was observed for intestinal CP digestibility. The effect of CP levels on intestinal CP digestibility differed after 8 h (p < 0.01) and 24 h (p < 0.01). In conclusion, increasing ensiling length beyond 75 d reduced CP digestibility, and additional CP inclusion did not ameliorate this.
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Rincón-Betancurt O, Aceituno-Medina M, Verónica García-Fajardo L, Hernández E. Effect of larval nutrition on the hemolymph protein composition during metamorphosis of Anastrepha obliqua. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:593-603. [PMID: 35199634 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on how nutrition affects the bioavailability and investment of protein during the metamorphosis of tephritids. Our study allowed us to observe how the type and particle size of the bulking agent affected the protein composition in the hemolymph of the larva and adult of Anastrepha obliqua. Results indicated that, true protein bioavailability and protein profile was greatly modified by the bulking agent and its particle size. The physical structure of the food matrix affected the content of crude fiber (F), crude protein (P), F/P ratio, non-protein nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, and α-amylase and trypsin inhibitors. Results from SDS-PAGE revealed 45 fractions with well-defined bands ranging from ~28 to ~401 kDa in larvae and adults, we found the main differences between the samples from different food matrices within the 75-100 kDa range. Hemolymph of adults from the coarse coconut fiber food matrix treatment showed a single band with a molecular weight close to 250 kDa, probably associated with a storage protein such as lipophorins. The food matrix with a coarse bulking agent had a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen, suggesting high microbial activity. In conclusion, the particle size of the bulking agent of the food matrix changes the bioavailability of protein in hemolymph in the adult regardless of the total concentration of protein. Also, when the particle size of the bulking agent favored the F/P ratio, higher larval density resulted in higher individual larval weight, larval yield, and adult emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Rincón-Betancurt
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000. Tapachula, Chiapas, 30798, México
- Programa Moscamed SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, 30860, México
| | - Marysol Aceituno-Medina
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000. Tapachula, Chiapas, 30798, México
- Programa Moscamed SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, 30860, México
| | | | - Emilio Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000. Tapachula, Chiapas, 30798, México
- Programa Moscamed SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, 30860, México
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LAKHANI NEETI, TYAGI NITIN. Comparative evaluation of in vitro techniques for predicting metabolizable energy content of total mixed ration for Murrah buffaloes. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i3.114147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to ascertain the sensitivity of in vitro techniques namely, in vitro gas production (IVGPT) and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) fraction for predicting the metabolizable energy (ME) content of total mixed ration for Murrah buffaloes. The total mixed ration forming dietary treatment were TMR1, TMR2 and TMR3 having mixture of maize silage and concentrate in ratio of 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50, respectively. The diets formulated were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The in vitro gas production was studied by incubation of diet with rumen liquor as inoculum to predict the metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeds. The CNCPS fraction analysing ME content of feed samples was carried out in laboratory. Lactating Murrah buffaloes (n = 18) having similar lactation yield (MY 9 kg±2.5) were allotted to three groups in a completely randomised design and fed TMR as per the dietary treatments. The feeding trial was carried out for 3 months and nutrient utilization was analysed. The efficiency of ME utilization in vivo were compared to in vitro gas production and CNCPS fraction. Correlation coefficient (r) between in vitro techniques and in vivo trial in evaluating ME content demonstrated a significantly (P<0.01) high correlation of 0.734 with IVGPT and 0.752 with CNCPS fraction indicating that both in vitro techniques were reliable in predicting metabolizable energy content of feedstuffs for ruminant feeding.
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The Impact of Feed Supplementations on Asian Buffaloes: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072033. [PMID: 34359160 PMCID: PMC8300117 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Apart from feeding with forages, dietary supplementation with concentrate and rumen bypass fat is one of the feeding strategies to enhance nutrient availability and improve buffalo performance and productivity. This review paper thoroughly discussed the utilization of concentrate and bypass fat as dietary supplementation in buffalo feeding, and discussed the effects on performance, fermentation characteristics and general health of buffaloes to give better insight about the potential and challenges of dietary supplementation in buffalo diet. Based on the literature studies, it can be summarized that supplementation of concentrate and bypass fat in buffaloes may overcome the nutritional problems and improve the growth performance, health status, rumen environment and carcass traits. Abstract With the increase in the global buffalo herd, the use of supplementation in the ruminant feeding has become an important area for many researchers who are looking for an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet to improve production parameters. In order to improve the performance of the Asian water buffalo, the optimal balance of all nutrients, including energy and protein, are important as macronutrients. Dietary supplementation is one of the alternatives to enhance the essential nutrient content in the buffalo diet and to improve the rumen metabolism of the animal. Researchers have found that supplementation of concentrate and rumen bypass fat could change growth performance and carcass traits without causing any adverse effects on the buffalo growth. Some studies showed that dry matter intake, body condition score and some blood parameters and hormones related to growth responded positively to concentrate and rumen bypass fat supplementation. In addition, changes of feeding management by adding the supplement to the ruminant basal diet helped to increase the profit of the local farmers due to the increased performance and productivity of the animals. Nevertheless, the effects of dietary supplementation on the performance of ruminants are inconsistent. Thus, its long-term effects on the health and productivity of buffaloes still need to be further investigated.
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Castro M, Cardoso M, Detmann E, Fonseca M, Sampaio C, Marcondes M. In vitro ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production of tropical forage added nitrogen or nitrogen plus starch. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pintadis S, Boonsaen P, Hattakum C, Homwong N, Sawanon S. Effects of concentrate levels and pineapple stem on growth performance, carcass and meat quality of dairy steers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1911-1917. [PMID: 31956924 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine a suitable level of concentrate using pineapple stem by-product as a roughage source for the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Holstein steer. Forty Holstein steers with an average initial body weight of 404.2 ± 38.2 kg (18 months of age) were used in a completely randomised design. The treatments consisted of four levels of restricted concentrate (4, 5, 6 and 7 kg/head/day as fed basis), and the animals were fed ad libitum pineapple stem by-product as a roughage source. The data were analysed by using orthogonal polynomial contrasts of trend response, represented by the linear and quadratic effects of the concentrate levels. Total dry matter intake (DMI) increased with increasing concentrate levels and was the highest in the dairy steer fed 6 kg/head/day (P < 0.05). Pineapple stem by-product intake was decreased by 5.51, 4.70, 4.04 and 2.59 kg DM/day with increasing concentrate levels, and the linear effect was significant (P < 0.01). Ruminal pH decreased with increasing concentrate levels (6.54, 6.46, 6.12 and 6.00), and the linear effect was significant (P < 0.01). The overall carcass characteristics were not affected by the treatments. The steers fed 4 kg/head/day of the concentrate presented the lowest feed cost per gain. These results indicated that pineapple stem by-product is suitable for use as a roughage source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawat Pintadis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Sean, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Phoompong Boonsaen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Sean, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Chonnapat Hattakum
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Industrial Technology, Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University, Nakhon Sawan, 60000, Thailand
| | - Nitipong Homwong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Sean, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Suriya Sawanon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Sean, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
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Kand D, Bagus Raharjo I, Castro-Montoya J, Dickhoefer U. The effects of rumen nitrogen balance on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis vary with dietary carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Malik P, Kolte A, Baruah L, Saravanan M, Bakshi B, Bhatta R. Enteric methane mitigation in sheep through leaves of selected tanniniferous tropical tree species. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Malekjahani F, Mesgaran MD, Vakili A, Sadeghi M, Yu P. A novel approach to determine synchronization index of lactating dairy cow diets with minimal sensitivity to random variations. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Amaral PDM, Mariz LDS, Benedeti PDB, da Silva LG, de Paula EM, Monteiro HF, Shenkoru T, Santos SA, Poulson SR, Faciola AP. Effects of Static or Oscillating Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fermentation Dynamics of Beef Cattle Diets Using a Dual-Flow Continuous Culture System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169170. [PMID: 28036405 PMCID: PMC5201265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary crude protein (CP) levels and also comparing the effects of static versus oscillating dietary CP on ruminal nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and microbial efficiency in beef cattle diets using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Eight fermenters (1,223 ± 21 mL) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with periods lasting 12 d each (8 d for adaptation and 4 d for sampling). Dietary treatments were: 1) 10% CP, 2) 12% CP, 3) 14% CP, and 4) 10 and 14% CP diets oscillating at 48-h intervals. Experimental diets consisted of 50% orchard hay and 50% concentrate. Fermenters were fed 72 g/d and solid and liquid dilution rates were adjusted to 5.5 and 11%/h, respectively. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with α = 0.05. Apparent and true ruminal digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter were not affected (P > 0.05) by increasing dietary CP, nor by oscillating dietary CP. Total volatile fatty acids concentration and molar proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, iso-butyrate and iso-valerate were not affected (P > 0.05) by increasing or oscillating dietary CP. Ruminal NH3-N concentration increased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to increasing dietary CP. Total N, non-ammonia N, and rumen undegraded protein flows did not differ among treatments or between oscillating dietary CP and static 12% CP. Microbial N and NH3-N flows and microbial efficiency did not differ when comparing oscillating versus static CP (P > 0.05). However, there was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) for these variables when dietary CP was increased. These results indicate that either ruminal microorganisms do not respond to oscillating CP levels or are capable of coping with 48-h periods of undernourishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma de Melo Amaral
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lays Débora Silva Mariz
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorrayny Galoro da Silva
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Marostegan de Paula
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Hugo Fernando Monteiro
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Maringá State University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Teshome Shenkoru
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | | | - Simon Roger Poulson
- Department of Geological Sciences & Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Antonio Pinheiro Faciola
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Biswas AA, Lee SS, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Bae GS, Lee K, Sung HG, Lee SS. Use of Lysozyme as a Feed Additive on In vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Emission. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1601-1607. [PMID: 27703130 PMCID: PMC5088380 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of lysozyme addition on in vitro rumen fermentation and to identify the lysozyme inclusion rate for abating methane (CH4) production. An in vitro ruminal fermentation technique was done using a commercial concentrate to rice straw ratio of 8:2 as substrate. The following treatments were applied wherein lysozyme was added into 1 mg dry matter substrate at different levels of inclusion: Without lysozyme, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 U lysozyme. Results revealed that, lysozyme addition had a significant effect on pH after 24 h of incubation, with the highest pH (p<0.01) observed in 8,000 U lysozyme, followed by the 4,000 U, 2,000 U, and without lysozyme. The highest amounts of acetic acid, propionic acid (p<0.01) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) (p<0.05) were found in 8,000 U after 24 h of incubation. The CH4 concentration was the lowest in the 8,000 U and the highest in the without lysozyme addition after 24 h of incubation. There was no significant differences in general bacteria, methanogen, or protozoan DNA copy number. So far, addition of lysozyme increased the acetate, propionate, TVFA, and decreased CH4 concentration. These results suggest that lysozyme supplementation may improve in vitro rumen fermentation and reduce CH4 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Biswas
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Gui-Seck Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Korea
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ha-Guyn Sung
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
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Kamphayae S, Kumagai H, Angthong W, Narmseelee R, Bureenok S. Effects of different ratios and storage periods of liquid brewer's yeast mixed with cassava pulp on chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:470-478. [PMID: 27383807 PMCID: PMC5394832 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation of various ratios and storage periods of liquid brewer's yeast (LBY) mixed with cassava pulp (CVP). METHODS Four mixtures of fresh LBY and CVP were made (LBY0, LBY10, LBY20, and LBY30 for LBY:CVP at 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, and 30:70, respectively) on a fresh matter basis, in 500 g in plastic bags and stored at 30 to 32°C. After storage, the bags were opened weekly from weeks 0 to 4. Fermentation quality and in vitro gas production (IVGP) were determined, as well as the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents. RESULTS The contents of CP and EE increased, whereas all other components decreased, in proportion to LBY inclusion (p<0.01). The DM and OM contents gradually decreased in weeks 3 and 4 (p<0.05), while EE contents were lowest in week 0. The pH, ammonia nitrogen per total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) and V-score in each mixture and storage period demonstrated superior fermentation quality (pH≤4.2, NH3-N/TN≤12.5%, and V-score>90%). The pH increased and NH3-N/TN decreased, with proportionate increases of LBY, whereas the pH decreased and NH3-N/TN increased, as the storage periods were extended (p<0.01). Although IVGP decreased in proportion to the amount of LBY inclusion (p<0.01), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was unaffected by the mixture ratios. The highest IVGP and IVOMD were observed in week 0 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The inclusion of LBY (as high as 30%) into CVP improves the chemical composition of the mixture, thereby increasing the CP content, while decreasing IVGP, without decreasing fermentation quality and IVOMD. In addition, a preservation period of up to four weeks can guarantee superior fermentation quality in all types of mixtures. Therefore, we recommend limiting the use of CVP as a feed ingredient, given its low nutritional value and improving feed quality with the inclusion of LBY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Kamphayae
- Khon Kaen Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen 40260, Thailand
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wanna Angthong
- Khon Kaen Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen 40260, Thailand
| | - Ramphrai Narmseelee
- Khon Kaen Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen 40260, Thailand
| | - Smerjai Bureenok
- Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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