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Lu X, Zhang M, Wang L, Liu G. Liquid Metal Fiber Mat as a Highly Stable Solid-State Junction for Inkjet-Printed Flexible Reference Electrodes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6728-6735. [PMID: 35483011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An all-solid liquid-metal-fiber-mat-based membrane flexible reference electrode (LMFM-FRE) was developed by combining liquid metal eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) and poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) (SBS) as a liquid junction layer. Ag ink was printed and chlorinated by electroplating to form the AgCl layer. Then, agarose containing KCl was coated as the electrolyte layer, and LMFM was added as the liquid junction layer. The liquid junction layer can increase the hydrophobicity of the electrode surface, limit the loss of internal Cl-, and significantly improve the stability of the electrode. The potential fluctuation of LMFM-FRE does not exceed 1 mV within 1 h, and it is still the same after 1 month. In addition, its potential changes in ion species and concentration, pH value, and ambient light are small, and its cyclic voltammetry characteristics are consistent with the standard reference electrode. Even in the case of temperature change and mechanical deformation, the potential change of LMFM-FRE is minimal. In general, the materials used and fabrication by inkjet printing make it possible to manufacture the reference electrode on a large scale, which is particularly important in many electrochemical sensing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Liru Wang
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Yang L, Zhang Z, Wang X. A Microfluidic PET-Based Electrochemical Glucose Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040552. [PMID: 35457854 PMCID: PMC9031515 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic sensors have gained increased attention in the field of analytical assays in recent years due to their self-driven nature, ease of preparation, high integration, low reagent consumption, and low cost. However, paper-based microfluidic sensors still have many deficiencies when it comes to the detection of some specific detectors such as blood glucose. For example, the processing procedure for microfluidic channels is tedious, the sensor electrodes are easily damaged by bending, and they can only be used as disposable products. To solve the above problems, a PET-based microfluidic sensor was proposed in this paper, the performance of which was tested with glucose as the target detector. The experimental results showed that the analytical performance of this sensor is comparable to that of existing commercial glucose meters. This work provides implications for the substrate selection of microfluidic chips for some biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yang
- College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence:
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Dawkins RC, Wen D, Hart JN, Vepsäläinen M. A screen-printed Ag/AgCl reference electrode with long-term stability for electroanalytical applications. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Shitanda I, Miyazaki K, Loew N, Esaka R, Hoshi Y, Itagaki M. A screen-printed three-electrode-type sticker device with an accurate liquid junction-type reference electrode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2875-2878. [PMID: 33656029 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel sticker device that can convert any metal or alloy into the working electrode of a three-electrode system, enabling simple and accurate measurement. The sticker, containing a counter electrode and a stable and accurate liquid junction-type reference electrode, is attached to the metal or alloy; meanwhile the surface exposed from a hole in the device functions as the working electrode. This sticker device was fabricated by screen-printing. The polarization curve of the copper and tin-plated copper measured using the sticker device exhibited approximately the same behavior as that obtained for the conventional three-electrode system. The characteristics of various materials can be easily evaluated using this system by only dropping a small amount of solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Shitanda
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan. and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kaishi Miyazaki
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Noya Loew
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Esaka
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshinao Hoshi
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Itagaki
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan. and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Ichimura Y, Kuritsubo T, Nagamine K, Nomura A, Shitanda I, Tokito S. A fully screen-printed potentiometric chloride ion sensor employing a hydrogel-based touchpad for simple and non-invasive daily electrolyte analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1883-1891. [PMID: 33479820 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report demonstrating proof of concept for the passive, non-invasive extraction and in situ potentiometric detection of human sweat chloride ions (Cl- ions) using a stable printed planar liquid-junction reference electrode-integrated hydrogel-based touch-sensor pad without activities such as exercise to induce perspiration, environmental temperature control, or requiring cholinergic drug administration. The sensor pad was composed entirely of a screen-printed bare Ag/AgCl-based chloride ion-selective electrode and a planar liquid-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which were fully covered by an agarose hydrogel in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). When human skin contacted the hydrogel pad, sweat Cl- ions were continuously extracted into the gel, followed by in situ potentiometric detection. The planar liquid-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode had a polymer-based KCl-saturated inner electrolyte layer to stabilize the potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode even with a substantial change in the chloride ion concentration in the hydrogel pad. We expect this fully screen-printed sensor to achieve the low-cost passive and non-invasive daily monitoring of human Cl- ions in sweat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ichimura
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Kuritsubo
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Nagamine
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Ayako Nomura
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Shitanda
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
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Use of a charcoal salt bridge to a reference electrode in an alkaline solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Komoda M, Shitanda I, Hoshi Y, Itagaki M. Instantaneously usable screen-printed silver/silver sulfate reference electrode with long-term stability. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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