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Liao F, Xie J, Du R, Gao W, Lan L, Wang M, Rong X, Fu Y, Wang H. Replication and Expression of the Consensus Genome of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C from the Chinese Population. Viruses 2023; 15:2302. [PMID: 38140543 PMCID: PMC10747539 DOI: 10.3390/v15122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C is a prevalent HBV genotype in the Chinese population. Although genotype C shows higher sequence heterogeneity and more severe liver disease than other genotypes, its pathogenesis and immunological traits are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we first established and chemically synthesized the consensus sequence based on representative 138 full-length HBV genotype C genomes from the Chinese population. The pHBV1.3C plasmid system, containing a 1.3-fold full-length HBV genotype C consensus sequence, was constructed for subsequent validation. Next, we performed functional assays to investigate the replicative competence of pHBV1.3C in vitro through the transient transfection of HepG2 and Huh7 cells and validated the in vivo function via a hydrodynamic injection to BALB/c recipient mice. The in vitro investigation revealed that the extracellular HBV DNA and intracellular replicative intermediate (i.e., pregenomic RNA, pgRNA) were apparently measurable at 48 h, and the HBsAg and HBcAg were still positive in hepatoma cells at 96 h. We also found that HBsAg and HBeAg accumulated at the extracellular and intracellular levels in a time-dependent manner. The in vivo validation demonstrated that pHBV1.3C plasmids induced HBV viremia, triggered morphological changes and HBsAg- or HBcAg- positivity of hepatocytes, and ultimately caused inflammatory infiltration and focal or piecemeal necrosis in the livers of the murine recipients. HBV protein (HBsAg) colocalized with CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells in the liver. F4/80+ Kupffer cells were abundantly recruited around the altered murine hepatocytes. Taken together, our results indicate that the synthetic consensus sequence of HBV genotype C is replication-competent in vitro and in vivo. This genotype C consensus genome supports the full HBV life cycle, which is conducive to studying its pathogenesis and immune response, screening novel antiviral agents, and further optimizing testing and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Liao
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Junmou Xie
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Rongsong Du
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Lanyin Lan
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Min Wang
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Xia Rong
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510091, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510091, China
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Li H, Qian F, Zou W, Jin F, Li D, Zhang Y. OUP accepted manuscript. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2022; 116:874-880. [PMID: 35543271 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 2 East Street, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fuchu Qian
- Department of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weihua Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongli Li
- Department of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 2 East Street, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Qama A, Allard N, Cowie B, Davis JS, Davies J. Hepatitis B in the Northern Territory: insights into the changing epidemiology of an ancient condition. Intern Med J 2021; 51:910-922. [PMID: 32975893 PMCID: PMC8362129 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are disproportionately affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A proposed mismatch between standard vaccines and the HBV/C4 sub‐genotype prevalent in Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory (NT) may reduce vaccine effectiveness. Aims To determine HBV prevalence in the NT by Indigenous status and to explore patterns of immunity following implementation of universal vaccination, using a large longitudinal diagnostic dataset. Methods A retrospective analysis of all available HBV serology results in the NT from 1991 to 2011 was conducted, with HBV prevalence and vaccination status analysed according to adigenous status, age and sex using individuals' patterns of HBsAg, anti‐HBs and anti‐HBc serology over repeated tests. Results 100 790 individuals were tested (33.4% Indigenous) between 1991 and 2011 (26.1% of the 2011 NT population), with a total of 211 802 tests performed. In 2011, the proportion of HBV positive individuals in the NT was 3.17% (5.22% in Indigenous populations) compared to previous 2011 estimates of 1.70% (3.70% in Indigenous populations). The vaccine failure rate was lower than expected with only one presumed vaccinated person subsequently developing HBsAg positivity (0.02%). Evidence of suboptimal vaccine efficacy by breakthrough anti‐HBc positivity in vaccinated individuals was demonstrated in 3.1% of the vaccinated cohort, of which 86.4% identified as Indigenous (HR 1.17). No difference in HBeAg positivity or seroconversion was observed between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous individuals living with CHB. Conclusions The burden of CHB in Indigenous people in the NT has previously been underestimated. A higher HBV prevalence in the NT than described in previous cross‐sectional studies was found, including a higher prevalence in Indigenous people. Evidence of suboptimal vaccine efficacy was demonstrated predominantly in Indigenous individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Qama
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Allard
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,cohealth, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cowie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Division of Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Davies
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,The Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Liu WC, Wu IC, Lee YC, Lin CP, Cheng JH, Lin YJ, Yen CJ, Cheng PN, Li PF, Cheng YT, Cheng PW, Sun KT, Yan SL, Lin JJ, Yang JC, Chang KC, Ho CH, Tseng VS, Chang BCH, Wu JC, Chang TT. Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated single-nucleotide variants and deletions identified by the use of genome-wide high-throughput analysis of hepatitis B virus. J Pathol 2017; 243:176-192. [PMID: 28696069 DOI: 10.1002/path.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deletion mutations linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ninety-three HCC patients and 108 non-HCC patients were enrolled for HBV genome-wide next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. A systematic literature review and a meta-analysis were performed to validate NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs and deletions. The experimental results identified 60 NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs, including 41 novel SNVs, and their pathogenic frequencies. Each SNV was specific for either genotype B (n = 24) or genotype C (n = 34), except for nt53C, which was present in both genotypes. The pathogenic frequencies of these HCC-associated SNVs showed a distinct U-shaped distribution pattern. According to the meta-analysis and literature review, 167 HBV variants from 109 publications were categorized into four levels (A-D) of supporting evidence that they are associated with HCC. The proportion of NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs among these HBV variants declined significantly from 75% of 12 HCC-associated variants by meta-analysis (Level A) to 0% of 10 HCC-unassociated variants by meta-analysis (Level D) (P < 0.0001). PreS deletions were significantly associated with HCC, in terms of deletion index, for both genotypes B (P = 0.030) and C (P = 0.049). For genotype C, preS deletions involving a specific fragment (nt2977-3013) were significantly associated with HCC (HCC versus non-HCC, 6/34 versus 0/32, P = 0.025). Meta-analysis of preS deletions showed significant association with HCC (summary odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 2.3-3.9). Transfection of Huh7 cells showed that all of the five novel NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs in the small surface region influenced hepatocarcinogenesis pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum-stress and DNA repair systems, as shown by microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Their carcinogenic mechanisms are worthy of further research. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Chien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Ji-Hong Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Jyh Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Nan Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Fu Li
- Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Cheng
- Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Information and Learning Technology, Science and Engineering College, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Koun-Tem Sun
- Department of Information and Learning Technology, Science and Engineering College, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Ling Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Jhen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Chu Yang
- Human Biobank, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Chao Chang
- Human Biobank, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vincent S Tseng
- Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Jaw-Ching Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Infectious Disease and Signalling Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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F221Y mutation in hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis following liver resection. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3292-3300. [PMID: 28339094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) is encoded by the polymerase gene in the reverse transcriptase region, which overlaps with the S gene. The association between mutations of HBV RT and the pathobiological features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to examine mutations in this region of the HBV genome and its clinical significance. Briefly, HBV total DNA was extracted from 84 pairs of HCC tumor tissue and corresponding adjacent non‑tumor tissue samples. The RT/S regions (nt130‑1161) were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger method, and associations between RT mutations and the clinical characteristics of patients with HCC were analyzed. Finally, 27 and 29 mutations with frequencies >5% were identified in the RT and S regions, respectively. The rtF221Y variation and a tumor size >8 cm were found to be independent risk factors for the postoperative recurrence of HCC, with hazard ratios of 2.345 (95% CI, 1.391‑3.953; P=0.001) and 1.838 (95% CI, 1.069‑3.161; P=0.028), respectively. rtF221Y was also an independent risk factor for poor overall survival rates (HR=2.557; 95% CI, 1.344‑4.866; P=0.004). The mutation of R122 K in the HBV S protein was closely associated with tumor recurrence (P<0.001). As a result, rtF221Y was identified as a risk factor for poor prognosis and may be a potential viral marker for predicting prognosis in HCC.
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Kim H, Lee SA, Kim BJ. X region mutations of hepatitis B virus related to clinical severity. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5467-5478. [PMID: 27350725 PMCID: PMC4917607 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem, with more than 240 million people chronically infected worldwide and potentially 650000 deaths per year due to advanced liver diseases including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV-X protein (HBx) contributes to the biology and pathogenesis of HBV via stimulating virus replication or altering host gene expression related to HCC. The HBV X region contains only 465 bp encoding the 16.5 kDa HBx protein, which also contains several critical cis-elements such as enhancer II, the core promoter and the microRNA-binding region. Thus, mutations in this region may affect not only the HBx open reading frame but also the overlapped cis-elements. Recently, several types of HBx mutations significantly associated with clinical severity have been described, although the functional mechanism in most of these cases remains unsolved. This review article will mainly focus on the HBx mutations proven to be significantly related to clinical severity via epidemiological studies.
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Wei D, Zeng Y, Xing X, Liu H, Lin M, Han X, Liu X, Liu J. Proteome Differences between Hepatitis B Virus Genotype-B- and Genotype-C-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Revealed by iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:487-98. [PMID: 26709725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in southeast Asia where HBV genotype B and genotype C are the most prevalent. Viral genotypes have been reported to significantly affect the clinical outcomes of HCC. However, the underlying molecular differences among different genotypes of HBV virus infected HCC have not been revealed. Here, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology integrated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to identify the proteome differences between the HBV genotypes B- and C-induced HCC. In brief, a total of 83 proteins in the surrounding noncancerous tissues and 136 proteins in the cancerous tissues between HBV genotype-B- and genotype-C-induced HCC were identified, respectively. This information revealed that there might be different molecular mechanisms of the tumorigenesis and development of HBV genotypes B- and C-induced HCC. Furthermore, our results indicate that the two proteins ARFIP2 and ANXA1 might be potential biomarkers for distinguishing the HBV genotypes B- and C-induced HCC. Thus, the quantitative proteomic analysis revealed molecular differences between the HBV genotypes B- and C-induced HCC, and might provide fundamental information for further deep study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Wei
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Xing
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Lin
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
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Li HM, Wang JQ, Wang R, Zhao Q, Li L, Zhang JP, Shen T. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and genome characteristics in China. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6684-6697. [PMID: 26074707 PMCID: PMC4458779 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the hepatitis B virus (HBV) characters in China, as well as the correlation between several HBV mutation and hepatitis symptoms.
METHODS: A total of 1148 HBV genome sequences from patients throughout China were collected via the National Center For Biotechnology Information database (information including: genotype, territory and clinical status). HBV genotypes were classified by a direct reference from the Genbank sequence annotation, phylogenetic tree and online software analysis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genotyping/formpage.cgi). The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the neighbor-joining method by MEGA5.0 software. HBV sequences were grouped based on phylogenetic tree and the distance between the groups was calculated by using the computer between group mean distance methods. Seven hundred and twelve HBV sequences with clear annotation of clinical symptoms were selected to analyses the correlation of mutation and clinical symptoms. Characteristics of sequences were analyzed by using DNAStar and BioEdit software packages. The codon usage bias and RNA secondary structures analysis were performed by RNAdraw software. Recombination analysis was performed by using Simplot software.
RESULTS: In China, HBV genotype C was the predominant in Northeastern, genotype B was predominant in Central Southern areas, genotype B and C were both dominant in Southwestern areas, and the recombinant genotype C/D was predominant in Northwestern areas. C2 and B2 were identified as the two major sub-genotypes, FJ386674 might be a putative sub-genotype as B10. The basal core promoter double mutation and pre-C mutation showed various significant differences between hepatitis symptoms. In addition to ATG, many other HBV initiation codons also exist. HBV has codon usage bias; the termination codon of X, C and P open reading frames (ORF) were TAA, TAG, and TGA, respectively. The major stop codons of S-ORF were TAA (96.45%) and TGA (83.60%) in B2 and C2 subtype, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This study recapitulated the epidemiology of HBV in China, and the information might be meaningful critical for the future prevention and therapy of HBV infections.
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Abstract
Aim of the study To identify distribution of HBV genotypes in particular regions of Poland. Material and methods The study included 270 treatment-naïve, HBV-infected individuals, enrolled in 7 centers of Poland. HBV genotyping was performed in 243 of them with the INNO-LiPA HBV Genotyping assay (Innogenetics). Results Genotype A present in 2/3 patients was demonstrated as the most predominant in Poland. It was followed by D (20%), H (5%) and mixed A + D (5%). Remaining patients were infected with genotype F, mixed D + G, A + C or D + F. Analysis of distribution demonstrated regional differences, with a higher rate of genotype D prevalence (about 30%) in the eastern (Białystok and Lublin) and south-western (Wrocław) parts compared to other regions, where the prevalence rate was below 15%. The highest prevalence of genotype A (exceeding 80%) was observed in central Poland (Bydgoszcz, Łódź). Conclusions The presented data reveal the current distribution of HBV genotypes across Poland, which is the first and the largest such epidemiological analysis.
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