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Maes D, Peltoniemi O, Malik M. Abortion and fetal death in sows. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:125-136. [PMID: 37724658 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Abortion in sows or the expulsion of foetuses between days 35 and 109 of gestation results in major financial losses. Abortion is the result of maternal failure due to factors interfering with either the endocrine control of pregnancy or causing endometrial damage. In addition, causes of fetal origin, due to infections with a special affinity for the fetus, can also lead to abortion. Many different non-infectious and infectious factors may be involved. Non-infectious risk factors include inappropriate ambient temperature, seasonal effects, different stress factors, and toxic substances. Microorganisms that may cause abortion can be classified as facultative pathogenic and specific pathogenic microorganisms. The first category includes mostly bacteria that are endemic in many pig farms and that are normally harmless commensals. They can cause abortion only in case of decreased immunity or other predisposing factors. Different specific pathogenic microorganisms, especially viruses and bacteria, can cause fetal death and abortion. Some may have a special affinity for the reproductive tract and the foetuses (e.g. Aujeszky's disease virus, parvovirus, Leptospira sp.), while others may cause clinical disease or fever in sows (e.g. swine influenza viruses, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae), subsequently leading to abortion. Diagnosis of fetal death and abortion is challenging due to the broad array of processes that may be involved, and the fact that the inciting cause may happen well in advance of the abortion. The diagnostic process should start with a thorough evaluation of the clinical problem and the farm. In case an infectious cause is suspected, proper samples should be collected, preferably from different sows and foetuses, for the detection of specific pathogens. Prevention of abortion mainly relies on the implementation of good management practices, hygiene and biosecurity measures, and for some pathogens also on vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Olli Peltoniemi
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mateusz Malik
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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2
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da Silva WC, da Silva JAR, Camargo-Júnior RNC, da Silva ÉBR, dos Santos MRP, Viana RB, Silva AGME, da Silva CMG, Lourenço-Júnior JDB. Animal welfare and effects of per-female stress on male and cattle reproduction—A review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1083469. [PMID: 37065229 PMCID: PMC10102491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1083469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal stress causes severe effects on the wellbeing and reproduction of cattle, including changes in oogenesis and spermatogenesis, generating great concerns, which last for decades. In cattle, the occurrence of thermal stress is associated with a reduction in the production of spermatozoids and ovarian follicles, in addition to the increase of major and minor defects in gametes or in their intermediate stages. In bovine females able to reproduce, a reduction in the rate of estrus manifestation and an increase in embryonic mortality has been observed. Therefore, keeping animals on good welfare conditions, with water supply and in shaded areas can favor the improvement of different reproductive parameters. For all this, the present study aimed to gather, synthesize and argue recent studies related to animal welfare, focusing on the effects of thermal stress on the reproduction of cattle, aiming to support possible strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of thermal stress in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Welligton Conceição da Silva
| | | | - Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rinaldo Batista Viana
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Institute of Animal Health and Production, Belém, Brazil
| | - André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinguara, Pará, Brazil
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
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Taborda-Charris JC, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Uribe-García HF, Otero-Arroyo RJ, Naranjo-Gomez JS, Lozano-Villegas KJ, Rondón-Barragín IS. Expression profiling of heat shock protein genes in whole blood of Romosinuano cattle breed. Vet World 2023. [DOI: 10.14202/10.14202/vetworld.2023.601-606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones expressed in response to thermal stress. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of genes related to the heat stress response in whole blood obtained from the Romosinuano creole breed.
Materials and Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the transcript of hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, and hsf1 in the whole blood of Romosinuano under different temperature-humidity indices (THIs).
Results: The expression levels of the hsp70 and hsf1 genes at the high-THI level were higher (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0003, respectively) than those at the low-THI level. In addition, no differences in the expression levels of the hsp60 and hsP90 genes were detected between the two THIs.
Conclusion: The overexpression of hsf1 and hsp70 genes play an important role in protecting cells from damage induced by heat stress.
Keywords: climate change, external environment, heat shock proteins, heat stress, mRNA, temperature-humidity index.
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Taborda-Charris JC, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Uribe-García HF, Otero-Arroyo RJ, Naranjo-Gomez JS, Lozano-Villegas KJ, Rondón-Barragán IS. Expression profiling of heat shock protein genes in whole blood of Romosinuano cattle breed. Vet World 2023; 16:601-606. [PMID: 37041848 PMCID: PMC10082753 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.601-606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones expressed in response to thermal stress. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of genes related to the heat stress response in whole blood obtained from the Romosinuano creole breed. Materials and Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the transcript of hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, and hsf1 in the whole blood of Romosinuano under different temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Results The expression levels of the hsp70 and hsf1 genes at the high-THI level were higher (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0003, respectively) than those at the low-THI level. In addition, no differences in the expression levels of the hsp60 and hsP90 genes were detected between the two THIs. Conclusion The overexpression of hsf1 and hsp70 genes play an important role in protecting cells from damage induced by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Taborda-Charris
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Roy Rodríguez-Hernández
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - Heinner Fabian Uribe-García
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Rafael J. Otero-Arroyo
- Grupo de Investigación en Reproducción y Mejoramiento Genético Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Sucre, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Corporación de Ciencias Biotecnológicas, Embriotecno, Montería 230029, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Juan Sebastian Naranjo-Gomez
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Kelly Johanna Lozano-Villegas
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
- Corresponding author: Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán, e-mail: Co-authors: JCT: , RR: , MPH: , HFU: , RJO: , JSN: , KJL:
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Developmental Programming in Animal Models: Critical Evidence of Current Environmental Negative Changes. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:442-463. [PMID: 35697921 PMCID: PMC9191883 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) approach answers questions surrounding the early events suffered by the mother during reproductive stages that can either partially or permanently influence the developmental programming of children, predisposing them to be either healthy or exhibit negative health outcomes in adulthood. Globally, vulnerable populations tend to present high obesity rates, including among school-age children and women of reproductive age. In addition, adults suffer from high rates of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, and other metabolic diseases. The increase in metabolic outcomes has been associated with the combination of maternal womb conditions and adult lifestyle-related factors such as malnutrition and obesity, smoking habits, and alcoholism. However, to date, "new environmental changes" have recently been considered negative factors of development, such as maternal sedentary lifestyle, lack of maternal attachment during lactation, overcrowding, smog, overurbanization, industrialization, noise pollution, and psychosocial stress experienced during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to recognize how all these factors impact offspring development during pregnancy and lactation, a period in which the subject cannot protect itself from these mechanisms. This review aims to introduce the importance of studying DOHaD, discuss classical programming studies, and address the importance of studying new emerging programming mechanisms, known as actual lifestyle factors, during pregnancy and lactation.
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Del Río‐Avilés AD, Correa‐Calderón A, Avendaño‐Reyes L, Macías‐Cruz U, Thomas MG, Enns RM, Speidel SE, Sánchez‐Castro MA, Zamorano‐Algandar R, López‐Castro PA, Luna‐Nevárez P. Mineral supplementation (injectable) improved reproductive performance in Holstein cows managed in a warm summer environment. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:839-848. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Del Río‐Avilés
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexicali BC México 21705
| | - Abelardo Correa‐Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexicali BC México 21705
| | - Leonel Avendaño‐Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexicali BC México 21705
| | - Ulises Macías‐Cruz
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexicali BC México 21705
| | - Milton G. Thomas
- Department of Animal Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA 80523
| | - R. Mark Enns
- Department of Animal Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA 80523
| | - Scott E. Speidel
- Department of Animal Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA 80523
| | | | - Ricardo Zamorano‐Algandar
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora. Ciudad Obregón Sonora México 85000
| | - Pedro A. López‐Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora. Ciudad Obregón Sonora México 85000
| | - Pablo Luna‐Nevárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora. Ciudad Obregón Sonora México 85000
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SINGH SV, SOMAGOND YALLAPPAM, DESHPANDE ADITYA. Nutritional management of dairy animals for sustained production under heat stress scenario. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i5.115381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dairy industry plays a significant role in the agriculture sector for sustainable growth. Heat stress, on the other hand, has been proven to have a detrimental impact on dairy output in terms of growth, reproductive performance and milk production in dairy animals, especially in tropical areas. Heat stress is one of the most significant issues facing the dairy industry, as rising temperatures and humidity limit animal productivity throughout the summer, resulting in devastating economic repercussions. The purpose of this review is to gather knowledge on the effects of heat stress on dairy output and how to ameliorate them. The diversion of energy resources from the production to the adaptation pathway may be responsible for the loss in productive capacity of dairy animals, when they are exposed to heat stress. There are different approaches pertaining to relieving the adverse effects of heat stress on dairy production system. These approaches may be classified into three major categories viz. genetic, management and nutritional interventions. These approaches might help dairy animals to perform better by reducing the harmful impacts of heat stress. Appropriate shelter design, giving shade, employing sprinklers, installing cooling devices, and using fans and ventilation systems are among the management strategies. The nutritional interventions comprise ration balancing and providing essential micronutrients to improve the productive and reproductive performance. Some of the most widely used dietary measures to ensure optimal production are inclusion of protein or fat (prill fat), micronutrients antioxidants (vitamins and minerals) and some feed additives (Astaxanthin, betaine, melatonin, Chlorophytum borivilianum) in the diet. These antioxidants and feed additives can be used to attenuate the negative effects of environmental stress. Furthermore, providing adequate energy and antioxidants help to ensure optimum growth, milk production and reproduction efficiency during heat stress. This review provides an overview of the consequences of heat stress on dairy animals, emphasizes essential nutritional strategies for heat stress reduction in dairy animals, and evaluates the influence of various feed supplements on growth, productivity and physiology.
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Avendaño-Reyes L, Correa-Calderón A, Macías-Cruz U, García-Casillas AC, Mellado M, Robinson PH, Hernández-Rivera JA. Impacts on two dairy breeds of adding a third (night) cooling event under extreme ambient heat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1443-1450. [PMID: 33740136 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of an additional cooling event during the night on physiological and productive parameters of two breeds (B) of dairy cows under severe heat stress conditions were determined. Fifteen Holstein (H) and 15 Jersey x Holstein (JxH) cows were assigned to one of the two cooling strategies (CS), where the difference was an added 1 h cooling event during the night (i.e., 3X and 4X cooling events) with the 4X group having the added night cooling event. Maximum and minimum average temperature/humidity indices during the study were 86 and 77 units, respectively. There were no CS x B interactions for any response variable. Body condition score (BCS) was similar between CS, but H cows had higher (P<0.05) condition than JxH. There were no differences in rectal temperature due to CS or B. Respiration rate between breeds and cooling strategies were similar throughout the day. However body surface temperatures of head, thurl, right flank, and udder were higher (P<0.05) in 3X versus 4X cows, and H cows maintained a higher (P < 0.05) temperature in thurl and right flank than JxH during PM hours. Metabolites and hormone concentrations were not affected by CS, but H cows had lower (P < 0.05) triiodothyronine and higher (P < 0.05) thyroxine, than JxH. The 4X cows had higher (P<0.05) milk yield and milk energy output than 3X cows. While H cows produced more milk than JxH, the latter had higher (P < 0.05) milk component levels. In general, JxH cows were judged to have to demonstrate a more desirable physiological response and milk composition outcome than H cows. An additional night cooling event was judged to result in more desirable physiological and productive responses than in cows without this extra night cooling event under the extremely hot and dry environmental conditions during the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Avendaño-Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, 21705, Valle de Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Abelardo Correa-Calderón
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, 21705, Valle de Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Ulises Macías-Cruz
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, 21705, Valle de Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | | | - Miguel Mellado
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - P H Robinson
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Iqbal Yatoo M, Bhat RA, Muheet, Parray OR, Shabir M, Kubrevi SS, Dar RA, Angmo K, Kanwar MS. A study on biological rhythms of Himalayan Pashmina goats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1571703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Riyaz Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muheet
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Oveas Raffiq Parray
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mir Shabir
- Farm Science Centre, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nyoma, Changthang, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Shafat Kubrevi
- Farm Science Centre, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nyoma, Changthang, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rukhsar Ahmad Dar
- Farm Science Centre, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nyoma, Changthang, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kunzes Angmo
- Farm Science Centre, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nyoma, Changthang, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Maheshwar Singh Kanwar
- Farm Science Centre, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nyoma, Changthang, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Iqbal Yatoo M, Shabir M, Kubrevi SS, Dar RA, Angmo K, Kanwar MS, Bhat RA, Muheet, Parray OR. A study on biological rhythms of Himalayan yaks. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1579883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Srinagar, India
| | - Mir Shabir
- Farm Science Centre, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ladakh, India
| | | | | | - Kunzes Angmo
- Farm Science Centre, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ladakh, India
| | | | - Riyaz Ahmad Bhat
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Srinagar, India
| | - Muheet
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Srinagar, India
| | - Oveas Raffiq Parray
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandary, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Srinagar, India
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Mohammad Malyar R, Li H, Enayatullah H, Hou L, Ahmad Farid R, Liu D, Akhter Bhat J, Miao J, Gan F, Huang K, Chen X. Zinc-enriched probiotics enhanced growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, gene expression, and morphological characteristics of Wistar rats raised under high ambient temperature. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:291. [PMID: 31321197 PMCID: PMC6606684 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc-enriched probiotics (ZnP) on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, related gene expression, and morphological characteristics of Wistar rats raised under high heat stress condition during summer. 36, 6-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups; fed with basal diet (control), basal diet with probiotics (P), and basal diet with zinc-enriched probiotics supplementation (ZnP, 100 mg/L), for 40 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected through intracardiac method on the last day of experiment and tissues were collected from liver, heart, and kidneys. The results revealed that both P and ZnP significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced growth performance. However, ZnP remarkably increased glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities but reduced malondialdehyde level in serum of the Wistar rats. The concentration of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ was significantly (P < 0.05) increased with treatments of P and ZnP compared to control group while IL-10 was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Additionally, the expression of SOD1, SOD2, MT1, and MT2 genes was significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated with the treatment of ZnP, but Hsp90 and Hsp70 heat shock genes were significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated with the treatment of P and ZnP, respectively. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining showed that both P and ZnP supplementation treatments induced changes in villus height and intestinal wall thickness. In conclusion, zinc-enriched probiotics supplementation can improve the growth performance of Wistar rats under high ambient temperature through enhancing antioxidant status, immune function, related genes expression, and intestinal morphological characteristics. This product may serves as a potential nutritive supplement for Wistar rats under high heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmani Mohammad Malyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar Province Afghanistan
| | - Hu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hamdard Enayatullah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Rawan Ahmad Farid
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar Province Afghanistan
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Centre for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Amitha JP, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Sejian V, Bhatta R. Heat stress impact on the expression patterns of different reproduction related genes in Malabari goats. Theriogenology 2019; 131:169-176. [PMID: 30978567 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of heat stress on the expression pattern of reproduction related genes in Malabari breed of goat. The study was conducted during 45 days using twelve 10 months to one year old Malabari goats. The goats were randomly allocated into two groups: MC (n = 6; Malabari control) and MHS (n = 6; Malabari heat stress). Goats were stall-fed with a diet composed of 60% roughage and 40% concentrate. All animals had access to ad-libitum feed and water and they were fed and watered individually. The MC goats were placed in the shaded pens while MHS goats were exposed to heat stress in outside environment between 10.00 h and 16.00 h. At the end of study period, all 12 animals were slaughtered and their uterus tissues were collected for gene expression and histopathological studies. The temperature humidity index (THI) inside shed (74.9) proved that the animals were not stressed while in the outside environment (86.5) the animals were extremely distressed. Heat stress significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the expression patterns of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), estrogen receptor α (ESTRα), prostaglandin F2 α (PGF2α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). However, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) did not differed between the groups. Further, a strong positive correlation (P < 0.01) was established for THI with both FSHR gene expression. A negative correlation was also established between THI and ESTRα (P < 0.01), PGF2α (P < 0.01), PGE2 (P < 0.05) genes. However, heat stress did not influence the expression patterns of LHR; COX-2 genes. The histopathological section of uterine epithelial cells showed degenerative changes (P < 0.05) with less differentiation in MHS group as compared to MC group. The results from the study clearly indicated that heat stress was able to alter the reproductive activity related gene expressions at uterine level and this could be an indication of reduced reproductive efficiency in Malabari goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Amitha
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India; Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India; Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India.
| | - R Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India
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Sengar GS, Deb R, Singh U, Junghare V, Hazra S, Raja TV, Alex R, Kumar A, Alyethodi RR, Kant R, Jakshara S, Joshi CG. Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs in Sahiwal (Bos indicus) breed of cattle during thermal stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1019-1032. [PMID: 29777484 PMCID: PMC6111087 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in post transcriptional gene regulation that influence various fundamental cellular processes, including the cellular responses during environmental stresses. However, perusal of literatures revealed few reports on the differential expression of miRNA during thermal stress in Indian native (Bos indicus) cattle breeds. The present investigation aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs during thermal stress in Sahiwal (Bos indicus) dairy cattle breed of India, adapted with tropical climate over a long period of time. Stress responses of the animals were characterized by determining various physiological as well as biochemical parameters and differential expression profile of major heat shock protein genes. Ion Torrent deep sequencing and CLC-genomic analysis identified a set of differentially expressed miRNAs during summer and winter seasons. Most of the identified differentially expressed miRNAs were found to target heat shock responsive genes especially members of heat shock protein (HSP) family. Real-time quantification-based analysis of selected miRNAs revealed that bta-mir-1248, bta-mir-2332, bta-mir-2478, and bta-mir-1839 were significantly (p < 0.01) over expressed while bta-mir-16a, bta-let-7b, bta-mir-142, and bta-mir-425 were significantly (p < 0.01) under expressed during summer in comparison to winter. The present study enlists differentially expressed miRNAs at different environmental temperatures in Sahiwal (Bos indicus) that may be importance for further understanding the role of miRNAs on thermo-regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Singh Sengar
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, -250 001, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Science, Allahabad, India
| | - Rajib Deb
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, -250 001, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Umesh Singh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, -250 001, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Junghare
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Center of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - T V Raja
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, -250 001, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rani Alex
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, -250 001, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, -250 001, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R R Alyethodi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, -250 001, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Kant
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Science, Allahabad, India
| | - Subhash Jakshara
- Ome Research Laboratory, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - C G Joshi
- Ome Research Laboratory, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Kamal R, Dutt T, Patel M, Dey A, Bharti PK, Chandran PC. Heat stress and effect of shade materials on hormonal and behavior response of dairy cattle: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:701-706. [PMID: 29442254 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In tropical countries, at high temperatures, several physiological rearrangements occur in cows as they attempt to facilitate heat dissipation and/or reduce metabolic heat production. Following exposure to heat, cattle appear to acclimatize within 2-7 weeks. The failure of homeostasis at high temperatures may lead to reduced productivity or even death. The situation is even worse when humidity adds to high temperature. Livestock with elevated body temperature exhibit lower DMI and growth with less efficiency, reducing profitability for dairy farms in hot and humid climates. Shading of feed and water also offers production advantages. Although several elaborate methods for reducing heat stress in cows have been reported, simple shade materials appear to be the most cost-effective methods that are currently applicable to tropical developing countries. Different materials are being used to provide shade during warm weather. The shade material determines the microclimate-it should be light, strong, durable, weatherproof, good looking and a bad conductor of heat, and free from tendency to condense moisture inside. This review discusses various shade materials and their advantages and disadvantages in different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kamal
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India.
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Manjunath Patel
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Amitava Dey
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Panch Kishore Bharti
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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