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Ho CL, Lin CS, Li LH, Hua KF, Ju TC. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator expression in macrophages using wood vinegar from griffith's ash. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:232-243. [PMID: 34708715 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_54_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for host defense as they control foreign pathogens and induce acquired immune responses. Activated macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory reactive substances causing local cell and tissue inflammatory response, which helps an organism resist the invasion of foreign pathogens. Excessive or chronic inflammation can cause several diseases. Previous studies have reported that vinegar treatment decreases the levels of several inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers, including mitogen-activated protein kinases, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO). However, the benefits of wood vinegar produced from Griffith's ash (Fraxinus formosana Hayata) in reducing inflammation have not been investigated yet. Thus, assuming that wood vinegar exerts anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages, in this study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory effects of the wood vinegar from Griffith's ash using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response model in RAW264.7 macrophages. We showed that the wood vinegar inhibited the production of iNOS, NO, and interleukin 6. In addition, we found that the wood vinegar reduced the phosphorylation levels of p38 and protein kinase C-α/δ in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Based on these results, we suggest that the produced wood vinegar can reduce inflammation in LPS-activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lung Ho
- Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shun Lin
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital; Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chuen Ju
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Song J, Zhang J, Su Y, Zhang X, Li J, Tu L, Yu J, Zheng Y, Wang M. Monascus vinegar-mediated alternation of gut microbiota and its correlation with lipid metabolism and inflammation in hyperlipidemic rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Phenolic Profile of Nipa Palm Vinegar and Evaluation of Its Antilipidemic Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6769726. [PMID: 32952589 PMCID: PMC7487108 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6769726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are strongly associated with dyslipidemia which can promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, natural products have been suggested as alternative compounds for antioxidant and antilipidemic activity. The objective of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds and assess the inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, and cholesterol micellization of nipa palm vinegar (NPV). Total phenolic content was assessed and phenolic compounds were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities of the NPV were measured using enzymatic colorimetric assays. The formation of cholesterol micelles was assessed using a cholesterol assay kit. The phenolic content of NPV was 167.10 ± 10.15 µg GAE/mL, and LC-MS analyses indicated the presence of gallic acid, isoquercetin, quercetin, catechin, and rutin as bioactive compounds. Additionally, the NPV inhibited pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the NPV also suppressed the formation of cholesterol micellization. These results suggest that phenolic compounds, especially gallic acid, isoquercetin, quercetin, catechin, and rutin, from NPV may be the main active compounds with possible cholesterol-lowering effects through inhibition of pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase activities as well as the inhibition of solubility of cholesterol micelles. Therefore, NPV may delay postprandial dyslipidemia, and it could be used as a natural source of bioactive compounds with antilipidemic activity. However, NPV should be extensively evaluated by animal and clinical human studies.
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Choi JH, Park SE, Yeo SH, Kim S. Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxicity Effects of Cudrania tricuspidata Fruits Vinegar in a Co-Culture System with RAW264.7 Macrophages and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091232. [PMID: 32899648 PMCID: PMC7554877 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinegar has been found to have in vitro improvement effect on inflammatory biomarkers, and clinically used to improve inflammation and obesity-related diseases. This study was designed to analyze in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Cudrania tricuspidata fruits vinegar (CTFV) in a co-culture system with macrophages and adipocytes. We analyzed the physicochemical properties and polyphenolic ingredients of CTFV, and investigated in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of CTFV in a co-culture system with macrophages and adipocytes. The cells were cultured in the presence of CTFV for 24 h in contact with each other, then, harvested. The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated by using the Griess reagent, western blot, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays. We found that increasing levels for NO, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 were caused by LPS treatment and co-culture using the contact method, whereas CTFV efficaciously attenuated inflammatory response by improving inflammatory parameters including NO, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1. The present study indicates that CTFV might provide a nutraceutical product or functional food resource for improving inflammation processed via the interaction of adipocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.-E.P.)
| | - Se-Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.-E.P.)
| | - Soo-Hwan Yeo
- Department of Agro-food Resource, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-853, Korea;
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.-E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-670-2718; Fax: +82-62-670-2761
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Cheng LJ, Jiang Y, Wu VX, Wang W. A systematic review and meta-analysis: Vinegar consumption on glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Adv Nurs 2019; 76:459-474. [PMID: 31667860 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the effectiveness of vinegar consumption in improving glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEW SOURCES The CINAHL, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched in April 2019. Interventional studies published in the English language, from inception to 15 April 2019, were included. REVIEW METHODS Two investigators independently assessed the quality of the studies, discussed their findings to reach consensus and complied with the standards of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager 5.3.5 to assess the effect size. A series of subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the causes of heterogeneity. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS A total of six relevant studies, including 317 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, were selected from 356 studies identified through electronic searches and reference lists. The meta-analysis showed significantly better fasting blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. In secondary analyses, there was a remarkable reduction in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein postintervention. CONCLUSION Vinegar content varied across the studies, and the sample sizes in the included studies were relatively small. Therefore, caution should be exercised when trying to extrapolate the results to a larger population. IMPACT Existing reviews are limited to narrative synthesis, lacking critical appraisal, heterogenous outcomes, nor any report of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. This meta-analysis review extends the evidence on the beneficial effects of vinegar on glycaemic control as measured by HbA1c and fasting blood glucose. Clinicians could incorporate vinegar consumption as part of their dietary advice for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jie Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivien Xi Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Bounihi A, Bitam A, Bouazza A, Yargui L, Koceir EA. Fruit vinegars attenuate cardiac injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-adiposity actions in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:43-52. [PMID: 27595296 PMCID: PMC7011948 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1226369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fruit vinegars (FVs) are used in Mediterranean folk medicine for their hypolipidemic and weight-reducing properties. OBJECTIVE To investigate the preventive effects of three types of FV, commonly available in Algeria, namely prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill (Cectaceae)], pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)], and apple [Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae)], against obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two male Wistar rats were equally divided into 12 groups. The first group served as normal control (distilled water, 7 mL/kg bw), and the remaining groups were respectively treated with distilled water (7 mL/kg bw), acetic acid (0.5% w/v, 7 mL/kg bw) and vinegars of pomegranate, apple or prickly pear (at doses of 3.5, 7 and 14 mL/kg bw, acetic acid content as mentioned above) along with a high-fat diet (HFD). The effects of the oral administration of FV for 18 weeks on the body and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) weights, plasma inflammatory and cardiac enzymes biomarkers, and in heart tissue were evaluated. RESULTS Vinegars treatments significantly (p < .05) attenuated the HFD-induced increase in bw (0.2-0.5-fold) and VAT mass (0.7-1.8-fold), as well as increase in plasma levels of CRP (0.1-0.3-fold), fibrinogen (0.2-0.3-fold), leptin (1.7-3.7-fold), TNF-α (0.1-0.6-fold), AST (0.9-1.4-fold), CK-MB (0.3-1.4-fold) and LDH (2.7-6.7-fold). Moreover, vinegar treatments preserved myocardial architecture and attenuated cardiac fibrosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that pomegranate, apple and prickly pear vinegars may prevent HFD-induced obesity and obesity-related cardiac complications, and that this prevention may result from the potent anti-inflammatory and anti-adiposity properties of these vinegars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdenour Bounihi
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Arezki Bitam
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Asma Bouazza
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lyece Yargui
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Central Biochemistry Laboratory, Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Elhadj Ahmed Koceir
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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Abstract
Extensive research has related the consumption of persimmon with the reduced risk of various diseases and particularly highlighted the presence of bioactive phenolic compounds for their therapeutic properties. Major phenolic compounds present in persimmon are ferulic acid,p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid.β-Cryptoxanthin, lycopene,β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and lutein are important carotenoids having antioxidant potential. They are important to prevent oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, safeguard beta cells of the pancreas, and reduce cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and damage caused by chronic alcohol consumption. In this paper, the chemistry and health benefits of bioactive compounds present in persimmon are reviewed to encourage impending applications and to facilitate further research activities.
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