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Seighali N, Abdollahi A, Shafiee A, Amini MJ, Teymouri Athar MM, Safari O, Faghfouri P, Eskandari A, Rostaii O, Salehi AH, Soltani H, Hosseini M, Abhari FS, Maghsoudi MR, Jahanbakhshi B, Bakhtiyari M. The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:105. [PMID: 38321404 PMCID: PMC10848453 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post COVID-19 syndrome, also known as "Long COVID," is a complex and multifaceted condition that affects individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder in individuals coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome. METHODS A rigorous search of electronic databases was conducted to identify original studies until 24 January 2023. The inclusion criteria comprised studies employing previously validated assessment tools for depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, reporting prevalence rates, and encompassing patients of all age groups and geographical regions for subgroup analysis Random effects model was utilized for the meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was done. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome was estimated to be 23% (95% CI: 20%-26%; I2 = 99.9%) based on data from 143 studies with 7,782,124 participants and 132 studies with 9,320,687 participants, respectively. The pooled prevalence of sleep disorder among these patients, derived from 27 studies with 15,362 participants, was estimated to be 45% (95% CI: 37%-53%; I2 = 98.7%). Subgroup analyses based on geographical regions and assessment scales revealed significant variations in prevalence rates. Meta-regression analysis showed significant correlations between the prevalence and total sample size of studies, the age of participants, and the percentage of male participants. Publication bias was assessed using Doi plot visualization and the Peters test, revealing a potential source of publication bias for depression (p = 0.0085) and sleep disorder (p = 0.02). However, no evidence of publication bias was found for anxiety (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate a considerable burden of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, among individuals recovering from COVID-19. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive mental health support and tailored interventions for patients experiencing persistent symptoms after COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Seighali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arman Shafiee
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Amini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Omid Safari
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parsa Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Eskandari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Omid Rostaii
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Salehi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hosseini
- Student research committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Faeze Soltani Abhari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maghsoudi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahar Jahanbakhshi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Effect of Online Balint Group and Pharmacotherapy on COVID-19 Anxiety in Iranian Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs-123763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety persists following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has caused dysfunction. Objectives: We compared the effect of the online Balint group and pharmacotherapy on COVID-19-induced anxiety in Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: In the current clinical trial in the north of Iran in 2021, the participants were randomly assigned to two groups, including the Balint group (eight 60-minute online sessions) and the pharmacotherapy group (sertraline), following a phone screening procedure by a psychiatrist. The groups filled out two questionnaires, namely the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, at baseline and after the intervention (fourth week). Results: Forty-five HCWs were assessed. There was a significant difference in total anxiety score and also in sub-component in each group (P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were observed regarding the effectiveness of both interventions in anxiety (P = 0.52); however, the pharmacotherapy interventions significantly affected the resilience and related subscales (P ≤ 0.05). The domain of spiritual influences significantly increased in the pharmacotherapy group (P = 0.031). Conclusions: Balint group and pharmacotherapy can improve COVID-19-induced anxiety and boost resilience in HCWs.
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Amiri Gooshki E, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Asadi N, Salmani M. Psychological consequences and the related factors among COVID‐19 survivors in southeastern Iran. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e755. [PMID: 35957974 PMCID: PMC9364432 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) is a new viral disease that has spread rapidly worldwide since December 2019 and there is no effective treatment for it. The current study aimed to investigate the psychological consequences and related factors among COVID‐19 survivors. Methods This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 152 patients with COVID‐19 referred to referral hospitals in southeastern Iran in 2020. Data collection tools were three questionnaires of demographic and background information, Depression Anxiety stress Scale (DASS‐21) and Impact of Events Scale‐Revised (IESR). Descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS25 were used to analyze the data. Results The mean age of patients was 39.52 ± 13.16 years. The patients were mostly female (63.8%). Seventy‐three percent of the patients had severe posttraumatic stress disorder, 26.3% had moderate depression and 26.3% had severe anxiety. The mean scores of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety among patients with COVID‐19 were 41.59 ± 17.28, 12.13 ± 9.16, and 12.45 ± 10.71, respectively. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, divorce, illiteracy, and retirement were all associated with higher psychological load among patients. Discussion and Conclusion The results showed that patients with COVID‐19 had different levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. These results may direct the attention of the medical staff to the mental health of COVID‐19 patients, necessitating timely psychological care and intervention during an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Amiri Gooshki
- Nursing Research Center, Department of Critical Care Nursing Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | | | - Neda Asadi
- Nursing Research Center, Department of Critical Care Nursing Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Mahin Salmani
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of New Brunswick Fredericton Canada
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Taheri E, Hosseini T, Kafami Z, Faridhosseini F, Saghebi A, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Farhoudi F, Asgharipour N, Salimi Z, Aghebati A, Amiri M, Akbari A, Mohaddes Ardabili H. Mass management of mental health issues during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of professional volunteer groups; an Iranian experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2022.2072146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Taheri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Kafami
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farhad Faridhosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Saghebi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fayyazi Bordbar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fateme Farhoudi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Asgharipour
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zanireh Salimi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Aghebati
- Clinical Psychology Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry) Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shahini N, Abbassani S, Ghasemzadeh M, Nikfar E, Heydari -Yazdi AS, Charkazi A, Derakhshanpour F. Grief Experience After Deaths: Comparison of Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 Causes. J Patient Exp 2022; 9:23743735221089697. [PMID: 35493442 PMCID: PMC9052814 DOI: 10.1177/23743735221089697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The grief caused by loved ones’ death causes grief is a global phenomenon. The
Covid-19 pandemic caused significant changes in human lifestyles and the
experience of grief. The purpose of the present study was to compare grief
experiences in the deceased's relatives caused by Covid-19 and non-Covid-19.
Seventy-five first- and second-degree relatives of the deceased infected with
Covid-19 (n = 33) and non-Covid-19 (n = 42) in a Gorgan hospital in northern
Iran were included cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Data were
collected using the GEQ-34 grief experience questionnaire and demographic
variables and questions related to funeral and burial. The results revealed that
the deceased's burial quality caused by the Covid-19 group was significantly
lower (p = 0.035). However, the feeling of the Covid-19 label is significantly
higher (p <0.001). There was no significant variation in grief's broad
experience between the two groups (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the experience of
grief was significantly different in the group of relatives of the deceased
infected by Covid-19 in terms of notoriety (P = 0.040) and physical reactions
(p = 0.002). Educational interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination due
to death caused by Covid-19 and clinical and psychological support of relatives
of the deceased due to Covid-19 are recommended by compiling appropriate
messages from different channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Shahini
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shekufeh Abbassani
- Neonatal and children's Health Research Center, Taleghani Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghasemzadeh
- MA in general psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Nikfar
- MA in general psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aazam Sadat Heydari -Yazdi
- Assistant professor of Child and adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry and behavioral Sciences research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdurrahman Charkazi
- Assistant Professor, PhD of Health Education and Promotion, Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Derakhshanpour
- Associate Professor of child and adolescence Psychiatry, Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Shahini N, Ghasemzadeh M, Javan M, Salimi Z. Evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic effect on the development of somatic symptoms in patients with mood disorders: a case-control study. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 43:100917. [PMID: 34603735 PMCID: PMC8463032 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic symptoms are one of the most common complaints among patients with psychiatric disorders and are considered as one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the new coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical symptoms in patients with mood disorders and compare it with healthy individuals. In this case-control study, 67 patients with mood disorders were referred to the psychiatric clinic of 5 Azar Hospital in Gorgan, who met the inclusion criteria, and 68 healthy individuals as control group were entered into the study. For all participants after informed consent, a demographic information questionnaire was completed along with Screening for Somatic Symptoms-7 (SOMS7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the data were analysed by SPSS software version 25. The mean score obtained for the SOMS-7 questionnaire for the group of patients with mood disorders and the control group was 32.37 ± 8.19 and 35.42 ± 11.3, respectively. The mean obtained for the PHQ-15 questionnaire for the mood disorders group and the control group was 8.56 ± 5.93 and 5.86 ± 4.63, respectively. In the mood disorder group, 26.9% of patients had no risk for physical symptoms, 31.3% of patients had a low risk, 25.4% of patients had a moderate risk, and 16.4% of patients had a high risk for physical symptoms. The statistical test showed that although the risk of physical symptoms was high in both groups, this rate was higher in the group with mood disorders, and there is a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The results also showed a significant and direct relationship between the two questionnaires (P < 0.05). According to the results, although the prevalence of somatic symptoms increased in both groups, the prevalence of somatic symptoms is significantly higher in the mood disorder group.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Shahini
- Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, GorganIran
| | | | - M. Javan
- Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, GorganIran
| | - Z. Salimi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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