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Suksiriworapong J, Achayawat C, Juangrattanakamjorn P, Taresco V, Crucitti VC, Sakchaisri K, Bunsupa S. Modification of Poly(Glycerol Adipate) with Tocopherol and Cholesterol Modulating Nanoparticle Self-Assemblies and Cellular Responses of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to SN-38 Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2100. [PMID: 37631315 PMCID: PMC10459774 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate new variations of glycerol-based polyesters by grafting poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) with hydrophobic bioactive moieties, tocopherol (TOC), and cholesterol (CHO). Their effects on nanoparticle (NP) formation, drug release, and cellular responses in cancer and normal cells were evaluated. CHO and TOC were successfully grafted onto PGA backbones with 30% and 50% mole grafting. Increasing the percentage of mole grafting in both molecules increased the glass transition temperature and water contact angle of the final polymers but decreased the critical micelle concentration of the formulated particles. PGA-TOC NPs reduced the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. However, they enhanced the proliferation of primary dermal fibroblasts within a specific concentration range. PGA-CHO NPs minimally affected the growth of cancer and normal cells. Both types of NPs did not affect apoptosis or the cell cycle of cancer cells. PGA-CHO and PGA-TOC NPs were able to entrap SN-38, a hydrophobic anticancer drug, with a particle size <200 nm. PGA-CHO NPs had a higher drug loading capacity and a greater drug release than PGA-TOC NPs. However, SN-38-loaded PGA-TOC NPs showed higher toxicity than SN-38 and SN-38-loaded PGA-CHO NPs due to the combined effects of antiproliferation and higher cellular uptake. Compared with SN-38, the drug-loaded NPs more profoundly induced sub-G1 in the cell cycle analysis and apoptosis of cancer cells in a similar pattern. Therefore, PGA-CHO and PGA-TOC polymers have potential applications as delivery systems for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chittin Achayawat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Krisada Sakchaisri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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2
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Suksiriworapong J, Pongprasert N, Bunsupa S, Taresco V, Crucitti VC, Janurai T, Phruttiwanichakun P, Sakchaisri K, Wongrakpanich A. CD44-Targeted Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Breast Cancer Effect of Cordyceps militaris Extracts. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1771. [PMID: 37376218 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the anticancer effect of Cordyceps militaris herbal extract (CME) on breast cancer cells with hyaluronic acid (HYA) surface-decorated lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNPs) and evaluate the applicability of a synthesized poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) polymer for LPNP preparation. Firstly, cholesterol- and vitamin E-grafted PGA polymers (PGA-CH and PGA-VE, respectively) were fabricated, with and without maleimide-ended polyethylene glycol. Subsequently, CME, which contained an active cordycepin equaling 9.89% of its weight, was encapsulated in the LPNPs. The results revealed that the synthesized polymers could be used to prepare CME-loaded LPNPs. The LPNP formulations containing Mal-PEG were decorated with cysteine-grafted HYA via thiol-maleimide reactions. The HYA-decorated PGA-based LPNPs substantially enhanced the anticancer effect of CME against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells by enhancing cellular uptake through CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis. This study demonstrated the successful targeted delivery of CME to the CD44 receptors of tumor cells by HYA-conjugated PGA-based LPNPs and the new application of synthesized PGA-CH- and PGA-VE-based polymers in LPNP preparation. The developed LPNPs showed promising potential for the targeted delivery of herbal extracts for cancer treatment and clear potential for translation in in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nutthachai Pongprasert
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Thitapa Janurai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Krisada Sakchaisri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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3
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Nuchtavorn N, Leanpolchareanchai J, Visansirikul S, Bunsupa S. Optimization of Magnetic and Paper-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Charantin in Momordica charantia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097870. [PMID: 37175576 PMCID: PMC10178129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Charantin is a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmastadienol glucosides, which effectively lowers high blood glucose. Novel molecularly imprinted polymers coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MIPs) and filter paper (paper@MIPs) were synthesized by sol-gel polymerization to selectively extract charantin. β-sitosterol glucoside was selected as a template for imprinting a specific recognition owing to its larger molecular surface area than that of 5,25-stigmastadienol glucoside. Factorial designs were used to examine the effects of the types of porogenic solvents and cross-linkers on the extraction efficiency and imprinting factor before investigating other factors (for example, amounts of template and coated MIPs, and types of substrates for MIP immobilization). Compared to traditional liquid-liquid extraction, the optimal Fe3O4@MIP-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction and paper@MIP extraction provided excellent extraction efficiency (87.5 ± 2.1% and 85.0 ± 2.9%, respectively) and selectivity. Charantin was well separated, and a new unidentified sterol glucoside was observed using the developed high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (Rs ≥ 2.0, n > 16,400). The developed methods were successfully utilized to extract and quantify charantin from M. charantia fruit powder and herbal products. Moreover, these methods are rapid (<10 min), inexpensive, simple, reproducible, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantana Nuchtavorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Leanpolchareanchai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Lertphadungkit P, Qiao X, Ye M, Bunsupa S. Characterization of oxidosqualene cyclases from Trichosanthes cucumerina L. reveals key amino acids responsible for substrate specificity of isomultiflorenol synthase. Planta 2022; 256:58. [PMID: 35980476 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two key amino acids of isomultiflorenol synthase, Y125 and M254, were first proposed. They could be associated with the production of isomultiflorenol. Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) are the first committed enzymes in the triterpenoid biosynthesis by converting 2,3-oxidosqualene to specific triterpenoid backbones. Thus, these enzymes are potential targets for developing plant-active compounds through the study of triterpenoid biosynthesis. We applied transcriptome information and metabolite profiling from Trichosanthes cucumerina L. to define the diversity of triterpenoids in this plant through OSCs. Isomultiflorenol synthase and cucurbitadienol synthase were previously identified in this plant. Here, three new OSCs, TcBAS, TcLAS, and TcCAS, were cloned and functionally characterized as β-amyrin synthase, lanosterol synthase, and cycloartenol synthase activities, respectively. We also took advantage of the multiple sequence alignment and molecular docking of OSCs exhibiting in this plant and other plant OSCs to identify key residues associated with isomultiflorenol synthase specificity. Two novel key amino acids, referred to the Y125 and M254, were first discovered. These results provide information on a possible catalytic mechanism for plant OSCs that produce specific products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpatsorn Lertphadungkit
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Damrongrak K, Kloysawat K, Bunsupa S, Sakchasri K, Wongrakpanich A, Taresco V, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Garnett MC, Suksiriworapong J. Delivery of acetogenin-enriched Annona muricata Linn leaf extract by folic acid-conjugated and triphenylphosphonium-conjugated poly(glycerol adipate) nanoparticles to enhance toxicity against ovarian cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121636. [PMID: 35259439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The study demonstrated the fabrication of new poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) nanoparticles decorated with folic acid (FOL-PGA) and triphenylphosphonium (TPP-PGA) and the potential on the delivery of acetogenin-enriched Annona muricata Linn leaf extract to ovarian cancer cells. FOL-PGA and TPP-PGA were successfully synthesized and used to fabricate FOL-decorated nanoparticles (FOL-NPs) and FOL-/TPP- decorated nanoparticles (FOL/TPP-NPs) by blending two polymers at a mass ratio of 1:1. All nanoparticles had small size of around 100 nm, narrow size distribution and high negative surface charge about -30 mV. The stable FOL/TPP-NPs showed highest drug loading of 14.9 ± 1.9% at 1:5 ratio of extract to polymer and reached to 35.8 ± 2.1% at higher ratio. Both nanoparticles released the extract in a biphasic sustained release manner over 5 days. The toxicity of the extract to SKOV3 cells was potentiated by FOL-NPs and FOL/TPP-NPs by 2.0 - 2.6 fold through induction of cell apoptosis. FOL/TPP-NPs showed lower IC50 and higher cellular uptake as compared to FOL-NPs. FOL-NPs exhibited folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. FOL/TPP-NPs provided more advantages than FOL-NPs in terms of stability in physiological fluid, uptake efficiency and targeting ability to mitochondria and showed a promising potential PGA platform for targeted delivery of herbal cytotoxic extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokporn Damrongrak
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kiattiphant Kloysawat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Krisada Sakchasri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Garnett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Lertphadungkit P, Qiao X, Sirikantaramas S, Satitpatipan V, Ye M, Bunsupa S. De novo transcriptome analysis and identification of candidate genes associated with triterpenoid biosynthesis in Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:1845-1858. [PMID: 34228189 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
De novo transcriptome analysis from callus, leaf, and fruit of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. for the identification of genes associated with triterpenoid biosynthesis, especially bryonolic acid and cucurbitacin B. Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (TC) has been used as a medicinal plant in Thailand with various potential functions. Two major triterpenoids found in this plant, bryonolic acid and cucurbitacin B, are receiving increased attention for their activities. Here, we provide TC transcriptome data to identify genes involved in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway through callus, where was previously suggested as a novel source for bryonolic acid production as opposed to leaf and fruit. A de novo assembly of approximately 290-thousand transcripts generated from these tissues led to two putative oxidosqualene cyclases: isomultiflorenol synthase (IMS) and cucurbitadienol synthase (CBS). TcIMS and TcCBS, genes that encode substrates for two characteristic triterpenoids in cucurbitaceous plants, were identified as isomultiflorenol synthase and cucurbitadienol synthase, respectively. These two genes were functionally characterised in mutant yeast Gil77 systems, which led to the productions of isomultiflorenol and cucurbitadienol. Moreover, the callus-specific gene expression profiles were also presented. These obtained information showed candidate cytochrome P450s with predicted full-length sequences, which were most likely associated with triterpenoid biosynthesis, especially bryonolic acid. Our study provides useful information and a valuable reference for the further studies on cucurbitaceous triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpatsorn Lertphadungkit
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Veena Satitpatipan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Aneklaphakij C, Saigo T, Watanabe M, Naake T, Fernie AR, Bunsupa S, Satitpatipan V, Tohge T. Diversity of Chemical Structures and Biosynthesis of Polyphenols in Nut-Bearing Species. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:642581. [PMID: 33889165 PMCID: PMC8056029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nuts, such as peanut, almond, and chestnut, are valuable food crops for humans being important sources of fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols. Polyphenols, such as flavonoids, stilbenoids, and hydroxycinnamates, represent a group of plant-specialized (secondary) metabolites which are characterized as health-beneficial antioxidants within the human diet as well as physiological stress protectants within the plant. In food chemistry research, a multitude of polyphenols contained in culinary nuts have been studied leading to the identification of their chemical properties and bioactivities. Although functional elucidation of the biosynthetic genes of polyphenols in nut species is crucially important for crop improvement in the creation of higher-quality nuts and stress-tolerant cultivars, the chemical diversity of nut polyphenols and the key biosynthetic genes responsible for their production are still largely uncharacterized. However, current technical advances in whole-genome sequencing have facilitated that nut plant species became model plants for omics-based approaches. Here, we review the chemical diversity of seed polyphenols in majorly consumed nut species coupled to insights into their biological activities. Furthermore, we present an example of the annotation of key genes involved in polyphenolic biosynthesis in peanut using comparative genomics as a case study outlining how we are approaching omics-based approaches of the nut plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Aneklaphakij
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Tomoki Saigo
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Thomas Naake
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veena Satitpatipan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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Lertphadungkit P, Suksiriworapong J, Satitpatipan V, Sirikantaramas S, Wongrakpanich A, Bunsupa S. Enhanced Production of Bryonolic Acid in Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (Thai Cultivar) Cell Cultures by Elicitors and Their Biological Activities. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9060709. [PMID: 32498354 PMCID: PMC7356870 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bryonolic acid is a triterpenoid compound found in cucurbitaceous roots. Due to its biological activities, this compound gets more attention to improve production. Herein, we carried out efficient ways with high bryonolic acid productions from Trichosanthes cucumerina L., a Thai medicinal plant utilizing plant cell cultures. The results showed that calli (24.65 ± 1.97 mg/g dry weight) and cell suspensions (15.69 ± 0.78 mg/g dry weight) exhibited the highest bryonolic acid productions compared with natural roots (approximately 2 mg/g dry weight). In the presence of three elicitors (methyl jasmonate, yeast extract, and chitosan), cell suspensions treated with 1 mg/mL of chitosan for eight days led to higher bryonolic acid contents (23.56 ± 1.68 mg/g dry weight). Interestingly, cell culture and root extracts with high bryonolic acid contents resulted in significantly higher percent cell viabilities than those observed under control (1% v/v DMSO) treatment in Saos-2 and MCF-7 cells. The present study indicated that T. cucumerina L. cell cultures are alternative and efficient to produce the biologically important secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpatsorn Lertphadungkit
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Jiraphong Suksiriworapong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Veena Satitpatipan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Amaraporn Wongrakpanich
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-026448677-91
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Rojsanga P, Bunsupa S, Sithisarn P. Flavones Contents in Extracts from Oroxylum indicum Seeds and Plant Tissue Cultures. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071545. [PMID: 32231034 PMCID: PMC7181290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz or Pheka, is a plant in the Bignoniaceae family with various traditional uses. The mature fruits promote anti-helminthic and stomachic effects, while the seeds have been used as a purgative and for the relief of tonsil pain. The young fruits are popularly consumed as vegetables, while the seeds are one of the components in traditional drink formulations. To develop new plant raw material sources, a plant tissue culture technique was used to generate plant tissue cultured samples from the seeds of O. indicum. Plant tissue cultured samples were collected from three different growth stages; 4 days, then at 3 and 9 weeks, and prepared as crude extracts by maceration with ethanol, along with the seed raw material sample. A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was used for quantitative analysis of the contents of the three major flavones; baicalin, baicalein, and chrysin in the extracts from the seeds and plant tissue cultured samples of this plant. Baicalin was found in the highest amount among these three flavones in all extracts. The seed extract contained the highest baicalin content (24.24% w/w in the extract), followed by the shoot extract from tissue-cultured plant at week 3 (14.78% w/w of the extract). The amounts of chrysin in all O. indicum showed the same trend as the contents of baicalin, but the amounts were lower, while baicalein was accumulated at the lowest amount among three flavonoids and the amounts were quite stable in all O. indicum extracts. From the results, O. indicum seed and plant tissue cultured extracts have potential as sources of flavones, which could be further developed as health products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanuch Rojsanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty. of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Pongtip Sithisarn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty. of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-264-487-01
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Aneklaphakij C, Bunsupa S, Sirichamorn Y, Bongcheewin B, Satitpatipan V. Taxonomic Notes on the 'Mahat' ( Artocarpus lacucha and A. thailandicus, Moraceae) Species Complex in Thailand. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9030391. [PMID: 32235808 PMCID: PMC7154811 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
‘Mahat’ is a well-known medicinal plant utilized in Thailand. The Thai name ‘Mahat’ has been used in many scientific articles for years. However, it is, unpredictably, a homonym of two scientific names in Flora of Thailand, i.e., A. lacucha and A. thailandicus. Additionally, both species are complex due to their high morphological variation. This causes difficulties in species identification especially when this Thai name is referred to as the scientific name for research publication, quality control of pharmaceutical raw materials, and registration of pharmaceutical products. In this study, we scrutinized the taxonomy of ‘Mahat’ by detailed examination of its morphology and distribution, including molecular and qualitative phytochemical studies. Leaf surfaces were inspected using scanning electron microscopy. The phylogeny of both species was studied using DNA sequences of nuclear and plastid regions. Chromatographic fingerprints, focusing on the major active compound oxyresveratrol, were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our current study, phylogenetic evidence showed that some samples of both species were clustered together in the same clade and phytochemical fingerprints were almost identical. These results are valuable data for taxonomic revision in the near future and reveal the possible utilization of A. thailandicus as a new material source of oxyresveratrol in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Aneklaphakij
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Yotsawate Sirichamorn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Bhanubong Bongcheewin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Veena Satitpatipan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Bunsupa S, Yamazaki M, Saito K. Lysine-derived Alkaloids: Overview and Update on Biosynthesis and Medicinal Applications with Emphasis on Quinolizidine Alkaloids. Mini Rev Med Chem 2017; 17:1002-1012. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557516666160506151213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somnuk Bunsupa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Bunsupa S, Hanada K, Maruyama A, Aoyagi K, Komatsu K, Ueno H, Yamashita M, Sasaki R, Oikawa A, Saito K, Yamazaki M. Molecular Evolution and Functional Characterization of a Bifunctional Decarboxylase Involved in Lycopodium Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:2432-44. [PMID: 27303024 PMCID: PMC4972286 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lycopodium alkaloids (LAs) are derived from lysine (Lys) and are found mainly in Huperziaceae and Lycopodiaceae. LAs are potentially useful against Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and myasthenia gravis. Here, we cloned the bifunctional lysine/ornithine decarboxylase (L/ODC), the first gene involved in LA biosynthesis, from the LA-producing plants Lycopodium clavatum and Huperzia serrata We describe the in vitro and in vivo functional characterization of the L. clavatum L/ODC (LcL/ODC). The recombinant LcL/ODC preferentially catalyzed the decarboxylation of l-Lys over l-ornithine (l-Orn) by about 5 times. Transient expression of LcL/ODC fused with the amino or carboxyl terminus of green fluorescent protein, in onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, showed LcL/ODC localization in the cytosol. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hairy roots and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing LcL/ODC enhanced the production of a Lys-derived alkaloid, anabasine, and cadaverine, respectively, thus, confirming the function of LcL/ODC in plants. In addition, we present an example of the convergent evolution of plant Lys decarboxylase that resulted in the production of Lys-derived alkaloids in Leguminosae (legumes) and Lycopodiaceae (clubmosses). This convergent evolution event probably occurred via the promiscuous functions of the ancestral Orn decarboxylase, which is an enzyme involved in the primary metabolism of polyamine. The positive selection sites were detected by statistical analyses using phylogenetic trees and were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis, suggesting the importance of those sites in granting the promiscuous function to Lys decarboxylase while retaining the ancestral Orn decarboxylase function. This study contributes to a better understanding of LA biosynthesis and the molecular evolution of plant Lys decarboxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnuk Bunsupa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Kousuke Hanada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Akira Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Kaori Aoyagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Kana Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Madoka Yamashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Ryosuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan (S.B., A.M., K.A., K.K., H.U., Mad.Y., K.S., Mam.Y.);Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.B.);Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan (K.H.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (R.S., A.O., K.S.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (A.O.)
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Han R, Takahashi H, Nakamura M, Bunsupa S, Yoshimoto N, Yamamoto H, Suzuki H, Shibata D, Yamazaki M, Saito K. Transcriptome Analysis of Nine Tissues to Discover Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Active Ingredients in Sophora flavescens. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:876-83. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchun Han
- Pharmacy College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Naoko Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | | | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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Wang DN, Toyotome T, Muraosa Y, Watanabe A, Wuren T, Bunsupa S, Aoyagi K, Yamazaki M, Takino M, Kamei K. GliA in Aspergillus fumigatus is required for its tolerance to gliotoxin and affects the amount of extracellular and intracellular gliotoxin. Med Mycol 2014; 52:506-18. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Bunsupa S, Yamazaki M, Saito K. Quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis: recent advances and future prospects. Front Plant Sci 2012; 3:239. [PMID: 23112802 PMCID: PMC3481059 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lys-derived alkaloids, including piperidine, quinolizidine, indolizidine, and lycopodium alkaloids, are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Several of these alkaloids have beneficial properties for humans and have been used in medicine. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of these alkaloids are not well understood. In the present article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of Lys-derived alkaloids, especially the biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology of quinolizidine alkaloid (QA) biosynthesis. We have also highlighted Lys decarboxylase (LDC), the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of QA biosynthesis and answers a longstanding question about the molecular entity of LDC activity in plants. Further prospects using current advanced technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, in medicinal plants have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnuk Bunsupa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
- RIKEN Plant Science CenterYokohama, Japan
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Bunsupa S, Katayama K, Ikeura E, Oikawa A, Toyooka K, Saito K, Yamazaki M. Lysine decarboxylase catalyzes the first step of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis and coevolved with alkaloid production in leguminosae. Plant Cell 2012; 24:1202-16. [PMID: 22415272 PMCID: PMC3336119 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.095885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysine decarboxylase (LDC) catalyzes the first-step in the biosynthetic pathway of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs), which form a distinct, large family of plant alkaloids. A cDNA of lysine/ornithine decarboxylase (L/ODC) was isolated by differential transcript screening in QA-producing and nonproducing cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius. We also obtained L/ODC cDNAs from four other QA-producing plants, Sophora flavescens, Echinosophora koreensis, Thermopsis chinensis, and Baptisia australis. These L/ODCs form a phylogenetically distinct subclade in the family of plant ornithine decarboxylases. Recombinant L/ODCs from QA-producing plants preferentially or equally catalyzed the decarboxylation of L-lysine and L-ornithine. L. angustifolius L/ODC (La-L/ODC) was found to be localized in chloroplasts, as suggested by the transient expression of a fusion protein of La-L/ODC fused to the N terminus of green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells and hairy roots produced enhanced levels of cadaverine-derived alkaloids, and transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing (La-L/ODC) produced enhanced levels of cadaverine, indicating the involvement of this enzyme in lysine decarboxylation to form cadaverine. Site-directed mutagenesis and protein modeling studies revealed a structural basis for preferential LDC activity, suggesting an evolutionary implication of L/ODC in the QA-producing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnuk Bunsupa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kae Katayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Emi Ikeura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
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Ozaki S, Ogata Y, Suda K, Kurabayashi A, Suzuki T, Yamamoto N, Iijima Y, Tsugane T, Fujii T, Konishi C, Inai S, Bunsupa S, Yamazaki M, Shibata D, Aoki K. Coexpression analysis of tomato genes and experimental verification of coordinated expression of genes found in a functionally enriched coexpression module. DNA Res 2010; 17:105-16. [PMID: 20130013 PMCID: PMC2853382 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsq002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-to-gene coexpression analysis is a powerful approach to infer the function of uncharacterized genes. Here, we report comprehensive identification of coexpression gene modules of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and experimental verification of coordinated expression of module member genes. On the basis of the gene-to-gene correlation coefficient calculated from 67 microarray hybridization data points, we performed a network-based analysis. This facilitated the identification of 199 coexpression modules. A gene ontology annotation search revealed that 75 out of the 199 modules are enriched with genes associated with common functional categories. To verify the coexpression relationships between module member genes, we focused on one module enriched with genes associated with the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. A non-enzyme, non-transcription factor gene encoding a zinc finger protein in this module was overexpressed in S. lycopersicum cultivar Micro-Tom, and expression levels of flavonoid pathway genes were investigated. Flavonoid pathway genes included in the module were up-regulated in the plant overexpressing the zinc finger gene. This result demonstrates that coexpression modules, at least the ones identified in this study, represent actual transcriptional coordination between genes, and can facilitate the inference of tomato gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Ozaki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suda
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
- Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, 808 Daizenno-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0006, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoko Iijima
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Taneaki Tsugane
- Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, 808 Daizenno-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0006, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Nippon Del Monte Corporation, 3748 Shimizu-cho, Numata 378-0016, Japan
| | - Chiaki Konishi
- Nippon Del Monte Corporation, 3748 Shimizu-cho, Numata 378-0016, Japan
| | - Shuji Inai
- Nippon Del Monte Corporation, 3748 Shimizu-cho, Numata 378-0016, Japan
| | - Somnuk Bunsupa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Koh Aoki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +81 438-52-3947. Fax. +81 438-52-3948.
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