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Esmaeili-Khoshmardan M, Dabiri H, Rafiee M, Eslami A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Amereh F, Jahangiri-Rad M, Hashemi A. Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility profile in full-scale hospital wastewater treatment plants. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 90:103-123. [PMID: 39007309 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance has become a matter of great concern, with many bacteria now resist multiple antibiotics. This study depicts the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and resistance patterns in five full-scale hospital wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Samples of raw influent wastewater, as well as pre- and post-disinfected effluents, were monitored for targeted ARB and resistance genes in September 2022 and February 2023. Shifts in resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii antimicrobial-resistant indicators in the treated effluent compared to that in the raw wastewater were also worked out. Ceftazidime (6.78 × 105 CFU/mL) and cefotaxime (6.14 × 105 CFU/mL) resistant species showed the highest concentrations followed by ciprofloxacin (6.29 × 104 CFU/mL), and gentamicin (4.88 × 104 CFU/mL), in raw influent respectively. WWTP-D employing a combination of biological treatment and coagulation/clarification for wastewater decontamination showed promising results for reducing ARB emissions from wastewater. Relationships between treated effluent quality parameters and ARB loadings showed that high BOD5 and nitrate levels were possibly contributing to the persistence and/or selection of ARBs in WWTPs. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility tests of targeted species revealed dynamic shifts in resistance profiles through treatment processes, highlighting the potential for ARB and ARGs in hospital wastewater to persist or amplify during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Esmaeili-Khoshmardan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Akbar Eslami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amereh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Jahangiri-Rad
- Water Purification Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Khoshbayan A, Golmoradi Zadeh R, Taati Moghadam M, Mirkalantari S, Darbandi A. Molecular determination of O25b/ST131 clone type among extended spectrum β-lactamases production Escherichia coli recovering from urinary tract infection isolates. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:35. [PMID: 35927655 PMCID: PMC9351160 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli (E. coli) O25b/ST131 clone causes urinary tract infection (UTI) and is associated with a broad spectrum of other infections, such as intra-abdominal and soft tissue infections, that can be affecting bloodstream infections. Therefore, since O25b/ST131 has been reported in several studies from Iran, in the current study, we have investigated the molecular characteristics, typing, and biofilm formation of O25b/ST131 clone type E. coli collected from UTI specimens. Methods A total of 173 E. coli isolates from UTI were collected. The susceptibility to all fourth generations of cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime) and ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam and aztreonam was determined. Class A ESBLs, class D ESBL and the presence of pabB gene screenings to detect of O25b/ST131 clone type were performed by using of PCR. Biofilm formation was compared between O25b/ST131 isolates and non-O25b/ST131 isolates. Finally, ERIC-PCR was used for typing of ESBL positive isolates. Results Ninety-four ESBL positive were detected of which 79 of them were O25b/ST131. Antimicrobial susceptibility test data showed that most antibiotics had a higher rate of resistance in isolates of the O25b/ST131 clonal type. Biofilm formation showed that there was a weak association between O25b/ST131 clone type isolates and the level of the biofilm formation. ERIC-PCR results showed that E. coli isolates were genetically diverse and classified into 14 groups. Conclusion Our results demonstrated the importance and high prevalence of E. coli O25b/ST131 among UTI isolates with the ability to spread fast and disseminate antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Khoshbayan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Golmoradi Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ajuga MU, Otokunefor K, Agbagwa OE. Antibiotic resistance and ESBL production in Escherichia coli from various sources in Aba metropolis, Nigeria. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2021; 45:173. [PMID: 34690489 PMCID: PMC8524398 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-021-00628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogenic bacteria responsible for infectious diseases has led to lack of effectiveness of some antibiotics. The ability of Escherichia coli to harbor resistant genes has made the treatment of infections a major challenge. This study was carried out to assess antibiotic resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production of E. coli from various sources in Aba metropolis, Nigeria. RESULTS From a total of 350 samples collected from clinical and non-clinical sources, 137 were presumptively identified as E. coli by standard phenotypic methods and 83 were confirmed as E. coli by the detection of E. coli specific 16S rRNA gene fragments. The majority of these isolates (52, 62.7%) were from non-clinical sources. The clinical isolates, however, exhibited a higher level of resistance against 62.5% of tested antibiotics. Both group of isolates exhibited similar levels (58.1% vs 53.9%) of MDR, though. A low rate of ESBL production was observed (1.2%) following phenotypic detection of ESBL-producing abilities using the double-disc synergy test. An assessment of the presence of three beta-lactamase gene genotypes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) revealed that none of the three predominant ESBL genotypes was identified in this study. CONCLUSIONS This study reports high levels of antibiotic resistance in both clinical and non-clinical E. coli isolates. Though higher rates of resistance were observed among the non-clinical isolates, both group of organisms had similar levels of MDR. Strikingly, however, was the low level of ESBL producers detected in this study and the absence of the three main genotypes associated with ESBL production in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Uzoaru Ajuga
- Department of Microbiology, Abia State Polytechnic, P.M.B 7166, Aba, Nigeria
| | - Kome Otokunefor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B.5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Rasoulinasab M, Shahcheraghi F, Feizabadi MM, Nikmanesh B, Hajihasani A, Sabeti S, Aslani MM. Distribution of Pathogenicity Island Markers and H-Antigen Types of Escherichia coli O25b/ST131 Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:369-382. [PMID: 32716242 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli serogroup O25b-sequence type 131 (E. coli O25b/ST131) is known as a multidrug-resistant organism with high virulence potential and has received attention internationally. We aim to investigate the prevalence of O25b/ST131 and the distribution of blaCTX-M-15, pathogenicity island (PAI) markers, phylogenetic groups, and H-antigen typing in the E. coli O25b/ST131 isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Seventy (26.9%) E. coli isolates were identified as O25b/ST131. There was also a significant difference in the prevalence of virulence genes, including papA, sfa, sat, cnf1, iutA, kpMII, traT, and usp, in the O25b/ST131 isolates rather than non-O25b/ST131 ones (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, 78% of the O25b/ST131 isolates carried four to seven PAIs, while 71% of non-O25b/ST131 isolates carried two to four PAI markers (p ≤ 0.05). Our study showed that in addition to H4, other H-antigens may play a role in the O25b/ST131 virulence potential. Besides, a significant association was found between the history of previous UTIs and infection among the O25b/ST131 clone isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed circulating of O25b:H4-ST131/PST43 clone in both hospital and community. Approximately one in every three uropathogenic E. coli isolates was the O25b/ST131 clone, representing a significant public health threat. Practical investigation on O25b/ST131 can be helpful in better understanding of ST131 evolution and controlling UTI in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azade Hajihasani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Sabeti
- Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Detection of IS903, IS26 and ISEcp1 Elements in CTX-M-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Isolates From Patients with Leukemia in Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.58929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Insertional inactivation of oprD in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients in Tehran, Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 21:75-80. [PMID: 29234497 PMCID: PMC5722278 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the insertion sequence ISPpu21 in the oprD porin gene of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from burn patients in Tehran, Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility tests for P. aeruginosa isolates were determined. Production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and carbapenemase was evaluated and the β-lactamase-encoding and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes were investigated by PCR and sequencing methods. The mRNA transcription level of oprD and mex efflux pump genes were evaluated by real-time PCR. The outer membrane protein profile was determined by SDS–PAGE. The genetic relationship between the P. aeruginosa isolates was assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR. In all, 10.52% (10/95) of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa harboured the ISPpu21 insertion element in the oprD gene. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding gene in ISPpu21-carrying isolates was blaTEM. PCR assays targeting MBL and carbapenemase-encoding genes were also negative in all ten isolates. The rmtA, aadA, aadB and armA genes were positive in all ISPpu21 harbouring isolates. The relative expression levels of the mexX, mexB, mexT and mexD genes in ten isolates ranged from 0.1- to 1.4-fold, 1.1- to 3.68-fold, 0.3- to 8.22-fold and 1.7- to 35.17-fold, respectively. The relative expression levels of the oprD in ten isolates ranged from 0.57- to 35.01-fold, which was much higher than those in the control strain P. aeruginosa PAO1. Evaluation of the outer membrane protein by SDS–PAGE suggested that oprD was produced at very low levels by all isolates. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR genotyping, eight of the ten isolates containing ISPpu21 were shown to be clonally related. The present study describes a novel molecular mechanism, ISPpu21 insertion of the oprD gene, associated with carbapenem resistance in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates.
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The First Report of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Genes in an Escherichia coli Isolate from a One-Month-Old Infant with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.57592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rahdar M, Rashki A, Miri HR, Rashki Ghalehnoo M. Detection of pap, sfa, afa, foc, and fim Adhesin-Encoding Operons in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates Collected From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e22647. [PMID: 26464770 PMCID: PMC4600570 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.22647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) with its virulence factors is the most prevalent cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Objectives; This study aimed to determine the occurrence of fim, pap, sfa, and afa genes among 100 UPEC isolates collected from patients diagnosed with UTI. Materials and Methods A total of 100 UPEC isolates were obtained from urine samples of patients with UTI. The prevalence of 5 virulence genes encoding type 1 fimbriae (fimH), pili associated with pyelonephritis (pap), S and F1C fimbriae (sfa and foc) and afimbrial adhesins (afa) were determined through PCR method. We also investigated the phylogenetic background of all isolates. In addition, the distribution of adhesin-encoding operons between the phylogroups was assessed. Results: The prevalence of genes encoding for fimbrial adhesive systems was 95% for fim, 57% for pap, 16% for foc, and 81% for sfa. The operons encoding for afa afimbrial adhesins were identified in 12% of isolates. The various combinations of detected genes were designated as virulence patterns. The fim gene, which occurred in strains from all phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) was evaluated and no significant differences were found among these groups. Conversely, significant differences were observed in relation to pap, afa, foc, and sfa operons. Conclusions: These results indicate that the PCR method is a powerful genotypic assay for the detection of adhesin-encoding operons. Thus, this assay can be recommended for clinical use to detect virulent urinary E. coli strains, as well as epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahdar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, IR Iran
| | - Ahmad Rashki
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Vet-Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ahmad Rashki, Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Vet-Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9151970877, Fax: +98-5424822251, E-mail:
| | - Hamid Reza Miri
- Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, IR Iran
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