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Yang LC, Lee YT, Kumaran A, Huang SQ, Su CH, Wu DR, Yen TH, Chiu CH. Target and non-target analysis with molecular network strategies for identifying potential index compounds from Momordica charantia L. for alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2024; 219:119014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
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Nuchtavorn N, Leanpolchareanchai J, Visansirikul S, Bunsupa S. Optimization of Magnetic and Paper-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Charantin in Momordica charantia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097870. [PMID: 37175576 PMCID: PMC10178129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Charantin is a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmastadienol glucosides, which effectively lowers high blood glucose. Novel molecularly imprinted polymers coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MIPs) and filter paper (paper@MIPs) were synthesized by sol-gel polymerization to selectively extract charantin. β-sitosterol glucoside was selected as a template for imprinting a specific recognition owing to its larger molecular surface area than that of 5,25-stigmastadienol glucoside. Factorial designs were used to examine the effects of the types of porogenic solvents and cross-linkers on the extraction efficiency and imprinting factor before investigating other factors (for example, amounts of template and coated MIPs, and types of substrates for MIP immobilization). Compared to traditional liquid-liquid extraction, the optimal Fe3O4@MIP-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction and paper@MIP extraction provided excellent extraction efficiency (87.5 ± 2.1% and 85.0 ± 2.9%, respectively) and selectivity. Charantin was well separated, and a new unidentified sterol glucoside was observed using the developed high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (Rs ≥ 2.0, n > 16,400). The developed methods were successfully utilized to extract and quantify charantin from M. charantia fruit powder and herbal products. Moreover, these methods are rapid (<10 min), inexpensive, simple, reproducible, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantana Nuchtavorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Leanpolchareanchai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Muribeca ADJB, Gomes PWP, Paes SS, da Costa APA, Gomes PWP, Viana JDS, Reis JDE, Pamplona SDGSR, Silva C, Bauermeister A, Santos LDS, da Silva MN. Antibacterial Activity from Momordica charantia L. Leaves and Flavones Enriched Phase. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1796. [PMID: 36145544 PMCID: PMC9505480 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant known in Brazil as "melão de São Caetano", which has been related to many therapeutic applications in folk medicine. Herein, we describe antibacterial activities and related metabolites for an extract and fractions obtained from the leaves of that species. An ethanolic extract and its three fractions were used to perform in vitro antibacterial assays. In addition, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and the molecular networking approach were used for the metabolite annotation process. Overall, 25 compounds were annotated in the ethanolic extract from M. charantia leaves, including flavones, terpenes, organic acids, and inositol pyrophosphate derivatives. The ethanolic extract exhibited low activity against Proteus mirabilis (MIC 312.5 µg·mL-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC 625 µg·mL-1). The ethyl acetate phase showed interesting antibacterial activity (MIC 156.2 µg·mL-1) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, and it was well justified by the high content of glycosylated flavones. Therefore, based on the ethyl acetate phase antibacterial result, we suggest that M. charantia leaves could be considered as an alternative antibacterial source against K. pneumoniae and can serve as a pillar for future studies as well as pharmacological application against the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraão de Jesus B. Muribeca
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Wender P. Gomes
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven Souza Paes
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alves da Costa
- Department of Natural Science, Campus XIX, State University of Pará, Rodovia PA 154, Km 28, Cajú, Salvaterra 66860-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Weslem Portal Gomes
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato, 255, Barão Geraldo, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de Souza Viana
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - José Diogo E. Reis
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Consuelo Silva
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Anelize Bauermeister
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourivaldo da Silva Santos
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Milton Nascimento da Silva
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
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Çiçek SS. Momordica charantia L.-Diabetes-Related Bioactivities, Quality Control, and Safety Considerations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904643. [PMID: 35656300 PMCID: PMC9152207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), commonly known as bitter gourd or bitter melon, is widely cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where its unripe fruits are eaten as a vegetable. Apart from its culinary use, M. charantia has a long history in traditional medicine, serving as stomachic, laxative or anthelmintic, and, most notably, for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Its antidiabetic properties and its beneficial effects on blood glucose and lipid concentrations have been reported in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, but the compounds responsible for the observed effects have not yet been adequately described. Early reports were made for charantin, a mixture of two sterol glucosides, and the polypeptide p-insulin, but their low concentrations in the fruits or their limited bioavailability cannot explain the observed therapeutic effects. Still, for many decades the search for more reasonable active principles was omitted. However, in the last years, research more and more focused on the particular cucurbitane-type triterpenoids abundant in the fruits and other parts of the plant. This mini review deals with compounds isolated from the bitter gourd and discusses their bioactivities in conjunction with eventual antidiabetic or adverse effects. Furthermore, methods for the quality control of bitter gourd fruits and preparations will be evaluated for their meaningfulness and their potential use in the standardization of commercial preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat S Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Microwave- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia L. Cultivars and Their Antiproliferative Effect on SAS Human Oral Cancer Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050729. [PMID: 35267362 PMCID: PMC8909074 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids are a major class of bioactive compounds present in bitter melon. In the present study, six different cultivars of bitter melon were extracted by using microwave- or ultrasound-assisted techniques to identify the prominent method that can extract the majority of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. A UHPLC–MS/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) system was used for the identification and quantification of ten cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. The results suggest that the use of microwave-assisted extraction on cultivars 4 and 5 produced higher amounts of the selected cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. The interpretation of principal component analysis also identified that cultivar 4 is significantly different from the others in which the compounds 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al and momordicine I were found in higher quantities. Upon further evaluation, it was also identified that these two triterpenoids can act as antiproliferative agents due to their effects on SAS human oral cancer cell lines.
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Development and validation of a RP-HPLC-DAD method for quantification of charantin in Momordica charantia products. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Muronga M, Quispe C, Tshikhudo PP, Msagati TAM, Mudau FN, Martorell M, Salehi B, Abdull Razis AF, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Sharifi-Rad J. Three Selected Edible Crops of the Genus Momordica as Potential Sources of Phytochemicals: Biochemical, Nutritional, and Medicinal Values. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:625546. [PMID: 34054516 PMCID: PMC8155620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.625546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica species (Family Cucurbitaceae) are cultivated throughout the world for their edible fruits, leaves, shoots and seeds. Among the species of the genus Momordica, there are three selected species that are used as vegetable, and for medicinal purposes, Momordica charantia L (Bitter melon), Momordica foetida Schumach (Bitter cucumber) and Momordica balsamina L (African pumpkin). The fruits and leaves of these Momordica species are rich in primary and secondary metabolites such as proteins, fibers, minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc), β-carotene, foliate, ascorbic acid, among others. The extracts from Momordica species are used for the treatment of a variety of diseases and ailments in traditional medicine. Momordica species extracts are reputed to possess anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anthelmintic bioactivity, abortifacient, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and play chemo-preventive functions. In this review we summarize the biochemical, nutritional, and medicinal values of three Momordica species (M. charantia, M. foetida and M. balsamina) as promising and innovative sources of natural bioactive compounds for future pharmaceutical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashudu Muronga
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Phumudzo P. Tshikhudo
- Pest Risk Analysis, Directorate Plant Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Titus A. M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, South Africa
| | - Fhatuwani N. Mudau
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano P M B, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Abstract
Saponins from Momordica charantia L. are a class of triterpenoid glucoside molecules that contribute to the bitter flavour of the plant and possess pharmacological properties. However, little is known about how the bioactivity and bitter flavour of saponins are affected by thermal processing. We established saponin profiles in bitter gourd extracts using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method. Seven saponins including momordicoside F1, momordicoside F2, momordicoside I, momordicoside K, momordicoside L, 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5, 23(E)-dien-19-al, and momordicine I were monitored for the effects of thermal processing on their stabilities. The results showed that both 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al and momordicoside L were extremely sensitive to heat treatment, particularly when they were heated at 100°C for more than 10 mins and under 121°C for 20 mins. Other saponins were reduced significantly by autoclaving, but they remained unchanged at lower temperatures. In conclusion, specific bitter gourd saponins are affected by thermal treatment, which may modify the bioactive components or bitter flavour of the bitter gourd extracts.
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Metabolite Profiling and Quantitation of Cucurbitacins in Cucurbitaceae Plants by Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15992. [PMID: 31690753 PMCID: PMC6831693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae is an important plant family because many of its species are consumed as food, and used in herbal medicines, cosmetics, etc. It comprises annual vines and is rich in various bioactive principles which include the cucurbitacins. These steroidal natural products, derived from the triterpene cucurbitane, are mainly the bitter principles of the family Cucurbitaceae. Their biological activities include anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancer activities. A total of 10 species belonging to 6 genera of the Cucurbitaceae family along with Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae) were included in this study. A comprehensive profiling of certain natural products was developed using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis and a distribution profile of several major natural products in this family was obtained. A total of 51 natural products were detected in both positive and negative ionization modes, based on accurate masses and fragmentation patterns. Along with this, quantitation of four bioactive cucurbitacins, found in various important plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, was carried out using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach on an ion trap mass spectrometer. Cucurbitacin Q was found to be the most abundant in C. pareira, while Citrullus colocynthis contained all four cucurbitacins in abundant quantities. The developed quantitation method is simple, rapid, and reproducible.
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Boronate-modified hollow molecularly imprinted polymers for selective enrichment of glycosides. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hu S, Wang YH, Avula B, Wang M, Khan IA. Separation of cucurbitane triterpenoids from bitter melon drinks and determination of partition coefficients using vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction followed by UHPLC analysis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2238-2245. [PMID: 28371276 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, effective method applying vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction before ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and evaporative light scattering detection was developed for the analysis of four cucurbitane triterpenoids (momordicoside L, momordicoside K, momordicoside F2 , and 3β,7β,25-trihydroxy cucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al) in bitter melon juices. Variables affecting the extraction efficiency including different extraction solvents, volume of extraction solvent, salt amount, acid condition, vortex speed and time were optimized thoroughly. Under the optimum conditions, precision was determined by the intra- and inter-day tests in a range of 1.1-5.7% and 2.9-4.0% (RSD), respectively, with recoveries between 95.7 and 106.1%. The calibration curves showed good linearity with square correlation coefficient of 0.9936-0.9991 (evaporative light scattering detection) and 0.9858-0.9989 (MS). The detection limits ranged from 0.8-1.9 ng/mL (MS) to 3-10 ng/mL (evaporative light scattering detection) for these compounds. Enrichment factors of four target compounds were between 27 and 63 times. The proposed method was also used to determine the apparent solvent/water partition coefficients of analytes within the range of 53-120. The developed method can effectively enrich and quantify cucurbitane triterpenoids from bitter melon drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA
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Primary constituents of blue cohosh: quantification in dietary supplements and potential for toxicity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Updates on chemical and biological research on botanical ingredients in dietary supplements. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4373-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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