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Abbasian S, Heidari H, Abbasi Tadi D, Kardan-Yamchi J, Taji A, Darbandi A, Asadollahi P, Maleki A, Kazemian H. Epidemiology of first- and second-line drugs-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 35:100430. [PMID: 38560029 PMCID: PMC10981085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains is a growing concern in developing countries. We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies in Iran on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase until June 12, 2020. Our study focused on determining the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in MTB isolates, with subgroup analyses based on year, location, and drug susceptibility testing (DST) methods. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA software. Our meta-analysis included a total of 47 articles. Among new TB cases, we found the following prevalence rates: Any-resistance to first-line drugs: 31 % (95 % CI, 24-38), mono-drug resistance: 15 % (95 % CI, 10-22), and multidrug resistance to first-line drugs: 6 % (95 % CI, 4-8). There was a significant variation in the rate of MDR among new TB cases based on the year of publication, location, and DST methods (P < 0.0001). We observed substantial variability in multidrug-resistant TB rates among new cases across the studies. Stratified analyses revealed that publication years and DST methods significantly affected resistance rates. Studies from southern and central Iran reported higher any-drug resistance rates, suggesting regional differences. Among retreatment cases, the prevalence rates were as follows: Any resistance: 68 % (95 % CI 58-78), mono-resistance: 19 % (95 % CI 7-34), multidrug resistance: 28 % (95 % CI 15-43). Our study revealed that the prevalence of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) among TB cases in Iran is higher than the global average. Particularly, MDR-TB among retreatment TB cases is a significant public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abbasian
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Danyal Abbasi Tadi
- Department of Veterinary, Azad University of Shahr-e Kord, Shahr-e Kord, Iran
| | - Jalil Kardan-Yamchi
- Quality Control and Screening Management Office, Deputy of Technical and New Technologies, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Taji
- International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Heidari M, Dashtbin S, Asadi A, Asadollahi P, Khatib A, Ebrahimi MA, Ghanbari Z, Darbandi A, Ghanavati R, Pakzad R. Prevalence of linezolid resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38497912 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to understand the current level of linezolid (LNZ) resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates reported over the past 10 years. Material & methods: An electronic search was conducted for the following keywords: ((Streptococcus pneumoniae [title/abstract]) OR (Pneumococcus [title/abstract]) OR (Pneumococci [title/abstract]) AND (linezolid [title/abstract]) OR (Zyvox [title/abstract])) OR (Zyvoxid [title/abstract])). Result: Out of all the studies, 80 had a cross-sectional design, while 11 followed a cohort approach. The prevalence of LNZ resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates ranged from 0% to 4.86%. Discussion: Urgent, high-powered, randomized, controlled trials with participants from endemic regions are needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact on and significance of LNZ treatment to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Heidari
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Khatib
- Department of Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, Yazd branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Ghanbari
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- School of Medicine, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Koupaei M, Asadi A, Mahdizade Ari M, Seyyedi ZS, Mohammadi F, Afifi Rad R, Ghanavati R, Rezaei Khozani N, Darbandi A, Masjedian Jazi F. Secondary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116105. [PMID: 38147789 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the development of secondary bacterial infection and risk factors associated with it in critical COVID-19 patients, and to identify the most common pathogen groups in them. All the cohort studies were retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and MEDLINE from the inception of COVID-19 to 2022 for the following keywords: 'Klebsiella" AND "COVID-19". The most common comorbidities among the patients with COVID-19 were respiratory disease (33.62%), obesity (28.99%), and heart disease or cardiovascular disease (16.31%). We report 42.91% rate of Klebsiella spp co-infection in ICU admission patients, mostly related to K. pneumonia (26.81%), K. aerogenes (9.4%), and K. oxytoca (6.7%). The overall incidence of bacterial infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is estimated at 15.5% and in 32.5% of cases of co-infection patients deceased. The threat of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infections in patients with COVID-19 is imminent, therefore rational antibiotic therapy based on antibiotic sensitivity test should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Koupaei
- Department of immunology and microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medica Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Seyyedi
- Department of immunology and microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fahime Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Afifi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Rezaei Khozani
- Department of immunology and microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Heidari H, Kalantari P, Sholeh M, Pour SH, Darbandi A, Maleki A, Ghaysouri A, Kazemian H. Trends in the Antibiotic Resistance of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health 2023; 52:2286-2298. [PMID: 38106824 PMCID: PMC10719700 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i11.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections have been continuously increasing as major concerns of public health in Iran. Because innate resistance of NTM species, the treatment of these infections is difficult task, but until now resistance pattern of NTM and suitable regimens are not determined. Methods We systematically searched the relevant studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (Until Dec 2022). All statistical analyses were carried out using the statistical package R. Results Eleven studies included in the analysis were performed in 6 provinces and investigated 1223 NTM clinical species. The majority of the studies originated in Tehran. Among the first-line anti-TB drugs, almost all NTM species were highly resistant to first-line anti-TB drugs. No significant difference in the isoniazid resistance rate was found in the slow or rapid-growing species and Runyon's classification of NTM isolates. A decreased in the prevalence of ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and moxifloxacin resistance were showed in during 2013-2022 years. Conclusion Most investigated antibiotics have a minor effect on NTM species and a steady increase of resistance has been seen in last few years then, need more-effective alternative regimens is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Heidari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parisa Kalantari
- Department of Paramedical, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahel Hamze Pour
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaysouri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Darbandi A, Banar M, Koupaei M, Afifirad R, Asadollahi P, Bafandeh E, Rasooli I, Emamie A, Navidifar T, Owlia P. Clinical efficacy of probiotics in prevention of infectious diseases among hospitalized patients in ICU and non-ICU wards in clinical randomized trials: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1469. [PMID: 37547361 PMCID: PMC10400784 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The present study aimed to review probiotics' clinical efficacy in preventing infectious diseases among hospitalized patients in ICU and non-ICU wards. Methods A search of Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Open Grey, and Google Scholar was conducted for eligible publications from 2002 to 2020 following the requirements outlined in the PRISMA guideline. The search strategy was based on the combination of the following terms: "probiotics," "prebiotics," "synbiotics," and "cross-infection." The logical operators "AND" (or the equivalent operator for the databases) and "OR" (e.g., probiotics OR prebiotics OR synbiotics) were used. Results The results indicated that the probiotic consumption caused a significant reduction in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in 2/8 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating AAD/CDI. Also, 5/12 clinical trials highlighted the considerable effects of probiotics on the reduction or prevention of ventilator associated pneumoniae (VAP), so the mean prevalence of VAP was lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group. The total rate of nosocomial infections among preterm infants was nonsignificantly higher in the probiotic group compared to the control group. Conclusion This systematic review shows that the administration of probiotics has moderate preventive or mitigating effects on the occurrence of VAP in ICU patients, CDI, AAD, and nosocomial infections among children. Consequently, applying antibiotics along with the proper probiotic species can be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Molecular Microbiology Research CenterShahed UniversityTehranIran
| | - Maryam Banar
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Elnaz Bafandeh
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Faculty of SciencesShahed UniversityTehranIran
| | - Amir Emamie
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research CenterShahed UniversityTehranIran
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Faculty of SciencesShahed UniversityTehranIran
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Mahdizade Ari M, Dashtbin S, Ghasemi F, Shahroodian S, kiani P, Bafandeh E, Darbandi T, Ghanavati R, Darbandi A. Nitrofurantoin: properties and potential in treatment of urinary tract infection: a narrative review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1148603. [PMID: 37577377 PMCID: PMC10414118 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1148603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrofurantoin (NF), a wide-spectrum antibiotic accessible since 1953, is utilized widely to treat urinary tract infections as it usually stays active against drug-resistant uropathogen. The use of Nitrofurantoin has increased exponentially since new guidelines have repositioned it as first-line therapy for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI). To, although fluoroquinolones are usually used to re-evaluate the first- and second-line therapies for treating uncomplicated UTI, their level of utilization is thought to be inappropriately excessive and will eventually have a detrimental impact; thus, we hypothesize that NF might be the best choice for this condition, because of its low frequency of utilization and its high susceptibility in common UTI pathogens. It can be concluded from this review that NF can be considered as the most effective drug in the treatment of acute urinary infection, but due to the long-term side effects of this drug, especially in elderly patients, it is essential to introduce some criteria for prescribing NF in cases of chronic UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shahroodian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa kiani
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Bafandeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Talieh Darbandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Medicine, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Bourbour S, Darbandi A, Bostanghadiri N, Ghanavati R, Taheri B, Bahador A. Effects of Antimicrobial photosensitizers of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) to Treat Periodontitis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023:CPB-EPUB-133034. [PMID: 37475551 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230720104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Along with antimicrobial photosensitizers or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic approach in which lasers and different photosensitizers (PSs) are used to eradicate periodontopathic bacteria in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. Periodontitis is a localized infectious disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria and can destroy bones and tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. The aPDT system has been shown by in vitro studies to have high bactericidal efficacy. It was demonstrated that aPDT has low local toxicity, can speed up dental therapy, and is cost-effective. Several photosensitizers (PSs) are available for each type of light source which did not induce any damage to the patient and are safe. In recent years, significant advances have been made in aPDT as a non-invasive treatment method, especially in treating infections and cancers. Besides, aPDT can be perfectly combined with other treatments. Hence, this survey focused on the effectiveness and mechanism of aPDT of periodontitis by using lasers and the most frequently used antimicrobial PSs such as methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue ortho (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG), Malachite green (MG) (Triarylmethanes), Erythrosine Dyes (ERY) (Xanthenes dyes), Rose bengal (RB) (Xanthenes dyes), Eosin-Y (Xanthenes dyes), Radachlorin group and Curcumin. The aPDT with these PSs can reduce pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontitis. Therefore, it is clear that there is a bright future for using aPDT to fight microorganisms causing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Bourbour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Ira
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Navidifar T, Mahdizade Ari M, Alipourkermani A, Afifirad R, Asadollahi P, Veisi A, Ghanavati R, Darbandi A. Clinical Efficacy of Probiotics for Oral Health: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Running title: Probiotics and oral health. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023:CPB-EPUB-130710. [PMID: 37038663 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230405135457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to review the clinical efficacy of probiotics for oral health in randomized controlled trials. METHOD An electronic search was conducted in December 2020 in Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: "mouthwash" and "probiotics".The titles and abstracts of 3,775 articles were screened and 24 publications that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. RESULT A total of 24 clinical trials were reviewed, including 1612 participants receiving either probiotics or mouth treatments. The results of this review indicated that individuals receiving probiotic products have a significant reduction (65% reduction; p<0.05) in the count of Streptococcus mutants in their mouths. It was also found that probiotic products were more effective or equal in effect compared to chlorhexidine in reducing oral pathogens, gingival index, and plaque index scores. On the other hand, the consumption of xylitol mouthwash was shown to cause an improvement in salivary parameters. Considering their safety and effectiveness, the use of probiotic products, such as kefir and mouthwashes, has been recommended against cariogenic bacteria and periodontal diseases. CONCLUSION Probiotics are considered a safe alternative to conventional therapies, such as chlorhexidine and fluoride. Co-administration of chlorhexidine, fluoride, and probiotics seems to be a perfect package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Navidifar
- Shushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology Shushtar Iran
| | - Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology Tehran Iran
| | - Asma Alipourkermani
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kerman Iran
| | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology Tehran Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Medical University of Ilam Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine ?l?m Iran
| | - Ali Veisi
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology Behbahan Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology Ahv?z Iran
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences Behbahan Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology Tehran Iran
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Darbandi A, Alamdary SZ, Koupaei M, Ghanavati R, Heidary M, Talebi M. Evaluation of immune responses to Brucella vaccines in mouse models: A systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:903890. [PMID: 36118342 PMCID: PMC9478790 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.903890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDespite the accessibility of several live attenuated vaccines for animals, currently, there is no licensed vaccine for brucellosis in human populations. Available and confirmed animal vaccines may be harmful and considered inappropriate for humans. Thus, human vaccines for brucellosis are required. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Brucella vaccines on mouse models and discuss the potential mechanisms of these vaccines for the design of the appropriate human vaccines.Materials and methodsA systematic search was carried out in Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/Medline databases. The following MeSH terms were applied: brucellosis, vaccine, Brucella, and vaccination. The original manuscripts describing the Brucella vaccines on mouse models were included. The review articles, editorials, correspondences, case reports, case series, duplicate publications, and articles with insufficient data were excluded.ResultsOf the 163 full texts that were screened, 17 articles reached to inclusion criteria. Combining the results of these trials revealed a reduction in bacterial load and colonization rate of Brucella in the spleen, an increase in inflammatory markers, especially IFN-γ and IL-4, and the highest levels of antibody classes in vaccinated animals compared to animals challenged with various virulent strains of Brucella. The majority of studies found that different anti-Brucella vaccines induced a significant protective effect in animals challenged with Brucella strains. Additionally, mice were given the highest level of Brucella vaccine protection and significant clearance of Brucella strains when the immunization was delivered via the IP (intraperitoneal) or IP-IN (intranasal) routes.ConclusionBrucella is responsible for half-million new cases globally annually, and the lack of a proper human vaccine poses the risk of brucellosis. A variety of vaccines are used to prevent brucellosis. Subunit vaccines and recombinant human vaccines have higher safety and protective properties. Although vaccination helps brucellosis control, it does not eradicate the disease. Thus, we recommend the following strategies. (a) establishment of a registration system; (b) close monitoring of slaughterhouses, markets, and herds; (c) training veterinarians; (d) legal protection of the consequences of non-compliance with preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Mohsen Heidary
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Malihe Talebi
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Khoshbayan A, Golmoradi Zadeh R, Taati Moghadam M, Mirkalantari S, Darbandi A. Molecular determination of O25b/ST131 clone type among extended spectrum β-lactamases production Escherichia coli recovering from urinary tract infection isolates. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:35. [PMID: 35927655 PMCID: PMC9351160 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli (E. coli) O25b/ST131 clone causes urinary tract infection (UTI) and is associated with a broad spectrum of other infections, such as intra-abdominal and soft tissue infections, that can be affecting bloodstream infections. Therefore, since O25b/ST131 has been reported in several studies from Iran, in the current study, we have investigated the molecular characteristics, typing, and biofilm formation of O25b/ST131 clone type E. coli collected from UTI specimens. Methods A total of 173 E. coli isolates from UTI were collected. The susceptibility to all fourth generations of cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime) and ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam and aztreonam was determined. Class A ESBLs, class D ESBL and the presence of pabB gene screenings to detect of O25b/ST131 clone type were performed by using of PCR. Biofilm formation was compared between O25b/ST131 isolates and non-O25b/ST131 isolates. Finally, ERIC-PCR was used for typing of ESBL positive isolates. Results Ninety-four ESBL positive were detected of which 79 of them were O25b/ST131. Antimicrobial susceptibility test data showed that most antibiotics had a higher rate of resistance in isolates of the O25b/ST131 clonal type. Biofilm formation showed that there was a weak association between O25b/ST131 clone type isolates and the level of the biofilm formation. ERIC-PCR results showed that E. coli isolates were genetically diverse and classified into 14 groups. Conclusion Our results demonstrated the importance and high prevalence of E. coli O25b/ST131 among UTI isolates with the ability to spread fast and disseminate antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Khoshbayan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Golmoradi Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Heidary M, Dashtbin S, Ghanavati R, Mahdizade Ari M, Bostanghadiri N, Darbandi A, Navidifar T, Talebi M. Evaluation of Brucellosis Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:925773. [PMID: 35923818 PMCID: PMC9339783 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.925773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Brucella spp. which can lead to heavy economic losses and severe human diseases. Thus, controlling brucellosis is very important. Due to humans easily gaining brucellosis from animals, animal brucellosis control programs can help the eradication of human brucellosis. There are two popular vaccines against animal brucellosis. Live attenuated Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19 vaccine) is the first effective and most extensively used vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in cattle. Live attenuated Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1 (Rev.1 vaccine) is the most effective vaccine against caprine and ovine brucellosis. Although these two vaccines provide good immunity for animals against brucellosis, the expense of persistent serological responses is one of the main problems of both vaccines. The advantages and limitations of Brucella vaccines, especially new vaccine candidates, have been less studied. In addition, there is an urgent need for new strategies to control and eradicate this disease. Therefore, this narrative review aims to present an updated overview of the available different types of brucellosis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Heidary
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Malihe Talebi
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12
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Darbandi A, Mirkalantari S, Golmoradi Zadeh R, Esghaei M, Talebi M, Kakanj M. Safety evaluation of mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of Lactobacillus spp. isolates as probiotic candidates. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24481. [PMID: 35582746 PMCID: PMC9279957 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics promote a healthy balance of gut bacteria and have many beneficial effects on human digestive physiology. Although, few side effects of probiotics have been reported. This study aimed to assess the safety of five probiotic candidate Lactobacillus strains isolated from healthy individuals by examining mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and oral toxic effects. METHODS Five selected candidate probiotic (SCPs) strains were evaluated for genotoxicity (Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium), in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test and an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay on peripheral blood of mice. To evaluate the oral dose toxicity, BALB/c mice models were treated repeatedly (2000, 1000, and 500 mg/kg body weight /day) for 28-days. RESULTS The Ames test performed for two S. typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA100 (both in the absence and in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system) did not show an increase in reverse mutation because of exposure to the SCPs in any of the doses (5.0, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 mg/plate). There was no genotoxicity in the SCPs treatment in the vitro chromosome aberration assay with Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1). In addition, none of the tested strains increased the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes in reticulocytes, the SCPs with the studied doses caused no substantial variation in the experimental groups compared to the negative control group (p > 0.05). SCPs were not acutely toxic when administered to male and female BALB/c mice by single gavage at (2000, 1000, and 500 mg/kg b.w/day) with no mortality or clinical signs, change in body weight or macroscopic abnormalities were observed in this dose range. CONCLUSION As a result, SCPs did not induce mutagenic potential in vitro with bacterial reverse mutation, clastogenicity, and in vivo tests in the ranges of concentrations evaluated in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Golmoradi Zadeh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kakanj
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Darbandi A, Koupaei M, Navidifar T, Shahroodian S, Heidary M, Talebi M. Brucellosis control methods with an emphasis on vaccination: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1025-1035. [PMID: 35416090 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2066521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brucellosis is considered as one of the main zoonotic infections and a major public health concern worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate various strategies for controlling brucellosis with an especial emphasis on efficacy of vaccination. AREAS COVERED International databanks (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase) were searched for potentially relevant studies published from January 1, 2011 to March 25, 2021 using the following keywords: "Brucella", "Brucella abortus", "Brucella melitensis", "Brucella canis", "Brucella suis", "brucellosis", "Bang disease", "undulant fever", "Malta fever", "vaccination", "vaccine", and "immunization". The literature search was restricted to original articles published in English. EXPERT OPINION Various methods are employed to prevent and control brucellosis, such as removing sick animals by slaughtering, separating sick animals from the herd, and vaccination. Preventing, controlling, and eradicating brucellosis requires a lot of financial support, perseverance, and time. In order to conduct a detailed study, it is recommended that more studies be conducted in developing countries and different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Shahroodian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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14
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Mahdizade Ari M, Teymouri S, Fazlalian T, Asadollahi P, Afifirad R, Sabaghan M, Valizadeh F, Ghanavati R, Darbandi A. The effect of probiotics on gestational diabetes and its complications in pregnant mother and newborn: A systematic review and meta-analysis during 2010-2020. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24326. [PMID: 35243684 PMCID: PMC8993604 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics consumption on gestational diabetes (GD) and its complications in pregnant mother and newborn. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021243409) and all the enrolled articles were collected from four databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar) as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2010 to 2020. A total of 4865 study participants from 28 selected studies were included in this review. The present meta‐analysis showed that the consumption of probiotics supplementation has the potential to decrease GD‐predisposing metabolic parameters such as blood glucose level, lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative markers which may reduce GD occurrence among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Teymouri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Fazlalian
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Valizadeh
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Afifirad R, Darb Emamie A, Golmoradi Zadeh R, Asadollahi P, Ghanavati R, Darbandi A. Effects of Pro/Prebiotics Alone over Pro/Prebiotics Combined with Conventional Antibiotic Therapy to Treat Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:4774783. [PMID: 35685517 PMCID: PMC9159122 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4774783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV), caused by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, can be treated and prevented by probiotics. Pregnant women with BV can experience premature labor and spontaneous abortions. Probiotics and prebiotics promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, alter the composition of the vaginal microbiota, and prevent intravaginal infections in postmenopausal women. In addition to reducing infection symptoms, pre/probiotics can also help prevent vaginal infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted on studies from 2010 to 2020 to determine the efficacy of pre/probiotics on the treatment of BV in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were systematically searched using the following keywords: "bacterial vaginosis," "probiotics," "prebiotics," and "synbiotics." RESULTS A total of 1,871 articles were found in the initial search, and 24 clinical trials were considered eligible. In studies comparing the effects of pre/probiotics and placebos with or without antibiotic therapy in patients with BV, significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed. Probiotics reduced the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the overall Nugent score and Amsel's criteria for restitution of a balanced vaginal microbiota. In addition, probiotics can reduce the vaginal colonization of Group B streptococci among pregnant women. In subjects treated with probiotics, BV cure rates were higher than those in subjects treated with antibiotics. There were no additional adverse events. CONCLUSION Pre/probiotic regimens, when used for BV treatment, are usually safe and can exhibit long-term and short-term benefits. In order to prove the benefits of pre/probiotics in BV treatment, additional high-quality research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Golmoradi Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Zeighamy Alamdary S, Afifirad R, Asgharzadeh S, Asadollahi P, Mahdizade Ari M, Dashtibin S, Sabaghan M, Shokouhamiri MR, Ghanavati R, Darbandi A. The Influence of Probiotics Consumption on Management of Prediabetic State: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:5963679. [PMID: 36160290 PMCID: PMC9484983 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5963679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes consists of the intermediary stage between normal glucose regulation and overt diabetes mellitus and develops when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to confirm a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis (T2DM). Recent evidence suggests that probiotics could be promising approaches to improve this state. In this study, we performed a systematic review to compile the results of clinical trials investigating the effects of pro-/pre-/synbiotics on prediabetes subjects from 2010 to 2020. The article search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Clinical trials.gov, ProQuest, Open Grey, and Google Scholar. Search filters were developed using 2 parameters: "prestate diabetes" and "probiotics." Of the 418 studies that were screened, 15 original articles reached the inclusion criteria. Pooling data from these trials showed positive and significant effects of probiotics in the reduction of hyperglycemia, insulin concentration levels, lipid profile, and BMI (Body mass index). Administration of probiotics may provide beneficial and healthful effects in the clinical management of patients with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Different probiotics compositions have shown beneficial and noticeable effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, BMI, and inflammatory markers in subjects with prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and healthy individuals and could be advantageous in recomposing the gut microbiota back into the normal state during the prediabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Asgharzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Dashtibin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Darbandi A, Asadi A, Mahdizade Ari M, Ohadi E, Talebi M, Halaj Zadeh M, Darb Emamie A, Ghanavati R, Kakanj M. Bacteriocins: Properties and potential use as antimicrobials. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24093. [PMID: 34851542 PMCID: PMC8761470 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of bacteriocins originate from lactic acid bacteria, which have recently been modified by scientists. Many strains of lactic acid bacteria related to food groups could produce bacteriocins or antibacterial proteins highly effective against foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium botulinum. A wide range of bacteria belonging primarily to the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus have been characterized with different health‐promoting attributes. Extensive studies and in‐depth understanding of these antimicrobials mechanisms of action could enable scientists to determine their production in specific probiotic lactic acid bacteria, as they are potentially crucial for the final preservation of functional foods or for medicinal applications. In this review study, the structure, classification, mode of operation, safety, and antibacterial properties of bacteriocins as well as their effect on foodborne pathogens and antibiotic‐resistant bacteria were extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ohadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoume Halaj Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Kakanj
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Golmoradi Zadeh R, Asgharzadeh S, Darbandi A, Aliramezani A, Masjedian Jazi F. Characterization of bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus species against adhesion and invasion of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from different samples. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105307. [PMID: 34843920 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes is an important difficult to control and eradicate foodborne pathogen due to its resistance properties to extreme conditions. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be considered as natural alternatives for safety and quality of foods, since these molecules offer antimicrobial activity against other bacteria. METHODS In this study, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and L. monocytogenes isolates were first characterized by phenotypical tests and 16S rRNA gene using PCR. Then, six types of bacteriocins produced by Lactobacilli strains were identified using molecular tests. The ability of these strains to compete with L. monocytogenes for adhesion and invasion to HT-29 cells was evaluated through colony count and MTT assay. Finally, the level of bacteriocins expression was assessed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS L. monocytogenes strains were categorized from A1 to A8 based on the source of isolation. In the adhesion assay, L. casei + L. monocytogenes isolated from milk and Lpb plantarum + L. monocytogenes isolated from feces presented the maximum adherence values. Further, Lpb plantarum + L. monocytogenes isolated from blood invaded to HT-29 cell line at the highest level. Eventually, L. casei + Lpb plantarum + L. monocytogenes isolated from placenta revealed more expression levels in comparison with other groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest a practical approach to classifying bacteriocins into functional groups that could be used for identifying the best mixture of bacteriocins for usage against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Golmoradi Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Asgharzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Aliramezani
- Central Laboratory, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Darbandi A, Asadi A, Ghanavati R, Afifirad R, Emamie AD, Kakanj M, Talebi M. Corrigendum to 'The effect of probiotics on respiratory tract infection with special emphasis on COVID-19: Systemic review 2010-20' [International Journal of Infectious Diseases 105 (April 2021) 91-104]. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:337. [PMID: 34411947 PMCID: PMC8366406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kakanj
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Darbandi A, Ghanavati R, Asadi A, Mirklantari S, Hasannejad-Bibalan M, Lohrasbi V, Sadeghi Kalani B, Rohani M, Talebi M, Pourshafie MR. Prevalence of bacteriocin genes in Lactobacillus strains isolated from fecal samples of healthy individuals and their inhibitory effect against foodborne pathogens. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:1117-1125. [PMID: 34804429 PMCID: PMC8591760 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.53299.11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Foodborne diseases are considered as an important public health issue. The purpose of the current study was to isolate Lactobacillus spp. strains from fecal samples, investigate their antimicrobial properties, and assess the expression of genes encoding bacteriocin in co-culture of Lactobacillus with enteric pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fecal samples of healthy people were collected. Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 was used to examine Lactobacillus strains adherence capacity. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine bacteriocin-encoding genes expression in co-culture of the selected Lactobacillus strain with Salmonella, Shigella, and two diarrheagenic Escherichia coli serotypes during 4, 6, and 24 hr of incubation. RESULTS The selected L. plantarum strain was able to inhibit four foodborne pathogens in both methods. L. plantarum No.14 exhibited the highest ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells. In this study, pln F, sak P, pln I, pln B, and pln J genes of L. plantarum No.14 were upregulated in co-culture of L. plantarum No.14 with diarrheagenic E. coli serotypes. In addition, acd, Lactacin F, sak P, pln J, pln EF, and pln NC8 genes as well as pln NC8 and pln A genes mRNA levels were significantly increased in co-culture of L. plantarum No.14 with Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhi, respectively, during 24 hrs of incubation. CONCLUSION Other studied genes were down-regulated during the incubation time. The selected L. plantarum strains could be served as alternative antimicrobial agents against pathogens which could contaminate foodstuffs and are responsible for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirklantari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Lohrasbi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourshafie
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Pourshafie. Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-66405534;
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Darbandi A, Asadi A, Ghanavati R, Afifirad R, Darb Emamie A, Kakanj M, Talebi M. The effect of probiotics on respiratory tract infection with special emphasis on COVID-19: Systemic review 2010-20. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:91-104. [PMID: 33578007 PMCID: PMC7871912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of probiotics on respiratory tract infection (RTI) a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from January 2010 to January 2020 was conducted. The PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were systematically searched for the following keywords: respiratory tract infection, probiotics, viral infection, COVID-19, and clinical trial. A total of 27 clinical trials conducted on 9433 patients with RTI plus 10 ongoing clinical studies of probiotics intervention in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reviewed. The review looked at the potency of probiotics for the hindrance and/or treatment of RTI diseases, this may also apply to COVID-19. The review found that probiotics could significantly increase the plasma levels of cytokines, the effect of influenza vaccine and quality of life, as well as reducing the titer of viruses and the incidence and duration of respiratory infections. These antiviral and immune-modulating activities and their ability to stimulate interferon production recommend the use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to prevent COVID-19. Based on this extensive review of RCTs we suggest that probiotics are a rational complementary treatment for RTI diseases and a viable option to support faster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kakanj
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administation, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mirshekar M, Darbandi A, Ghanavati R, Shivaee A, Masjedian F. Analysis of mgrB gene mutations in colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Tehran, Iran. Gene Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Darb Emamie A, Rajabpour M, Ghanavati R, Asadolahi P, Farzi S, Sobouti B, Darbandi A. The effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on the reduction of IBD complications, a periodic review during 2009-2020. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1823-1838. [PMID: 33098703 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To perform a systematic review on randomized controlled trials to examine the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in the treatment of IBD. METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed, Web of science, Scopus and Google Scholar were systematically searched from January 2009 to January 2020 using the following keywords: 'Inflammatory Bowel Disease', 'Probiotics' and 'Clinical trial'. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24.0. A total of 1832 articles were found during the initial search and 21 clinical trials were eligible. Studies comparing the effects of probiotics and placebo among patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) showed a significant difference in clinical outcomes. Moreover, probiotics improved the overall induction of remission rates among patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Probiotics significantly decreased the IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 levels. Also, the need for systemic steroids, hospitalization, surgery, as well as histological score and disease activity index significantly decreased in patients who used probiotic or pro-/synbiotics. CONCLUSIONS The use of probiotics, as food supplements, can induce anti-inflammatory reactions, balance the intestinal homeostasis and induce remission in IBD. The efficacy of probiotics on remission induction is more reported in UC rather than CD. Larger well-designed clinical trials are needed to further determine whether probiotics are of clear benefits for remission in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Rajabpour
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Ghanavati
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - P Asadolahi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - S Farzi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Sobouti
- Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sobouti B, Mirshekar M, Fallah S, Tabaei A, Fallah Mehrabadi J, Darbandi A. Pan drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections among burnt children. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020. [DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.34.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sobouti B, Mirshekar M, Fallah S, Tabaei A, Fallah Mehrabadi J, Darbandi A. Pan drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections among burnt children. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:24. [PMID: 32551313 PMCID: PMC7293814 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nosocomial infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a world-wide serious problem in the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR). Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of A. baumannii cannot be completely eliminated among the infected patients. This study aimed to monitor antibiotic resistance among A. baumannii strains isolated from burnt children. Methods: After performing biochemical identification tests on 115 isolates, 62 were detected as A. baumannii . Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to test susceptibility to colistin, and disk agar diffusion was used for the susceptibility of the isolates to the antibiotics Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Cefepime, Meropenem, Imipenem, Ceftazidime, Levofloxacin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Bacterial species were isolated and identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan drug-resistant (PDR), based on the susceptibility patterns to elected antibiotics, deputing different classes of antimicrobial. Results: The antibiotic susceptibility pattern out of a total of 62 bacterial strains used in this study. Thirty-six (58%) strains were categorized as MDR, 17 (27.5%) as XDR, and nine (14.5%) as PDR. Conclusion: To reduce the threat of antimicrobial resistance, MDR, XDR and PDR A. baumannii strains must be evaluated by all clinical microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sobouti
- Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirshekar
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Fallah
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aram Tabaei
- Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Darbandi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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Darbandi A, Owlia P, Bouzari S, Saderi H. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes frequency in Khuzestan province of Iran. Iran J Microbiol 2016; 8:352-358. [PMID: 28491244 PMCID: PMC5420388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an emerging agent among pathogens that causes diarrhea. Studies showed that diarrheagenic E. coli such as enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), diffusely adhering E. coli (DAEC) and shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) strains are among the most frequent causative agents in acute diarrhea. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of DEC pathotypes in Khuzestan province. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhea in Khuzestan province of Iran. E. coli strains were isolated using conventional culture and standard biochemical tests. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect presence of virulence genes, i.e; eae, stx1 and stx2 for EHEC, bfp and eae for EPEC, LT and ST for ETEC, AA for EAEC, invE for EIEC, stx1 and stx2 for STEC. RESULTS Altogether, 200 stool samples were obtained from patients, of which 158 (79%) were positive for E. coli. DEC was identified in 127 (63%) of stool samples, which frequency of each pathotypes were as follows: atypical EPEC 49 (39%), typical EPEC 1 (0.7%), STEC 50 (39.3%), ETEC 21 (16.3%), EAEC 5 (4.0%) and EIEC 1 (0.7%). Most frequent etiological agents of diarrhea in Khuzestan province of Iran were STEC and EPEC. CONCLUSION Our findings showed DEC had been agent of diarrhea in Khuzestan. This finding provides evidence that effort should be made to estimate the burden of infection by the etiological agent for better medical approach and should raise notification about antibiotic resistance among bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Parviz Owlia Ph.D, Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2188952203, Fax: +98-2166952202,
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Horieh Saderi
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
GaAs core-shell p-n junction tunnel diodes were demonstrated by combining vapor-liquid-solid growth with gallium oxide deposition by atomic layer deposition for electrical isolation. The characterization of an ensemble of core-shell structures was enabled by the use of a tungsten probe in a scanning electron microscope without the need for lithographic processing. Radial tunneling transport was observed, exhibiting negative differential resistance behavior with peak-to-valley current ratios of up to 3.1. Peak current densities of up to 2.1 kA/cm(2) point the way to applications in core-shell photovoltaics and tunnel field effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Darbandi
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A-1S6, Canada
| | - K L Kavanagh
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A-1S6, Canada
| | - S P Watkins
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A-1S6, Canada
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Darbandi A, Devoie É, Di Matteo O, Rubel O. Modeling the radiation ionization energy and energy resolution of trigonal and amorphous selenium from first principles. J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:455502. [PMID: 23085846 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/45/455502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of amorphous selenium-based direct conversion photoconductors for high-energy radiation critically depend on the improvement of its sensitivity to ionizing radiation, which is directly related to the pair production energy. Traditionally, theories for the pair production energy have been based on the parabolic band approximation and do not provide a satisfactory agreement with experimental results for amorphous selenium. Here we present a calculation of the pair creation energy in trigonal and amorphous selenium based on its electronic structure. In indirect semiconductors, such as trigonal selenium, the ionization threshold energy can be as low as the energy gap, resulting in a lower pair creation energy, which is a favorable factor for sensitivity. Also, the statistics of photogenerated charge carriers is studied in order to evaluate the theoretical value of the Fano factor and its dependence on recombination processes. We show that recombination can significantly compromise the detector's energy resolution as a result of an increase in the Fano factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Darbandi
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 290 Munro St, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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