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Shi S, Chen S, Wang M, Guo B, He Y, Chen H. Clinical relevance of RNA editing profiles in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1084869. [PMID: 36999050 PMCID: PMC10043753 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1084869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequently occurring lung cancer worldwide, with increasing death rates. It belongs to the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) type and has a strong association with previous smoking history. Growing evidence has demonstrated the significance of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing (ATIRE) dysregulation in cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ATIRE events that might be clinically useful or tumorigenic.Methods: To explore survival-related ATIRE events in LUAD, its ATIRE profiles, gene expression data, and corresponding patients’ clinical information were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the synapse database. We evaluated 10441 ATIRE in 440 LUAD patients from the TCGA database. ATIRE profiles were merged with TCGA survival data. We selected prognostic ATIRE sites, using a univariate Cox analysis (p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression and lasso regression analysis were used to determine survival-related ATIRE sites, create risk ratings for those sites, and build a prognostic model and a nomogram for assessing overall survival (OS). Six ATIRE sites were used in the prognostic model construction and patients were randomly divided into a validation cohort (n = 176) and a training cohort (n = 264). The “Pheatmap” program was used to create risk curves that included risk score, survival time, and expression of ATIRE sites. We also determined the clinical prediction model’s discrimination. The decision curve analysis and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year corrective curves were simultaneously used to evaluate the nomogram. We also evaluated the relationship between the amount of ATIRE sites and host gene expression and the impact of ATIRE expression on transcriptome expression.Results: The pyroglutamyl-peptidase I (PGPEP1) chr19:18476416A > I, ankyrin repeat domain 36B pseudogene 1 (ANKRD36BP1) (dist = 3,795), T-box transcription factor (TBX19) (dist = 29815) chr1:168220463A > I, Syntrophin Beta 2 (SNTB2) chr16:69338598A > I, hook microtubule-tethering protein 3 (HOOK3) chr8:42883441A > I, NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein 3 (NDUFV3) chr21:44329452A > I, and FK506-binding protein 11 (FKBP11) chr12:49316769A > I were used in the prognostic model construction. High levels of risk score were significantly associated with worse OS and progression-free survival. Tumour stage and risk score were related to OS in LUAD patients. The predictors were among the prognostic nomogram model’s risk score, age, gender, and tumor stage. The calibration plot and C-index (0.718) demonstrated the significant accuracy of nomogram’s predictions. ATIRE level was markedly elevated in tumor tissues and was highly variable between patients.Conclusion: Events involving ATIRE in LUAD were highly functional and clinically relevant. The RNA editing-based model provides a solid framework for further investigation of the functions of RNA editing in non-coding areas and may be used as a unique method for predicting LUAD survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shi
- The Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shibin Chen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghang Wang
- The Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bingchen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaowu He
- The Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- The Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Chen,
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Alban L, Monteiro WF, Diz FM, Miranda GM, Scheid CM, Zotti ER, Morrone FB, Ligabue R. New quercetin-coated titanate nanotubes and their radiosensitization effect on human bladder cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110662. [PMID: 32204090 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interest in nanostructures such as titanate nanotubes (TNT) has grown notably in recent years due to their biocompatibility and economic viability, making them promising for application in the biomedical field. Quercetin (Qc) has shown great potential as a chemopreventive agent and has been widely studied for the treatment of diseases such as bladder cancer. Motivated by the possibilities of developing a new hybrid nanostructure with potential in biomedical applications, this study aimed to investigate the incorporation of quercetin in sodium (NaTNT) and zinc (ZnTNT) titanate nanotubes, and characterize the nanostructures formed. Qc release testing was also performed and cytotoxicity in Vero and T24 cell lines evaluated by the MTT assay. The effect of TNTs on T24 bladder cancer cell radiosensitivity was also assessed, using cell proliferation and a clonogenic assay. The TNT nanostructures were synthesized and characterized by FESEM, EDS, TEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA. The results showed that the nanostructures have a tubular structure and that the exchange of Na+ ions for Zn2+ and incorporation of quercetin did not alter this morphology. In addition, interaction between Zn and Qc increased the thermal stability of the nanostructures. The release test showed that maximum Qc delivery occurred after 24 h and the presence of Zn controlled its release. Biological assays indicated that the NaTNTQc and ZnTNTQc nanostructures decreased the viability of T24 cells after 48 h at high concentrations. Furthermore, the clonogenic assay showed that NaTNT, NaTNTQc, ZnTNT and ZnTNTQc combined with 5 Gy reduced the formation of polyclonal colonies of T24 cells after 48 h. The results suggest that the nanostructures synthesized in this study interfere in cell proliferation and can therefore be a powerful tool in the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Alban
- Graduate Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
| | - Wesley Formentin Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mendonça Diz
- Graduate Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Messias Miranda
- Graduate Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Majolo Scheid
- Graduate Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rosa Zotti
- School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Ligabue
- Graduate Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil; School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil.
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Doxycycline inhibits electric field-induced migration of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8094. [PMID: 31147570 PMCID: PMC6542854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most commonly diagnosed subtypes of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Numerous lung cancer cell types have exhibited electrotaxis under direct current electric fields (dcEF). Physiological electric fields (EF) play key roles in cancer cell migration. In this study, we investigated electrotaxis of NSCLC cells, including human large cell lung carcinoma NCI-H460 and human lung squamous cell carcinoma NCI-H520 cells. Non-cancerous MRC-5 lung fibroblasts were included as a control. After dcEF stimulation, NCI-H460 and NCI-H520 cells, which both exhibit epithelial-like morphology, migrated towards the cathode, while MRC-5 cells, which have fibroblast-like morphology, migrated towards the anode. The effect of doxycycline, a common antibiotic, on electrotaxis of MRC-5, NCI-H460 and NCI-H520 cells was examined. Doxycycline enhanced the tested cells’ motility but inhibited electrotaxis in the NSCLC cells without inhibiting non-cancerous MRC-5 cells. Based on our finding, further in-vivo studies could be devised to investigate the metastasis inhibition effect of doxycycline in an organism level.
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Sunil Gowda SN, Rajasowmiya S, Vadivel V, Banu Devi S, Celestin Jerald A, Marimuthu S, Devipriya N. Gallic acid-coated sliver nanoparticle alters the expression of radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small lung cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:170-177. [PMID: 29928970 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the most widely used treatment method for treating cancer with or without surgery and chemotherapy. In lung cancer, it is one of the important treatment steps in excising the tumor from the lung tissue; unfortunately, radiation can induce epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT), a typical physiological process in which cuboidal shaped epithelial cell loses its phenotype and acquires mesenchymal-like phenotype thus, increases the metastasis progression in the body. To prevent EMT mediated metastasis, we aimed to 1) synthesize silver nanoparticles by using Gallic acid, a potential antioxidant which acts as stabilizing and reducing agent in the form of silver nanoparticle (GA-AgNPs) 2) to analyze its effect on EMT markers during radiation-induced EMT in A549 cells. METHODS A549 cells were irradiated with 8Gy (X-ray) and treated with GA-AgNPs at a fixed concentration under in vitro condition. GA-AgNPs were prepared and characterized for absorption, potential stability, size and morphology by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Zeta potential and Transmission electron microscopy respectively. After irradiation, the morphology changes were observed using an inverted microscope, the gene and protein expression of EMT markers were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS/CONCLUSION GA-AgNPs are in nano size with fair stability. The synthesized nanoparticles suppressed the EMT markers including Vimentin, N-cadherin, Snail-1 and increased E-cadherin expression which might inhibit cancer cells to acquire radio resistant metastasis potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Sunil Gowda
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - S Rajasowmiya
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - S Banu Devi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - A Celestin Jerald
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - S Marimuthu
- Vishnu Cancer Center, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Devipriya
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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Im CN, Yun HH, Song B, Youn DY, Cui MN, Kim HS, Park GS, Lee JH. BIS-mediated STAT3 stabilization regulates glioblastoma stem cell-like phenotypes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35056-70. [PMID: 27145367 PMCID: PMC5085209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic and stem-like cells that are responsible for resistance to conventional therapy. Bcl-2-intreacting cell death suppressor (BIS; also known as BAG3) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in human cancers with various origins, including glioblastoma. In the present study, to investigate the role of BIS in GSC subpopulation, we examined the expression profile of BIS in A172 and U87-MG glioblastoma cell lines under specific in vitro culture conditions that enrich GSC-like cells in spheres. Both BIS mRNA and protein levels significantly increased under the sphere-forming condition as compared with standard culture conditions. BIS depletion resulted in notable decreases in sphere-forming activity and was accompanied with decreases in SOX-2 expression. The expression of STAT3, a master regulator of stemness, also decreased following BIS depletion concomitant with decreases in the nuclear levels of active phosphorylated STAT3, while ectopic STAT3 overexpression resulted in recovery of sphere-forming activity in BIS-knockdown glioblastoma cells. Additionally, immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy revealed that BIS physically interacts with STAT3. Furthermore, BIS depletion increased STAT3 ubiquitination, suggesting that BIS is necessary for STAT3 stabilization in GSC-like cells. BIS depletion also affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes as evidenced by decrease in SNAIL and MMP-2 expression and increase in E-cadherin expression in GSC-like cells. Our findings suggest that high levels of BIS expression might confer stem-cell-like properties on cancer cells through STAT3 stabilization, indicating that BIS is a potential target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Nim Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byunghoo Song
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ye Youn
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mei Nu Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Sug Kim
- NGS Clinical Department, Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Sin Park
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Chen H, Sun X, Wang GD, Nagata K, Hao Z, Wang A, Li Z, Xie J, Shen B. LiGa 5O 8:Cr-based theranostic nanoparticles for imaging-guided X-ray induced photodynamic therapy of deep-seated tumors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2017; 4:1092-1101. [PMID: 31528350 PMCID: PMC6746429 DOI: 10.1039/c7mh00442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using X-ray as the irradiation source, a photodynamic therapy process can be initiated from under deep tissues. This technology, referred to as X-ray induced PDT, or X-PDT, holds great potential to treat tumors at internal organs. To this end, one question is how to navigate the treatment to tumors with accuracy with external irradiation. Herein we address the issue with a novel, LiGa5O8: Cr (LGO:Cr)-based nanoscintillator, which emits persistent, near-infrared X-ray luminescence. This permits deep-tissue optical imaging that can be employed to guide irradiation. Specifically, we encapsulated LGO:Cr nanoparticles and a photosensitizer, 2,3-naphthalocyanine, into mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were conjugated with cetuximab and systemically injected into H1299 orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer tumor models. The nanoconjugates can efficiently home to tumors in the lung, confirmed by monitoring X-ray luminescence from LGO:Cr. Guided by the imaging, external irradiation was applied, leading to efficient tumor suppression while minimally affecting normal tissues. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate, with systematically injected nanoparticles, that X-PDT can suppress growth of deep-seated tumors. The imaging guidance is also new to X-PDT, and is significant to the further transformation of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Chen
- Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Geoffrey D. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Koichi Nagata
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhonglin Hao
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- ΔDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Corresponding Author: .
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
- Corresponding Author: .
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Zhou Q, Chen J, Feng J, Xu Y, Zheng W, Wang J. SOSTDC1 inhibits follicular thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration, and EMT via suppressing PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:87-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jun HY, Kim TH, Choi JW, Lee YH, Lee KK, Yoon KH. Evaluation of connectivity map-discovered celastrol as a radiosensitizing agent in a murine lung carcinoma model: Feasibility study of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178204. [PMID: 28542649 PMCID: PMC5441657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to identify potential radiosensitizing (RS) agents for combined radio- and chemotherapy in a murine model of human lung carcinoma, and to evaluate the in vivo effect of the RS agents using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). Radioresistance-associated genes in A549 and H460 cells were isolated on the basis of their gene expression profiles. Celastrol was selected as a candidate RS by using connectivity mapping, and its efficacy in lung cancer radiotherapy was tested. Mice inoculated with A549 carcinoma cells were treated with single ionizing radiation (SIR), single celastrol (SC), or celastrol-combined ionizing radiation (CCIR). Changes in radiosensitization over time were assessed using DW-MRI before and at 3, 6, and 12 days after therapy initiation. The tumors were stained with hematoxylin and eosin at 6 and 12 days after therapy. The percentage change in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the CCIR group was significantly higher than that in the SC and SIR group on the 12th day (Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.05; Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.05). A significant correlation (Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient of 0.713, p = 0.001) was observed between the mean percentage tumor necrotic area and the mean ADC values after therapy initiation. These results suggest that the novel radiosensitizing agent celastrol has therapeutic effects when combined with ionizing radiation (IR), thereby maximizing the therapeutic effect of radiation in non–small cell lung carcinoma. In addition, DW-MRI is a useful noninvasive tool to monitor the effects of RS agents by assessing cellularity changes and sequential therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Young Jun
- Imaging Science Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Imaging Science Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Kyung Hee University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Kyoo Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Imaging Science Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Heat Shock Factor 1 Depletion Sensitizes A172 Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide via Suppression of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020468. [PMID: 28241425 PMCID: PMC5344000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a transcription factor activated by various stressors, regulates proliferation and apoptosis by inducing expression of target genes, such as heat shock proteins and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) interacting cell death suppressor (BIS). HSF1 also directly interacts with BIS, although it is still unclear whether this interaction is critical in the regulation of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In this study, we examined whether small interfering RNA-mediated BIS knockdown decreased protein levels of HSF1 and subsequent nuclear localization under GSC-like sphere (SP)-forming conditions. Consistent with BIS depletion, HSF1 knockdown also reduced sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) expression, a marker of stemness, accompanying the decrease in SP-forming ability and matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) activity. When HSF1 or BIS knockdown was combined with temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, a standard drug used in glioblastoma therapy, apoptosis increased, as measured by an increase in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, whereas cancer stem-like properties, such as colony-forming activity and SOX2 protein expression, decreased. Taken together, our findings suggest that targeting BIS or HSF1 could be a viable therapeutic strategy for GSCs resistant to conventional TMZ treatment.
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Wang GD, Nguyen HT, Chen H, Cox PB, Wang L, Nagata K, Hao Z, Wang A, Li Z, Xie J. X-Ray Induced Photodynamic Therapy: A Combination of Radiotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2295-2305. [PMID: 27877235 PMCID: PMC5118595 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT)'s clinical application is limited by depth of penetration by light. To address the issue, we have recently developed X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) which utilizes X-ray as an energy source to activate a PDT process. In addition to breaking the shallow tissue penetration dogma, our studies found more efficient tumor cell killing with X-PDT than with radiotherapy (RT) alone. The mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity, however, have not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigate the mechanisms of action of X-PDT on cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that X-PDT is more than just a PDT derivative but is essentially a PDT and RT combination. The two modalities target different cellular components (cell membrane and DNA, respectively), leading to enhanced therapy effects. As a result, X-PDT not only reduces short-term viability of cancer cells but also their clonogenecity in the long-run. From this perspective, X-PDT can also be viewed as a unique radiosensitizing method, and as such it affords clear advantages over RT in tumor therapy, especially for radioresistant cells. This is demonstrated not only in vitro but also in vivo with H1299 tumors that were either subcutaneously inoculated or implanted into the lung of mice. These findings and advances are of great importance to the developments of X-PDT as a novel treatment modality against cancer.
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Wang S, Ma Y, Wang P, Song Z, Liu B, Sun X, Zhang H, Yu J. Knockdown of PKM2 Enhances Radiosensitivity of Non-small cell Lung Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 73:21-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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