1
|
Harapan H, Ar Royan H, Tyas II, Nadira A, Abdi IF, Anwar S, Husnah M, Ichsan I, Pranata A, Mudatsir M, Syukri M, Rizal S, . R, . H, Kurniawan R, Irwansyah I, Sofyan SE. Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain total antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia. F1000Res 2023; 11:300. [PMID: 37260419 PMCID: PMC10209622 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109676.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) total antibody in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody was measured using Elecsys immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the antibody titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 U/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 U/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with titre of antibody. A protective level of antibody titres (threshold of 15 U/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres, respectively. The titre of antibody was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 U/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 U/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Hibban Ar Royan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Islam Ing Tyas
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Auda Nadira
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Irham Faraby Abdi
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Milda Husnah
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Agung Pranata
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Maimun Syukri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Razali .
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Hamdani .
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Kurniawan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Irwansyah Irwansyah
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Sarwo Edhy Sofyan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fisher DJ, Burdett S, Vale C, White IR, Tierney JF. Duplicated network meta-analysis in advanced prostate cancer: a case study and recommendations for change. Syst Rev 2022; 11:274. [PMID: 36527153 PMCID: PMC9755764 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research overlap and duplication is a recognised problem in the context of both pairwise and network systematic reviews and meta-analyses. As a case study, we carried out a scoping review to identify and examine duplicated network meta-analyses (NMAs) in a specific disease setting where several novel therapies have recently emerged: hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (mHSPC). METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched, in January 2020, for indirect or mixed treatment comparisons or network meta-analyses of the systemic treatments docetaxel and abiraterone acetate in the mHSPC setting, with a time-to-event outcome reported on the hazard-ratio scale. Eligibility decisions were made, and data extraction performed, by two independent reviewers. RESULTS A total of 13 eligible reviews were identified, analysing between 3 and 8 randomised comparisons, and comprising between 1773 and 7844 individual patients. Although the included trials and treatments showed a high degree of overlap, we observed considerable variation between identified reviews in terms of review aims, eligibility criteria and included data, statistical methodology, reporting and inference. Furthermore, crucial methodological details and specific source data were often unclear. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Variation across duplicated NMAs, together with reporting inadequacies, may compromise identification of best-performing treatments. Particularly in fast-moving fields, review authors should be aware of all relevant studies, and of other reviews with potential for overlap or duplication. We recommend that review protocols be published in advance, with greater clarity regarding the specific aims or scope of the project, and that reports include information on how the work builds upon existing knowledge. Source data and results should be clearly and completely presented to allow unbiased interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Fisher
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, Unversity College London, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Sarah Burdett
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, Unversity College London, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Claire Vale
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, Unversity College London, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Ian R White
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, Unversity College London, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Jayne F Tierney
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, Unversity College London, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ogunsakin RE, Ebenezer O, Jordaan MA, Shapi M, Ginindza TG. Mapping Scientific Productivity Trends and Hotspots in Remdesivir Research Publications: A Bibliometric Study from 2016 to 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148845. [PMID: 35886696 PMCID: PMC9318242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In response to global efforts to control and exterminate infectious diseases, this study aims to provide insight into the productivity of remdesivir research and highlight future directions. To achieve this, there is a need to summarize and curate evidence from the literature. As a result, this study carried out comprehensive scientific research to detect trends in published articles related to remdesivir using a bibliometric analysis. Keywords associated with remdesivir were used to access pertinent published articles using the Scopus database. A total of 5321 research documents were retrieved, primarily as novel research articles (n = 2440; 46%). The number of publications increased exponentially from 2020 up to the present. The papers published by the top 12 institutions focusing on remdesivir accounted for 25.69% of the overall number of articles. The USA ranked as the most productive country, with 906 documents (37.1%), equivalent to one-third of the global publications in this field. The most productive institution was Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, in the USA (103 publications). The New England Journal of Medicine was the most cited, with an h-index of 13. The publication of research on remdesivir has gained momentum in the past year. The importance of remdesivir suggests that it needs continued research to help global health organizations detect areas requiring instant action to implement suitable measures. Furthermore, this study offers evolving hotspots and valuable insights into the scientific advances in this field and provides scaling-up analysis and evidence diffusion on remdesivir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ropo E. Ogunsakin
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Oluwakemi Ebenezer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi 4031, South Africa; (O.E.); (M.A.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Maryam A. Jordaan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi 4031, South Africa; (O.E.); (M.A.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Shapi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi 4031, South Africa; (O.E.); (M.A.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Themba G. Ginindza
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yousif M, Abd El-Raheem G, Mohamed D. Use of Remdesivir in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among Sudanese patients: a case series. F1000Res 2022; 10:512. [PMID: 35387271 PMCID: PMC8941288 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51375.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting populations worldwide. Remdesivir is an anti-retroviral agent, with a broad spectrum of usage. Remdesivir usage against COVID-19 had been studied both
in vitro and
in vivo but is still considered a new treatment for COVID-19 and is not available in all countries. The aim of our study was to report several cases of the use of Remdesivir in Sudanese patients and report the adverse events related to the course of treatment. Methods: A case series study was conducted in Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan reporting two cases who received Remdesivir for treating COVID-19 besides other treatments such as steroids and supportive therapy in December 2020. Cases were males aged over 65 years. Cases presentation: Both patients were severe cases of COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), who received Remdesivir for treating COVID-19 infection. Several side effects were reported: the first case had increased liver enzymes and then unexpectedly died from severe resistant hypotension; and hypoalbuminemia was noticed in the second case. Conclusions: Remdesivir use among patients in Sudan must be studied extensively in order to determine the unexpected fatal event and assess the association of this event to Remdesivir use, as well as to report the frequency of the side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maysoun Yousif
- Emergency, Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
| | - Ghada Abd El-Raheem
- Pharmacy, Imperial Hospital, Military Hospital, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
| | - Doaa Mohamed
- Emergency Department, Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2. In light of in vitro efficacy, several medications were repurposed for its management. During clinical use, many of these medications produced inconsistent results or had varying limitations. Objective The purpose of this literature review is to explain the variable efficacy or limitations of Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Favipiravir in clinical settings. Method A study of the literature on the pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), safety profile, and clinical trials through academic databases using relevant search terms. Results & discussion The efficacy of an antiviral drug against COVID-19 is associated with its ability to achieve therapeutic concentration in the lung and intestinal tissues. This efficacy depends on the PK properties, particularly protein binding, volume of distribution, and half-life. The PK and PD of the model drugs need to be integrated to predict their limitations. Conclusion Current antiviral drugs have varying pharmacological constraints that may associate with limited efficacy, especially in severe COVID-19 patients, or safety concerns.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abd El-Raheem GOH, Mohamed DSI, Yousif MAA, Elamin HES. Characteristics and severity of COVID-19 among Sudanese patients during the waves of the pandemic. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021; 14:e01033. [PMID: 34729446 PMCID: PMC8553365 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with marked morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 symptoms ranged from mild symptoms to severe pneumonia requiring admission to intensive care unit. Imperial College reported that, this second wave in Khartoum is expected to be similar to the first wave. The aim of our study was to study the characteristics and severity of COVID-19 among Sudanese patients during the waves of the pandemic. A hospital-based analytical Cross-Sectional study assessed the characteristics of COVID-19 patients who attended Imperial Hospital since November 2020, Khartoum, Sudan. Data were collected, retrospectively, from the medical records of COVID-19 patients. The characteristics of the patients were recorded. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-23) was used to describe and analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used; tests were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Of the 138 participants, 75.4% were aged above 60 years. Males were 61.6%. Severe cases were 37.7%, with higher rate in the third wave (p = 0.000). Duration of hospitalization was ≤ 5 days in 60.9% of the cases, majority were from the 2nd wave (p = 0.001). Comorbidities of COVID-19 patients were more among non-severe cases (p = 0.001). COVID-19 symptoms were more prevalent in non-severe cases. Complications were more in severe cases (p = 0.000). Odds ratio of having ischemic stroke was 6.833 [95%CI: 2.092-22.321] based on COVID-19 severity. The elderly population were the majority. More males were getting admitted. Atypical symptoms were reported beside the common symptoms. Wider multi-center studies are recommended in order to complete the big picture of COVID-19 in Sudan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Omer Hamad Abd El-Raheem
- Pharmacy Department, American Board Certified Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Doaa Salih Ibrahim Mohamed
- Emergency Department, Senior Medical Officer, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maysoun Ahmed Awad Yousif
- Emergency Department, Senior Medical Officer, Imperial Specialized Hospital, Alsharif Alhindi street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hind Eltayeb Salih Elamin
- Full Membership of Royal College of Physicians in London, Certificate in Research Methodology, Harvard University, Physician in Abu Dhabi Telemedicine Center, P.O. Box 147722, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yousif M, Abd El-Raheem G, Mohamed D. Use of Remdesivir in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among Sudanese patients: a case series. F1000Res 2021; 10:512. [PMID: 35387271 PMCID: PMC8941288 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51375.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting populations worldwide. Remdesivir is an anti-retroviral agent, with a broad spectrum of usage. Remdesivir usage against COVID-19 had been studied both in vitro and in vivo but is still considered a new treatment for COVID-19 and is not available in all countries. The aim of our study was to report several cases of the use of Remdesivir in Sudanese patients and report the adverse events related to the course of treatment. Methods: A case series study was conducted in Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan reporting two cases who received Remdesivir for treating COVID-19 besides other treatments such as steroids and supportive therapy in December 2020. Cases were males aged over 65 years. Cases presentation: Both patients were severe cases of COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), who received Remdesivir for treating COVID-19 infection. Several side effects were reported: the first case had increased liver enzymes and then unexpectedly died from severe resistant hypotension; and hypoalbuminemia was noticed in the second case. Conclusions: Remdesivir use among patients in Sudan must be studied extensively in order to determine the unexpected fatal event and assess the association of this event to Remdesivir use, as well as to report the frequency of the side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maysoun Yousif
- Emergency, Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
| | - Ghada Abd El-Raheem
- Pharmacy, Imperial Hospital, Military Hospital, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
| | - Doaa Mohamed
- Emergency Department, Imperial Hospital, Khartoum, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuan X, Li X. Pledging Patent Rights for Fighting Against the COVID-19: From the Ethical and Efficiency Perspective. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2021; 179:683-696. [PMID: 34177015 PMCID: PMC8211307 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-021-04873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In response to the great crises of the COVID-19 coronavirus, virtually all new technologies protected by patent rights have been used in practice from diagnostics, therapeutic, medical equipment, and vaccine to prevention, tracking, and containment of COVID-19. However, the moral justification of patent rights is questioned when pharmaceutical patents conflict with public health. This paper proposes a revised approach of deciding on how to address the conflicts between business ethics and patent protections and then compares the different mechanisms of clearing patent thickets. Our findings highlight that patent pledges may not only contribute to achieving the maximized substantive justice of the public but also help patent pledgors fulfill procedural justice. The advantages of patent pledges have attracted many patent holders to make public statements during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, the disadvantages of a free license may make patent pledges not sustainable for a long time without the related supporting measures. Our findings will be helpful for policymakers or company managers to make an appropriate decision on rationally utilizing patent portfolios for fighting against public health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yuan
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- School of Literature, Law and Economics, Wuhan University of Science and Technology (WUST), Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Masaeed M, Alghawanmeh M, Al-Singlawi A, Alsababha R, Alqudah M. An Examination of COVID-19 Medications' Effectiveness in Managing and Treating COVID-19 Patients: A Comparative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:557. [PMID: 34068474 PMCID: PMC8151388 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The review seeks to shed light on the administered and recommended COVID-19 treatment medications through an evaluation of their efficacy. Methods: Data were collected from key databases, including Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. Other platforms included WHO and FDA publications. The review's literature search was guided by the WHO solidarity clinical trials for COVID-19 scope and trial-assessment parameters. Results: The findings indicate that the use of antiretroviral drugs as an early treatment for COVID-19 patients has been useful. It has reduced hospital time, hastened the clinical cure period, delayed and reduced the need for mechanical and invasive ventilation, and reduced mortality rates. The use of vitamins, minerals, and supplements has been linked to increased immunity and thus offering the body a fighting chance. Nevertheless, antibiotics do not correlate with improving patients' wellbeing and are highly discouraged from the developed clinical trials. Conclusions: The review demonstrates the need for additional clinical trials with a randomized, extensive sample base and over a more extended period to examine the potential side effects of the medications administered. Critically, the findings underscore the need for vaccination as the only viable medication to limit the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Masaeed
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia;
| | | | | | - Rawan Alsababha
- School of nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2560, Australia;
| | - Muhammad Alqudah
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tani H, Kimura M, Tan L, Yoshida Y, Ozawa T, Kishi H, Fukushi S, Saijo M, Sano K, Suzuki T, Kawasuji H, Ueno A, Miyajima Y, Fukui Y, Sakamaki I, Yamamoto Y, Morinaga Y. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a vesicular stomatitis virus possessing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Virol J 2021; 18:16. [PMID: 33435994 PMCID: PMC7801864 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that emerged in 2019 and is now classified in the genus Coronavirus with closely related SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is highly pathogenic in humans and is classified as a biosafety level (BSL)-3 pathogen, which makes manipulating it relatively difficult due to its infectious nature. Methods To circumvent the need for BSL-3 laboratories, an alternative assay was developed that avoids live virus and instead uses a recombinant VSV expressing luciferase and possesses the full length or truncated spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, to measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies under BSL2 conditions, a chemiluminescence reduction neutralization test (CRNT) for SARS-CoV-2 was developed. The neutralization values of the serum samples collected from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative donors against the pseudotyped virus infection evaluated by the CRNT were compared with antibody titers determined from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Results The CRNT, which used whole blood collected from hospitalized patients with COVID-19, was also examined. As a result, the inhibition of pseudotyped virus infection was specifically observed in both serum and whole blood and was also correlated with the results of the IFA. Conclusions In conclusion, the CRNT for COVID-19 is a convenient assay system that can be performed in a BSL-2 laboratory with high specificity and sensitivity for evaluating the occurrence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. .,Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Kimura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyajima
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fukui
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ippei Sakamaki
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gupta AK, Parker BM, Priyadarshi V, Parker J. Cardiac Adverse Events With Remdesivir in COVID-19 Infection. Cureus 2020; 12:e11132. [PMID: 33240723 PMCID: PMC7682945 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, coronavirus has gradually progressed to a pandemic with no efficacious treatment. Remdesivir is an antiviral medication and inhibitor of viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase with inhibitory action against SARS-CoV virus. Two patients diagnosed with coronavirus infection with worsening respiratory status were initiated with multimodality therapy with antibiotics, steroids and remdesivir. After initiation of remdesivir, the patients' developed bradycardia, with one of the two also showing signs of worsening QT interval. This reverted upon stopping remdesvir therapy. The prevalence of bradycardia with prolonged QT interval is not well-known yet with this medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Parker
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AdventHealth Altamonte, Altamonte Springs, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Musa A, Warbasse E, Baron DA, Pendi K, Hashemi A, Yousif J, Blodget E, Stevens S, Aly B, Khambati A, Kouyoumjian S. Addendum to Systematic Review of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19. West J Emerg Med 2020; 21:742-743. [PMID: 32726231 PMCID: PMC7390570 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.48121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Musa
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Musa Biomedical Consulting, LLC, Anaheim, California
| | | | - David A Baron
- Western University of Health Sciences, Office of the Provost, Pomona, California
| | - Kasim Pendi
- Southern California University of Health Sciences, School of Professional Studies, Whittier, California
| | - Areio Hashemi
- William Carey University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - Jenna Yousif
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Emily Blodget
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan Stevens
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Besma Aly
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alisha Khambati
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sarkis Kouyoumjian
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|