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Jalilvand S, Latifi T, Kachooei A, Mirhoseinian M, Hoseini-Fakhr SS, Behnezhad F, Roohvand F, Shoja Z. Circulating rotavirus strains in children with acute gastroenteritis in Iran, 1986 to 2023 and their genetic/antigenic divergence compared to approved vaccines strains (Rotarix, RotaTeq, ROTAVAC, ROTASIIL) before mass vaccination: Clues for vaccination policy makers. Virus Res 2024; 346:199411. [PMID: 38823689 PMCID: PMC11190746 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, first, rotaviruses that caused acute gastroenteritis in children under five years of age during the time before the vaccine was introduced in Iran (1986 to 2023) are reviewed. Subsequently, the antigenic epitopes of the VP7 and VP4/VP8 proteins in circulating rotavirus strains in Iran and that of the vaccine strains were compared and their genetic differences in histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and the potential impact on rotavirus infection susceptibility and vaccine efficacy were discussed. Overall data indicate that rotavirus was estimated in about 38.1 % of samples tested. The most common genotypes or combinations were G1 and P[8], or G1P[8]. From 2015 to 2023, there was a decline in the prevalence of G1P[8], with intermittent peaks of genotypes G3P[8] and G9P[8]. The analyses suggested that the monovalent Rotarix vaccine or monovalent vaccines containing the G1P[8] component might be proper in areas with a similar rotavirus genotype pattern and genetic background as the Iranian population where the G1P[8] strain is the most predominant and has the ability to bind to HBGA secretors. While the same concept can be applied to RotaTeq and RotasIIL vaccines, their complex vaccine technology, which involves reassortment, makes them less of a priority. The ROTASIIL vaccine, despite not having the VP4 arm (P[5]) as a suitable protection option, has previously shown the ability to neutralize not only G9-lineage I strains but also other G9-lineages at high titers. Thus, vaccination with the ROTASIIL vaccine may be more effective in Iran compared to RotaTeq. However, considering the rotavirus genotypic pattern, ROTAVAC might not be a good choice for Iran. Overall, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into the prevalence of rotavirus strains and the potential effectiveness of different vaccines in the Iranian and similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mirhoseinian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzane Behnezhad
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Kadhim Jwaziri A, Karbalaie Niya MH, Khales P, Kachooei A, Sabaei M, Rahmani Fard S, Tavakoli A. Molecular Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Adenovirus in Iranian Children with Gastroenteritis. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:901-913. [PMID: 37766589 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2262576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined the molecular prevalence and genotype distribution of human adenovirus (HAdV) among children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in Iran. METHODS One hundred stool samples from children hospitalized were tested by PCR for adenovirus, and some of the positive samples were sequenced to determine the specific genotype. RESULTS HAdV DNA was found in 15 samples (15%). The highest and the lowest prevalence of HAdV was observed in the age groups 24-60 months (n = 6; 40%) and 7-12 months (n = 2; 13.3%), respectively (p = 0.01). Nine HAdV-positive samples were sequenced, of which four isolates were HAdV type 2 and five isolates were HAdV type 41. CONCLUSION HAdV was most common in the 24-60-month-old children. Of the samples sequenced, we found only types 2 and 41. Our results show that in addition to HAdV types 40 and 41, HAdV type 2 may also play a role in causing gastroenteritis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Sabaei
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Rahmani Fard
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Elbashir I, Aldoos NF, Mathew S, Al Thani AA, Emara MM, Yassine HM. Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and vaccine availability of viral acute gastroenteritis in the middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1193-1211. [PMID: 36240530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is the cause of considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly among children under five years in underdeveloped countries. Most acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases are attributed to viral etiologies, including rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus. This paper aimed to determine the prevalence rate of different viral etiologies of AGE in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Moreover, this paper explored rotavirus phylogenetic relatedness, compared VP7 and VP4 antigenic regions of rotavirus with vaccine strains, and explored the availability of vaccines in the MENA region. The literature search identified 160 studies from 18 countries from 1980 to 2019. The overall prevalence of rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus were 29.8 %, 13.9 %, 6.3 %, 3.5 %, and 3.2 % of tested samples, respectively. The most common rotavirus genotype combinations in the MENA region were G1P[8], G9P[9], and G2P[4], whereas GII.4 was the predominant norovirus genotype all of which were reported in almost all the studies with genotyping data. The comparison of VP7 and VP4 between circulating rotavirus in the MENA region and vaccine strains has revealed discrete divergent regions, including the neutralizing epitopes. Rotavirus vaccine was introduced to most of the countries of the MENA region; however, only a few studies have assessed the effectiveness of vaccine introduction. This paper provides a comprehensive update on the prevalence of the different viral agents of AGE in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Elbashir
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Noor F Aldoos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shilu Mathew
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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4
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Montasser KA, Youssef MI, Ghandour AA, Kamal M. Infection with adenovirus, rotavirus, and coinfection among hospitalized children with gastroenteritis in an Egyptian university hospital. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4950-4958. [PMID: 35705322 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. Studies stated that rotavirus and human adenovirus (HAdV) are common causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children aged 0-5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the distribution of rotavirus, HAdV, and coinfections among hospitalized children with gastroenteritis below 7 years old and determine the prevalence of enteric HAdV among all HAdV gastroenteritis. The study was conducted on 150 children below 7 years old. Antigen detection for rotavirus and HAdV by ELISA and determination of enteric HAdV (serotype 40 and 41) by nested PCR and restriction endonucleases study were performed. Detection of rotavirus and HAdV antigens in 150 stool specimens from patients with gastroenteritis were 58% (87), 6.7% (10), and 8% (12) positive for rotavirus, HAdV, and coinfection, respectively. Out of 22 HAdV antigen-positive cases, 15 cases were positive by PCR for enteric HAdV, with the prevalence rate of enteric HAdV gastroenteritis among all HAdV gastroenteritis cases of 68%, a serotyping study by PCR detected serotype 40 in 46.7% of cases (7/15) and serotype 41 in 53.3% of cases (8/15) with no statistically significant difference between them. The study confirmed that rotavirus and HAdV are prevalent etiological agents of diarrhea in children below the school-age group, highlighting the necessity of the rotavirus vaccine in addition to the obligatory schedule of vaccines in Egypt. Also, it determined that the enteric HAdV gastroenteritis prevalence rate was 68% among all HAdV gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed A Ghandour
- Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Kamal
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang J, Cao J, Ye Q. Nonpharmaceutical interventions against the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased the spread of enterovirus in children. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3581-3588. [PMID: 35474224 PMCID: PMC9088497 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise prevention and control measures have been adopted to impede the transmission of COVID-19 in China. This study was performed to investigate the effect of protective measures on gastrointestinal infection in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The data on the rotavirus and adenovirus antigen tests were collected in outpatient children due to gastroenteritis from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. According to age and month distribution, the positive number and rate of rotavirus and adenovirus in 2020 were compared with 2019. RESULTS A 3.8-fold and 4-fold reduction in the number of rotavirus- and adenovirus-positive patients in 2020 were found, respectively. The overall positive rate of rotavirus and adenovirus infection was drastically decreased in 2020 (rotavirus 2020: 18.18% vs 2019: 9.75%, P < 0.001; adenovirus 2020: 3.13% vs 2019: 1.58%, P < 0.001). The proportions of rotavirus and adenovirus in all age groups in 2020 decreased compared with those in 2019. The highest frequency of rotavirus infection occurred among children aged 1-3 years both in 2019 and 2020 (2019: 27.95% vs 2020: 17.19%, P < 0.001), while adenovirus infection was detected in children aged 3-5 years, which had the highest percent positivity (2019: 8.19% vs 2020: 4.46%; P < 0.001). An obvious peak prevalence of rotavirus incidence was found during December-April, and the percent positivity of rotavirus significantly decreased in 2020 (December 2019: 24.26% vs 2020: 8.44%, P < 0.001; January 2019: 40.67% vs 2020: 38.18%, P < 0.05; February 2019: 40.73% vs 2020: 15.04%, P < 0.001; March 2019: 31.47% vs 2020: 7.88%, P < 0.001; April 2019: 15.52% vs 2020: 4.78%, P < 0.001). The positive rate of adenovirus distributed throughout 2019 was 1.91%-4.86%, while the percent positivity during 2020 in the same period was much lower (0.00%-3.58%). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that the preventive and control measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic and the collateral benefit of these interventions have significantly decreased the transmission of rotavirus or adenovirus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - JiaJia Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
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Peer V, Schwartz N, Green MS. A Pooled Analysis of Sex Differences in Rotaviral Enteritis Incidence Rates in Three Countries Over Different Time Periods. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 3:228-237. [PMID: 35262061 PMCID: PMC8896211 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sex differences in incidence rates (IRs) of infectious diseases could provide clues to the mechanisms of infection. The results of studies on sex differences in the incidence of rotaviral enteritis have been inconsistent. Methods: We carried out a pooled analysis of sex differences in IRs for rotaviral enteritis in three countries for a period of 7–22 years. Male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were computed by age group, country, and years of reporting. A meta-analytic methodology was used to combine IRRs. Metaregression was performed to evaluate the contribution of age group, country, and years of reporting to the IRR. Results: Significantly higher IRs in males were found in the age groups 0–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years, with pooled IRRs (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 1.12 (1.09–1.14), 1.07 (1.05–1.09), and 1.13 (1.05–1.21), respectively. In adults, the sex differences were reversed with higher rates in females. The pooled male-to-female IRRs (with 95% CIs) were 0.66 (0.64–0.68), 0.78 (0.72–0.85), and 0.78 (0.72–0.84) for the age groups 15–44, 45–64, and 65+ years, respectively. Metaregression results demonstrated that age is responsible for much of the variation in IRRs. Conclusions: The higher rotaviral enteritis IRs in males at a very early age suggest that sex-related factors unrelated to exposure may play a role. The higher IRs in adult females could result, at least partly, from behavioral and occupational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Peer
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naama Schwartz
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Shams S, Tafaroji J, Aghaali M, Ahmadi N, Heydari H, Mousavi Nasab SD, Maurya VK. Prevalence of enteric adenovirus and co-infection with rotavirus in children under 15 years of age with gastroenteritis in Qom, Iran. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:256-262. [PMID: 36311970 PMCID: PMC9589133 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v15i3.2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The current study is the first performed in Qom to determine the prevalence of adenovirus and co-infections with rotavirus in children aged <15 years with gastroenteritis symptoms. BACKGROUND Gastroenteritis-associated viral infections are a cause of death among young children worldwide, especially in developing countries. The Adenovirus species F (40 and 41) are responsible for a range of acute diarrhea cases among infants and children. METHODS Over a period of 9 months, a total of 130 children suffering from intestinal problems who referred to the infectious ward of Children's Hospital were enrolled in the current study. After clinical examination and collection of demographic information, fecal samples were obtained from the patients. Viral genomes were extracted with a commercial kit and amplified and typed by adenovirus-specific PCR assay. Adenovirus-positive samples were also evaluated for co-infection with rotavirus. RESULTS Patients had a mean±SD age of 2.66±2.72 years; 63.1% of patients were male and 36.9% were female. Adenovirus infection was identified in 23 cases (17.7%), 21 (91.0%) and 2 (9.0%) of which were type 41 and type 40, respectively. Fever was the most common clinical manifestation among adenovirus-positive patients. No significant difference was observed between adenovirus infection and clinical symptoms, seasonal pattern, or serum laboratory results. Co-infection was found in only 5 cases (21.7%). CONCLUSION This study was the first to demonstrate adenovirus infection with a relatively high prevalence among children, especially infants, in Qom. The findings further revealed co-infection with rotavirus, indicating a health problem in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shams
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Javad Tafaroji
- Pediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghaali
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Heydari
- Pediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vineet Kumar Maurya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar- Garhwal, India
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Low Frequency of Adenovirus, Rotavirus, and Norovirus in Pediatric Diarrheal Samples from Central Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.118470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute viral gastroenteritis is a disorder that affects children globally but mostly in developing countries. Adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses are the leading viral causes of childhood gastroenteritis. Objectives: This study is the first to investigate the frequency of these viruses in diarrheal samples from pediatric patients living in central Iran. Methods: A total of 173 samples of pediatric diarrhea, from May 2015 to May 2016, were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The samples were analyzed using in-house developed PCR and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR methods to investigate the frequency of adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses. Results: Out of 173 samples of pediatric diarrhea, eight were shown to contain enteric viruses (4.6%): (1) four with adenoviruses (2.3%); (2) three with rotaviruses (1.7%); and (3) one with a genogroup II norovirus (0.6%). Most of the positive samples were obtained from children under the age of seven. The most common additional clinical symptoms in pediatric patients with viral agents were fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Conclusions: In central Iran, adenoviruses and rotaviruses were rarely found as agents responsible for gastroenteritis. Although viral gastroenteritis in this area had less frequency than bacterial gastroenteritis, we need to monitor all enteropathogenic agents for longer periods to understand better real endemicity and the possibility of unexpected viral enteritis outbreaks.
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Epidemiological, molecular, and clinical features of rotavirus infections among pediatrics in Qatar. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1177-1190. [PMID: 33411172 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a major cause of diarrhea in developing and developed countries. Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of severe pediatric diarrhea worldwide. Here we report on the prevalence of circulating genotypes in association with demographics and clinical manifestations outcomes in Qatar. A total of 231 RV-positive fecal samples were collected from children suffering from AGE during 3 years study period between June 2016 and June 2019. The age of the subjects ranged between 2 months and 14 years (median of 16 months). The VP4 and VP7 were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using MEGA7.0. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to determine significant differences for comparisons of general categorical variables. RV infections were most common in children between 1 and 3 years of age (49%), followed by those < 1 year and > 3 years of age (33% and 28%, respectively). RV infections were more frequent in males than females, with a ratio of 1.4:1. RV infections occurred throughout the year, with a noticeable increase in summer (42.8%) and a drop in winter (20.1%). RV genotypes G3P[8] (30.8%), G2P[8] (12.3%), G4P[8] (11.7%), and G1P[8] (10.4%) were the common genotypes during the study period. The G3P[8] strain detected in our study revealed similarities to the equine-like G3P[8] (10.3%; 24/231) (KT988229.1), Wa-like genomic constellation (9%; 21/231) (MF563894.1), and DS-1-like strains (6.4%; 15/231) (LC386081.1). Based on the Vesikari score system, severe clinical illness including diarrhea and vomiting (average frequency: 4 to 5 times/day) was recorded for G3P[8] group, followed by G9P[8], G4P[8], and G1P[8]. Higher incidence for G3P[8], G2P[8], G4P[8], and G1P[8] were reported in Qatari subjects compared to other nationalities. The multinational status of a small country explains the wide diversity of circulating RV genotypes in Qatar. The highest prevalence and severe illnesses were recorded to G3P[8], which is different from other surrounding countries/global levels.
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Mousavi Nasab SD, Zali F, Kaghazian H, Aghasadeghi MR, Mardani R, Gachkar L, Ahmadi Vasmehjani A, Ahmadi N, Ghasemzadeh A. Prevalence of astrovirus, adenovirus, and sapovirus infections among Iranian children with acute gastroenteritis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:S122-S127. [PMID: 33585013 PMCID: PMC7881414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Human Astroviruses (HAstVs), enteric Adenoviruses (HAdVs), and Sapoviruses (SaVs) in acute diarrhea patients, as well as their relation to age, sex, and season. BACKGROUND Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases affecting children <5 years old and viral agents with approximately >75% are the major causative agent of acute infectious diarrhea. After Rotavirus and Norovirus, the greater viral agents of acute gastroenteritis include HAstVs, HAdVs, and SaVs. To the best of our knowledge, there are sparse studies in Iran detecting at least three enteric viruses as causative agents of diarrhea simultaneously. METHODS The sample was collected from children referring to pediatric medical centers in Tehran, Iran; they were tested for Astrovirus, enteric Adenovirus, and Sapovirus by conventional PCR method. The association of incidence of viral enteric agents was evaluated with age, sex and seasonal pattern in children <5 years old. RESULTS The positive case number among acute gastroenteritis patients was 17/120 (14.1%). Patients ranged in age within 1-60 months, but 52.9% were aged ≤ 12 months. Males comprised the majority (70.6), and the male: female ratio was 2.4. HAstV was the most frequently detected virus (6.7%), while SaVs were detected only in 2.5% of cases. Mixed infections were not detected in these samples. The highest rate of HAstV was identified in winter (66.7%), HAdV in fall (66.7%), and SaV in winter (33.3%). CONCLUSION These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the epidemiology of HAstV, HAdV, and SaV as causative agents of viral diarrhea infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran ,Viral vaccine research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Kaghazian
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran ,Viral vaccine research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran ,Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood-borne diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajab Mardani
- Department of Viral vaccines, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Latif Gachkar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Infectious Diseases Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Lange CE, Niama FR, Cameron K, Olson SH, Aime Nina R, Ondzie A, Bounga G, Smith BR, Pante J, Reed P, Tamufe U, Laudisoit A, Goldstein T, Bagamboula MPassi R, Joly DO. First evidence of a new simian adenovirus clustering with Human mastadenovirus F viruses. Virol J 2019; 16:147. [PMID: 31775793 PMCID: PMC6880561 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenoviruses play an important role as human pathogens, though most infections are believed to be asymptomatic. The over 100 human adenovirus types are classified into seven species (A-G), some of which include simian adenoviruses. Recent findings have highlighted that simian adenoviruses have a zoonotic potential and that some human adenoviruses are likely the result of relatively recent spillover events. Methods In order to evaluate the risks associated with primates hunted and sold as bushmeat, multiple samples from 24 freshly killed monkeys were collected in the Republic of the Congo and tested for adenovirus DNA by PCRs targeting the conserved DNA polymerase and hexon genes. Results The DNA of a novel simian adenovirus was detected in a moustached monkey (Cercopithecus cephus) by the DNA polymerase PCR, but not by the hexon PCR. The 275 nucleotide amplicon was most closely related to members of the Human mastadenovirusF species (93% HAdV-40 and 89% HAdV-41 amino acid identity), rather than to other known simian adenoviruses. Conclusions The phylogenetic clustering with Human mastadenovirusF sequences suggests a common ancestor, more recent than the last common ancestor of humans and moustached monkeys. The findings increase concerns about the zoonotic potential of simian adenoviruses and highlight the need for more research and surveillance on the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien R Niama
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Kenneth Cameron
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.,Unites States Fish and Wildlife Service, Crossroads VA, Bailey's, USA
| | - Sarah H Olson
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Rock Aime Nina
- Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Brett R Smith
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Pante
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Damien O Joly
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.,British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, BC, Canada
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12
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Arashkia A, Bahrami F, Farsi M, Nejati B, Jalilvand S, Nateghian A, Rahbarimanesh A, Shoja Z. Molecular analysis of human adenoviruses in hospitalized children <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1930-1936. [PMID: 31283018 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs), especially AdV-40 and 41, are common causes of nonbacterial sporadic and outbreak gastroenteritis in children. The present study aimed to describe the frequency and genetic analysis of HAdVs in hospitalized children <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis. A total of 376 stool samples obtained from June 2015 to December 2017 were investigated for the presence of HAdVs by polymerase chain reaction. The HAdV DNA was detected in 16 (4.3%) out of 376 stool samples. Based on the hexon hypervariable region (HVR), B, C, and F HADV species including five types HAdV-1, 2, 3, 6, and 41 were identified, among which enteric AdV species F (EAdV-41) was the most dominant. Moreover, our findings showed the presence of genomic type cluster 1 (GTC1) pattern in Iranian type 41 strains, which was closely similar to the D1 prototype strain (Tak) and D28. In this regard, a recombination was found in AdV-41 strains presenting the hexon sequence that belonged to GTC1, while fiber sequence clustered with GTC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Arashkia
- Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ferial Bahrami
- Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Farsi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Behrooz Nejati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nateghian
- Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in the Childhood Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Badur S, Öztürk S, Pereira P, AbdelGhany M, Khalaf M, Lagoubi Y, Ozudogru O, Hanif K, Saha D. Systematic review of the rotavirus infection burden in the WHO-EMRO region. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2754-2768. [PMID: 30964372 PMCID: PMC6930073 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1603984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus gastroenteritis imposes a heavy burden on low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization defines the Eastern Mediterranean region (WHO-EMRO) as a diverse area in terms of socioeconomic status and health indicators. Rotavirus vaccination has been introduced, at least partially, in 19 out of the 22 EM countries; however, vaccine coverage remains low, and data on rotavirus disease burden is scarce.Available data on rotavirus prevalence, seasonality, vaccination status, and genotype evolution was systematically compiled following a literature review that identified 165 relevant WHO-EMRO epidemiology studies published between 1990 and 2017.Although the infectious agents responsible for acute gastroenteritis vary over time, rotavirus remained the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, as seen in 76.3% of reviewed publications. Younger children (<2 years old) were at higher risk and thus increased vaccination coverage and surveillance systems are required to reduce the rotavirus gastroenteritis burden in WHO-EMRO countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Badur
- MENA, Medical & Clinical Emerging Markets, GSK, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Öztürk
- MENA, Medical & Clinical Emerging Markets, GSK, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Priya Pereira
- Global Medical Affairs Rota/MMRV, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Mansour Khalaf
- EM Central Vaccines Medical/Clinical, GSK, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youness Lagoubi
- EM Central Vaccines Medical/Clinical, GSK, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Onur Ozudogru
- EM Central Vaccines Medical/Clinical, GSK, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kashif Hanif
- EM Central Vaccines Medical/Clinical, GSK, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Debasish Saha
- Epidemiology/Health Economics EM, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
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15
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Abbasi E, van Belkum A, Ghaznavi-Rad E. Quinolone and Macrolide-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni in Pediatric Gastroenteritis Patients from Central Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1080-1086. [PMID: 31021299 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To determine the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from pediatric diarrhea patients in central Iran. Materials and Methods: Stool specimens (n = 230) were investigated using a modified Gram stain, two specific culture media, and C. jejuni-specific PCR. Antibiotic resistance profiles and relevant resistance genes were determined. Genetic relationships among a selection of the isolates were studied by Fla typing. Results: Out of the 230 diarrhea samples, 48 (20.8%) cases of C. jejuni were identified using modified Gram stain, 45 (19.5%) using the culture media, and 76 (33%) cases were identified using PCR. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were observed in 37 (82.2%) strains against tetracycline, in 32 (71.1%) against ciprofloxacin, and in 31 (68.8%) against erythromycin. Twenty (44.4%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin simultaneously. Genotypic investigations found 36 (97.3%) strains carrying the tet (o) gene, 31 (96.8%) harboring the cmeB gene, 22 (68.7%) strains with the gyrA6 gene, 20 (64.5%) strains containing a 23S rRNA mutation, and 21 (65.6%) strains with the qnrS gene. Fla typing of a random subset of 14 strains revealed 11 different types showing the genomic diversity of the isolates. Strains sharing the same Fla type could be easily distinguished by their resistance gene profile. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate that genetically diverse quinolone-macrolide-resistant C. jejuni is an important cause of gastroenteritis in children from central Iran. Pediatricians should consider these resistance features once the antibiotic prescription is necessary for prevention of possible complications, especially in those under 5 years of age. Of note, most cases of Campylobacter diarrhea are self-limiting and antibiotics should only be prescribed in those cases where severe complications evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Department, BioMérieux, La Balme les Grottes, France
| | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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16
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Elmahdy EM, Ahmed NI, Shaheen MNF, Mohamed ECB, Loutfy SA. Molecular detection of human adenovirus in urban wastewater in Egypt and among children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2019; 17:287-294. [PMID: 30942778 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of enteric viruses in sewage, the efficacy of wastewater treatment plants to remove these viruses, and health effects from their release into the surface water are very important environmental issues in the microbiology field. One of the most pathogenic enteric viruses is adenovirus which can cause a serious disease such as gastroenteritis with low grade fever and mild dehydration in humans. In this study we performed qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of HAdV on 60 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to Abu-Rish hospital and 96 environmental samples (32 raw sewage, 32 treated sewage, 32 sewage sludge) collected from Zenin wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). HAdV were detected in 17 (28.3%) of stool, 27 (84.4%) of raw sewage, 16 (50%) of treated sewage and 25 (78%) of sludge samples. The viral concentrations were in the range of 2.02 × 106-7.23 × 106, 8.7 × 105-4.3 × 106, 1.22 × 104-3.7 × 106 and 1.48 × 106-1.77 × 107 GC/mL in stool, raw sewage, treated sewage, and sludge, respectively. HAdV was detected throughout the whole year of sample collection. Moreover, our results suggested that males were more susceptible to adenovirus infections than females. The results indicate that the high incidence of HAdV in the treated sewage may cause adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmahdy M Elmahdy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environmental Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt E-mail:
| | - Nehal I Ahmed
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environmental Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt E-mail:
| | - Mohamed N F Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environmental Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt E-mail:
| | - El-Chaimaa B Mohamed
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Detection and Genotyping of Viral Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children Below Five Years Old in Cairo, Egypt. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.60288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Afrad MH, Avzun T, Haque J, Haque W, Hossain ME, Rahman AR, Ahmed S, Faruque ASG, Rahman MZ, Rahman M. Detection of enteric- and non-enteric adenoviruses in gastroenteritis patients, Bangladesh, 2012-2015. J Med Virol 2018; 90:677-684. [PMID: 29244212 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Limited data exist on HAdVs molecular epidemiology associated with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh. We describe the genetic diversity and epidemiology of HAdVs among hospitalized diarrhea patients, including HAdV genotypes, clinical symptoms, and co-infecting enteric pathogens. Stool samples were collected from ongoing diarrhea surveillance during 2012-2015. HAdV was detected using PCR and genotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Detailed socio-demographic and clinical information regarding each individual was recorded such as duration of diarrhea, dehydration status, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, and severity. Of 871 fecal specimens, HAdV DNA was detected in 93 (10.7%). Among them 56% were co-infected with other known enteric viral and bacterial pathogens and 31.6% had severe gastroenteritis. The majority (55%) of HAdV positives were children <5 years of age. Two main clinical symptoms in HAdV infected patients were diarrhea and vomiting. HAdVs were detected throughout the year with low prevalence in winter (November-January). Five HAdV species (A, B, C, D, and F) including 17 different genotypes were identified during the study period, with enteric HAdV species F (HAdV-40/41) being the most dominant. However, non-enteric HAdV were also detected in substantial proportion of specimens (15% species C, 15% species D, 10.8% species A, and 4.3% species B). Our study demonstrates high genetic diversity of HAdVs including enteric and non-enteric HAdVs among diarrhea patients and provides a foundation for further clarification of the role of non-enteric HAdVs in diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokibul Hassan Afrad
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnuva Avzun
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jahurul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Warda Haque
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hossain
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afm Rajibur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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19
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Etiological Agents of Pediatric Diarrhea in Ardebil, Northwestern Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.11771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Zaraket H, Charide R, Kreidieh K, Dbaibo G, Melhem NM. Update on the epidemiology of rotavirus in the Middle East and North Africa. Vaccine 2017; 35:6047-6058. [PMID: 28986034 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Consequently, we conducted a systematic literature review on articles studying RV in the 25 countries of the MENA region during the past 15years (2000-2015). The methods and reporting were set according to the 2015 preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) and based on the elements from the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). Our literature search identified 169 studies meeting our predefined inclusion criteria. Studies reporting on RV were conducted in 19 out of the 24 countries of the MENA region. The largest number of studies was reported in Turkey (n=32), Iran (n=31), Saudi Arabia (n=19) and Egypt (n=17). The majority of studies reporting on RV gastroenteritis rates were clinical observational studies. In 115 studies out of 169, RV was reported among in-patients whereas 35 studies reported RV among outpatients. The predominantly reported RV genotype in the region was G1[P8] followed by G2[P4] and G9[P8]. The majority of studies (n=108) were conducted among children less than 5years of age whereas the remaining studies reported on AGE among other age groups and rarely adults. In MENA countries, RV infection was reported all year round with peaks described in cold as well as hot months. This systematic review provides a current update on the epidemiology of RV-associated gastroenteritis in countries of the MENA region and draws attention to the major gaps existing in the continuous monitoring of RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Charide
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khalil Kreidieh
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada M Melhem
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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21
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Monavari SHR, Hadifar S, Mostafaei S, Miri A, Keshavarz M, Babaei F, Moghoofei M. Epidemiology of Rotavirus in the Iranian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Glob Infect Dis 2017; 9:66-72. [PMID: 28584458 PMCID: PMC5452554 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.205173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is associated with increased risk for severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence rate of rotavirus from different parts of Iran and provide an overall relative frequency (RF) for Iran. We performed a systematic literature review from several databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, OVID, MAG IRAN, IranMedex, and Iranian Scientific Information Database. We searched the following keywords: "rotavirus," "rotavirus infection," "acute gastroenteritis," "diarrhea," "children," "infant," and "Iran." The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of rotavirus with the application of meta-analysis. We selected 43 researches out of 1147 for our study. From all the samples, the pooled estimate of prevalence (95% confidence interval) =39.9% (0.396%-0.409%) were rotavirus positive. It should be noted that rotavirus infection's RF varied from 6.4% to 79.3% in Birjand and Tehran Provinces, respectively. Thereupon, it is divergent in different studies. According to our study result, rotavirus RF has a wide range in Iran and is associated with diarrhea in children. Thus, further researches should be taken to minimize the emergence and transmission of rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Hadifar
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Miri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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ÇOLAK M, BOZDAYI G, ALTAY A, YALAKİ Z, AHMED K, ÖZKAN S. Detection and molecular characterisation of adenovirus in children under 5 years old with diarrhoea. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:1463-1471. [DOI: 10.3906/sag-1510-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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23
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Sanaei Dashti A, Ghahremani P, Hashempoor T, Karimi A. Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2045697. [PMID: 26880883 PMCID: PMC4736959 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2045697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major sources of morbidity and mortality among young children in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human adenovirus- (HAdV-) 40 and HAdV-41 in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in five different health centers of Iran. Methods. In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, we studied 2682 fecal specimens that were collected from children under the age of 5 years in five educational and therapeutic pediatric centers in Iran from February 2012 to February 2013. Samples were tested for HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, using a specific pair of primers in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results. HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were detected in 132 (5.18%) of the patients with diarrhea. A significantly higher prevalence of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 (58.3%) was observed in children under 12 months of age, compared to other age groups. The male to female ratio was 1.7. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated that HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 could be considered etiological agents for acute gastroenteritis among children in Iran. The PCR as a rapid test may increase the chance for a relatively mild course of the disease followed by a complete recovery and avoiding administration of unnecessary antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Sanaei Dashti
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193613311, Iran
| | - Pedram Ghahremani
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Hashempoor
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193613311, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Mayindou G, Ngokana B, Sidibé A, Moundélé V, Koukouikila-Koussounda F, Christevy Vouvoungui J, Kwedi Nolna S, Velavan TP, Ntoumi F. Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus and adenovirus in Congolese children with gastroenteritis. J Med Virol 2015; 88:596-605. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gontran Mayindou
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Berge Ngokana
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Anissa Sidibé
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Victoire Moundélé
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Jeannhey Christevy Vouvoungui
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Sylvie Kwedi Nolna
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Capacity for Leadership Excellence and Research; Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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25
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Sharifi-Rad J, Hoseini Alfatemi SM, Sharifi-Rad M, Miri A. Frequency of adenoviruses, rotaviruses and noroviruses among diarrhea samples collected from infants of zabol, southeastern iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e15440. [PMID: 25834718 PMCID: PMC4377170 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viruses are one of the major reasons of gastrointestinal disease worldwide, and commonly infect children less than five years of age in developing countries. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the frequency of adenoviruses, rotaviruses and noroviruses among diarrhea samples collected from infants of Zabol, south-east of Iran. This study is the first investigation of adenoviruses, rotaviruses and noroviruses among diarrhea samples in Zabol. Patients and Methods: In this study, eighty-two diarrhea stool samples were collected from infants aged < 1 to 12 months admitted to the hospital, internal laboratory and central laboratory of Zabol, Iran. All samples were subjected to the rapid immunochromatography assay. Results: The results showed that the frequency of rotaviruses, adenoviruses and noroviruses among infants with diarrhea were 70.20%, 20.30% and 9.50%, respectively. There were 50 subjects aged one to five months and 2 subjects aged nine to twelve months. The results of geographical distribution showed that the number of infants living in rural and urban areas with these viruses were 50 and 32, respectively. Rotaviruses were most common in rural and urban infants with 42 and 10 cases, respectively. Regarding the feeding patterns of infants with diarrhea, mixed feeding and breast feeding were found in 51 and 31 cases, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of our study showed that the major viral pathogens that caused infantile diarrhea in Zabol city were rotaviruses followed by adenoviruses and noroviruses. The results of our study can useful for prosperous control of infantile diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, IR Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahsan Hoseini Alfatemi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Seyedeh Mahsan Hoseini Alfatemi, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122439963, E-mail:
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, IR Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Miri
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, IR Iran
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Moradi-Lakeh M, Shakerian S, Yaghoubi M, Esteghamati A, Shokraneh F, Baradaran HR, Ghanaee RM. Rotavirus Infection in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:1213-23. [PMID: 25400878 PMCID: PMC4223939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent studies show that Rotavirus is important cause of the acute gastroenteritis. The aim of this review is to estimate the number of Rotavirus infection among Iranian children by performing a systematic review and estimating a pooled data. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review in relevant databases including PUBMED, MEDLINE, OVID, SID, MAGIRAN, and IRANMEDEX. Search in databases was done in October 10, 2013. Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA statistical package version 11. We assessed heterogeneity by Q-test and used random model for pooling measures of proportion of Rotavirus infection among Iranian children with diarrhea (and 95% confidence intervals [CI]). Sub group analysis between in-patient and outpatient group were done and publication bias was assessed by Egger and Begg tests. RESULTS A total of 154 records were identified in our searching. There were 36 studies including a total of 15,368 children with diarrhea. Out of 15,368 children, 6,338 were positive for Rotavirus gastroenteritis. Overall pooled estimate of infection with Rotavirus among cases of gastroenteritis was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.28-0.41). Pooled estimates for hospitalized children and outpatient subgroups were 0.39 (95% CI, 0.30-0.48), and 0.31 (95% CI, 0.23-0.38), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the importance of Rotavirus in the Iranian population such as common cause of diarrhea among children. Therefore, decision to adopt immunization programs to prevent Rotavirus infection might be helpful in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Department of Community Medicine, Gastro-Intestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sareh Shakerian
- Department of Educational Management, Economics and policy, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence to: Dr. Sareh Shakerian, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Yaghoubi
- Department of Community Medicine, Clinical Knowledge Management Unit, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Department of Pediatrics, Akbarabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frahad Shokraneh
- Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, Institute of Mental Health, A Partnership Between The University of Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | - Hamid-Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Mansour Ghanaee
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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