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Ahmad AAM, Abdelgalil SY, Khamis T, Abdelwahab AMO, Atwa DN, Elmowalid GA. Thymoquinone' potent impairment of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NorA efflux pump activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16483. [PMID: 39013998 PMCID: PMC11252345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux pump is a crucial mechanism implicated in resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Thymoquinone (TQ) has evidently demonstrated multiple activities, antibacterial being the most effective. Knowledge about TQ activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is very scarce. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate TQ resistance modulation in ciprofloxacin (CIP) and doxycycline (DO) multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Forty-seven samples were collected from different sources, and S. aureus was isolated and identified. Then, S. aureus resistance profiles to antimicrobials, N. sativa essential oil, and TQ; the correlation between TQ-MIC readings and disc diffusion; cartwheel and ethidium bromide (EtBr) accumulation assays; and norA gene expression were all described within silico molecular docking for TQ interactions with norA efflux pump protein. TQ-MICs ranged from 5-320 µg/ml. TQ down-regulated norA gene expression, resulting in a drop in efflux pump activity of 77.5-90.6% in the examined strains, comparable to that observed with verapamil. Exposure of S. aureus strains to CIP and DO raises the initial basal efflux pumping expression to 34.2 and 22.9 times, respectively. This induced efflux pumping overexpression was substantially reduced by 97.7% when TQ was combined with CIP or DO. There was a significant reduction of MICs of CIP and DO MICs by 2-15 and 2-4 folds, respectively, after treatment with 0.5XMIC-TQ in resistance modulation assays. These results refer to TQ ligand inhibitory interactions with NorA protein in molecular docking. Interpretations of inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) of disc diffusion and TQ-MICs exhibit independence of MICs from IZDs, as indicated by invalid linear regression analysis. TQ significantly reduced efflux pumping S. aureus induced by CIP and DO, but further investigations are needed to improve TQ-pharmacokinetics to restore CIP and DO activity and suppress fluoroquinolone and doxycycline-resistant S. aureus selection in clinical and animal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Attia M Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Sara Y Abdelgalil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M O Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dina Nader Atwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Elmowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Urgesa G, Lu L, Gao J, Guo L, Qin T, Liu B, Xie J, Xi B. Natural Sunlight-Mediated Emodin Photoinactivation of Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5444. [PMID: 38791482 PMCID: PMC11121522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila can be a substantial concern, as it causes various diseases in aquaculture. An effective and green method for inhibiting A. hydrophila is urgently required. Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone compound, was exploited as a photo-antimicrobial agent against A. hydrophila. At the minimum inhibitory concentration of emodin (256 mg/L) to inactivate A. hydrophilia in 30 min, an 11.32% survival rate was observed under 45 W white compact fluorescent light irradiation. In addition, the antibacterial activity under natural sunlight (0.78%) indicated its potential for practical application. Morphological observations demonstrated that the cell walls and membranes of A. hydrophila were susceptible to damage by emodin when exposed to light irradiation. More importantly, the photoinactivation of A. hydrophila was predominantly attributed to the hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals produced by emodin, according to the trapping experiment and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Finally, a light-dependent reactive oxygen species punching mechanism of emodin to photoinactivate A. hydrophila was proposed. This study highlights the potential use of emodin in sunlight-mediated applications for bacterial control, thereby providing new possibilities for the use of Chinese herbal medicine in aquatic diseases prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelana Urgesa
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (G.U.); (J.G.)
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (T.Q.); (B.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Liushen Lu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (T.Q.); (B.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (G.U.); (J.G.)
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (T.Q.); (B.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Lichun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Ting Qin
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (T.Q.); (B.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (T.Q.); (B.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jun Xie
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (T.Q.); (B.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (G.U.); (J.G.)
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (T.Q.); (B.L.); (J.X.)
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Kondera E, Bojarski B, Ługowska K, Kot B, Witeska M. Hematological and Hematopoietic Effects of Bactericidal Doses of Trans-Cinnamaldehyde and Thyme Oil on Cyprinus carpio Juveniles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:771243. [PMID: 34899393 PMCID: PMC8652124 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of two potential antibacterial agents of plant origin: trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and thyme oil (TO) on the peripheral blood parameters and cellular composition of hematopoietic tissue of Cyprinus carpio were studied. Both phytochemicals were used in the doses based on the bactericidal concentrations against Aeromonas spp. developed earlier in in vitro study. The fish were fed for 2 weeks on a commercial feed supplemented with 10 μl/kg of TC or 20 μl/kg of TO. Groups TC1 and TO1 were fed diets containing phytochemicals daily, while groups TC2 and TO2 every 2 days. Control group and groups TC2 and TO2 on the remaining days were fed plain feed. Peripheral blood and head kidney hematopoietic tissue were sampled from all the fish at the end of the experiment. In all the groups, hematological values were within the reference ranges for the healthy common carp juveniles. However, blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly lower in all the groups exposed to TC and TO, while MCH in TC1, TO1, and TO2 compared to the control. TC and TO did not affect leukocyte count [white blood cell (WBC)], differential leukocyte count, the oxidative activity of phagocytes [nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)], or thrombocyte count (Thro). No significant alterations were observed in the hematopoietic tissue. The results showed that TC and TO exhibited no considerable hematotoxic effects and trials of their use in the treatment of fish infected with Aeromonas spp. may be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kondera
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bojarski
- Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zaborze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ługowska
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Barbara Kot
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Witeska
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
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Antibacterial Activity of Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Calendula officinalis against Potentially Clinical Bacterial Strains. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195929. [PMID: 34641478 PMCID: PMC8513099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in the biomedical area has been increasing as an alternative to the growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In this research, SeNPs were synthesized by green synthesis using ascorbic acid (AsAc) as a reducing agent and methanolic extract of Calendula officinalis L. flowers as a stabilizer. Characterization of SeNPs was performed by UV-vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. SeNPs of 40–60 nm and spherical morphologies were obtained. The antibacterial activity of marigold extracts and fractions was evaluated by disk diffusion methodology. The evaluation of SeNPs at different incubation times was performed through the colony-forming unit (CFU) count, in both cases against Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria. Partial antibacterial activity was observed with methanolic extracts of marigold leaves and flowers and total inhibition with SeNPs from 2 h for S. marcescens, 1 h for E. cloacae, and 30 min for A. faecalis. In addition, SeNPs were found to exhibit antioxidant activity. The results indicate that SeNPs present a potentiated effect of both antimicrobial and antioxidant activity compared to the individual use of marigold extracts or sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Their application emerges as an alternative for the control of clinical pathogens.
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Metin S, Didinen BI, Telci I, Diler O. Essential oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh., composition and antibacterial activity against bacterial fish pathogens. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190478. [PMID: 34468488 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, it was determinated the essential oil of cultivated apple mint, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of against 11 fish pathogen bacteria including Gram-positive (Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sp., Lactococcus garvieae, Vagococus salmoninarum) and Gram-negative (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria Aeromonas cavieae, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella tarda) by using agar diffusion assay. The main component of M. suaveolence oil was obtained as piperitenone oxide. The essential oil exhibited strong inhibitory activity such as inhibition zone sizes: 30-50mm at 250-1000 µL mL-1 concentrations against V. anguillarum; 16-20mm at 31.25-125 µL mL-1 concentrations against P. aeroginosa; 15-18mm at 500-1000 µL mL-1 concentrations against A. sobria. However, it was found to be moderately effective against E. tarda (8-15 mm), Y. ruckeri (9-12mm), S. warneri (9-10mm), V. salmoninarum (9mm) and Staphylococcus sp. (8-9mm). The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against A. cavieae (5-8), A. hydrophila (6-7mm), L. garvieae (5-7mm). Thus, effect of essential oil of M. suaveolens on immune response and disease resistance against Vibrio anguillarum, A. sobria and P. aeroginosa should be investigated in vivo in cultured fish species in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Metin
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Eğirdir Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Behire I Didinen
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Eğirdir Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Isa Telci
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Oznur Diler
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Eğirdir Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Isparta 32260, Turkey
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Hanafy SM, Abd El-Shafea YM, Saleh WD, Fathy HM. Chemical profiling, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of pomegranate, orange and banana peel-extracts against pathogenic microorganisms. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:80. [PMID: 34056675 PMCID: PMC8165049 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of natural preservatives became of great interest; good examples of these natural preservation agents are plant peels. The use of plant peels has dual benefits; first is their antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens, while the second is minimizing agro-industrial wastes. Results The evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of both methanolic and ethanolic extracts of three fruit peels (orange, pomegranate, and banana), against 4 Gram-positive (G+), 3 Gram-negative bacteria (G−), and 2 fungal strains revealed that both pomegranate peel extracts exhibited significantly higher inhibitory effect on all tested G+ bacteria. Methanolic extract of pomegranate peel gave higher activity than the ethanolic one against G+ and G− bacteria except for S. typhimurium. Against A. flavus and A. niger, both pomegranate and orange extracts showed activity ranging between 65 and 100% more than the positive control. The ethanolic extracts of all tested peels showed a considerable capacity of antioxidant compounds compared to the methanolic extracts. The highest antioxidant capacity was found for ethanolic and methanolic extracts of pomegranate, 66.870 and 56.262 mg/ml, respectively. Generally, the concentration of total phenolic compounds was higher than that of total flavonoids followed by tannins. The highest readings of all tested constituents were reported for pomegranate extracts followed by orange and then banana. The total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and tannins were proportional to antioxidant values. GC-MS of pomegranate peel extracts identified 23 compounds in the methanolic extract versus 31 compounds in the ethanolic one. These components were identified based on their retention times and mass spectral fragmentation pattern. 5-hydroxymethylfufural (HMF) represented the major component in both methanolic and ethanolic extracts with peak area percentage of 65.78% and 48.43%, respectively. Conclusions The results showed negative effect of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of pomegranate on G+ and G− bacteria and two fungal pathogenic strains. The phytochemical analysis regarded these results to the high content of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. GC-MS chromatogram identified many compounds known to be effective as antioxidants and antibacterial and antifungal agents. These indications show that pomegranate peel may be a superior natural food-preserver, but further studies about the suitable formulation, dosage, and possible side-effects are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safynaz Magdy Hanafy
- Regional Centre for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Hayam Mohamed Fathy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Palanikani R, Chanthini KMP, Soranam R, Thanigaivel A, Karthi S, Senthil-Nathan S, Murugesan AG. Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata supplements induce a non-specific immune system against the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Indian major carp (Labeo rohita). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23420-23436. [PMID: 31363972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, an opportunistic fish pathogen, which causes several major diseases including skin ulcer and haemorrhagic septicemia, contributes considerably to the lethality in aquaculture. Chemical and antibiotic treatment employed against A. hydrophila for disease management are expensive and consequently prompted the advent of drug resistance among the pathogens. To overcome these draw backs, alternative aquatic disease control methods using conventional plant-based medicines are focussed. Our present study aimed to augment the fish non-specific immune system with the implementation of methanolic crude extracts of Andrographis paniculata to Labeo rohita, for evaluating their efficacy against A. hydrophila. Histology of major organs of A. hydrophila-infected fish such as the gills and liver displayed severe tissue damage. A. paniculata extracts exhibited the strong antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila even at lower concentrations (50 μl). The extracts also altered the haematological profile of treated infected fishes by increasing the levels of haemoglobin and total erythrocyte-leucocyte counts, along with the phagocytic index. The extracts also had a significant impact on modifying the anatomy and swimming pattern of infected fish, post treatment with the extracts. Also, A. paniculata treated infected fishes in all the plant extract administration methods, viz. injection, oral feeding and diffusion, and reduced the cumulative mortality rate to less than 30%. Even lower concentrations of A. paniculata extracts (50 μl) resulted in maximum relative percentage survival of treated fishes. Therefore, our findings suggest that A. paniculata was effective against A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture, thereby maintaining a healthy status of these fishes in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Palanikani
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Ramaiah Soranam
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Annamalai Thanigaivel
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India.
| | - Arunachalam Ganesan Murugesan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
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Widyarman AS, Lay SH, Wendhita IP, Tjakra EE, Murdono FI, Binartha CTO. Indonesian Mangosteen Fruit ( Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel Extract Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Biofilms In vitro. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 10:123-128. [PMID: 32015654 PMCID: PMC6975002 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_758_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis are caries and periodontal disease-related bacteria. The mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and xanthones that have antibacterial properties. Aims: The aim of this study is to analyze mangosteen peel extracts’ ability to inhibit S. mutans and P. gingivalis has biofilms growth in vitro. Materials and Methods: Mangosteen peel extract effects on the S. mutans ATCC-3198 and P. gingivalis ATCC-3327 in biofilms growth were evaluated by a crystal violet biofilm assay. Each bacterium was inoculated into a brain–heart infusion broth for 24 h at 37°C anaerobic conditions. A volume of 200 μL (107 colony-forming unit/mL) of bacterial suspension were distributed in microplate wells and incubated for 24 h. Mangosteen peel extracts with different concentrations were added into biofilm wells. Biofilm without treatment was used as negative control. Biofilm mass was calculated by 0.5% crystal violet staining, and optical density was measured at 600 nm using microplate reader. All obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test with P < 0.05 set as the level of significance. Results: The results showed that mangosteen peel extract could inhibit the growth of S. mutans and P. gingivalis in biofilms significantly compared to the negative control (P < 0.05). The most effective concentration and incubation time for inhibiting biofilm growth was 100% in 6 h for S. mutans and 100% in 24 h for P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Mangosteen peel extract is effective at inhibiting S. mutans and P. gingivalis biofilms, and this antibiofilm agent can be an alternative therapy in preventing caries and periodontal disease. Future studies are needed to explore this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sammy H Lay
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Eugene E Tjakra
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Aeromonas hydrophila, an Emerging Causative Agent of Freshwater-Farmed Whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100450. [PMID: 31614964 PMCID: PMC6843590 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a well-known bacterial pathogen associated with mass mortalities in aquaculture. Yet, few reports are available on whiteleg shrimp-pathogenic A. hydrophila. In the present study, a virulent isolate WS05 was confirmed as a causative agent of diseased freshwater-cultured whiteleg shrimp and showed a mean lethal dose (LD50) value of 4.8 × 104 CFU mL−1. It was identified phenotypically and molecularly as an A. hydrophila strain, and exhibited susceptibility to several veterinary antibiotics extensively used in aquaculture, including cotrimoxazole, doxycycline, florfenicol, neomycin, and tetracycline. In view of the strongest inhibition zone of florfenicol against isolate WS05, the synergistic effect of the combinations of florfenicol and herb extracts was further evaluated, and the result indicated that Punica granatum extract was a potential synergist of florfenicol against isolate WS05 and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) for the florfenicol-P. granatum extract was calculated as 0.31. When combined with 7.81 mg mL−1P. granatum extract, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of florfenicol against isolate WS05 was reduced from 0.50 to 0.03 mg L−1, and its activity against isolate WS05 was also enhanced with a significant reduction of ≥3.61 log in cell density after 24 h of treatment compared with that in the single drug treatment. In addition, the protective effect was potentiated by the combination of florfenicol and P. granatum extract, with a cumulative mortality of 36.66% (p < 0.05) and 33.33% (p < 0.05) lower than that in the single treatment with florfenicol and P. granatum extract after the challenge with isolate WS05 for seven days. As far as we know, this is the first study to describe whiteleg shrimp-pathogenic A. hydrophila and suggest P. granatum extract as a potential synergist of florfenicol against the A. hydrophila pathogen.
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Zhao Y, Li H, Wei S, Zhou X, Xiao X. Antimicrobial Effects of Chemical Compounds Isolated from Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCHM) Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria: A Review Paper. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:125-137. [PMID: 30332952 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181017143141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria seriously threaten human lives. Although antibiotic therapy is effective in the treatment of bacterial infections, the overuse of antibiotics has led to an increased risk of antibiotic resistance, putting forward urgent requirements for novel antibacterial drugs. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) and its constituents are considered to be potential sources of new antimicrobial agents. Currently, a series of chemical compounds purified from TCHM have been reported to fight against infections by drug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on TCHM-derived compounds treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Further studies are still needed for the discovery of potential antibacterial components from TCHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
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Karalija E, Parić A, Dahija S, Bešta-Gajević R, Ćavar Zeljković S. Phenolic compounds and bioactive properties of Verbascum glabratum subsp. bosnense (K. Malý) Murb., an endemic plant species. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:2407-2411. [PMID: 30580595 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1538221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Detailed analysis of phenolic composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Verbascum glabratum subsp. bosnense (K. Malý) Murb., an endemic species of southeastern Dinaric Alps was performed for the first time. The phenolic composition measured via UHPLC-MS/MS of four extract with different polarity suggested this plant species is very rich in both phenolic acids and flavonoids. Ethanol extract was chemically the most versatile containing 12 compounds with quercitrin and rosmarinic acid as the majors, while water extracts were rich in 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, morin, and apigenin. All extracts showed high antioxidant potential measured spectrophotometrically with IC50 values ranging 0.139 - 0.021 mg/mL. Antimicrobial testing using agar diffusion test showed that ethanol extract was the most potent against all tested organisms. Also, these activities are correlated with the content of phenolic compounds, which suggest they are active ingredients of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Karalija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adisa Parić
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sabina Dahija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Renata Bešta-Gajević
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Central Laboratories and Research Support Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Hennia A, Miguel MG, Nemmiche S. Antioxidant Activity of Myrtus communis L. and Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab. Extracts: A Brief Review. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E89. [PMID: 30103510 PMCID: PMC6165143 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myrtus communis L. (myrtle) and Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab. (Saharan myrtle) have been used in folk medicine for alleviating some ailments. M. communis is largely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin, whereas M. nivellei is confined in specific zones of the central Saharan mountains. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of berry and leaf extracts isolated from myrtle are deeply documented, whereas those isolated from Saharan myrtle extracts are less studied. In both species, the major groups of constituents include gallic acid derivatives, flavonols, flavonol derivatives, and hydroxybenzoic acids. In coloured berries, anthocyanins are also present. In M. nivellei extracts are reported for some compounds not described in M. communis so far: 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole-β-d-glucopyranoside, 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole 2-O-α-l-arabinofuranosyl (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, rugosin A, and rugosin B. Berries and leaves extracts of both species had antioxidant activity. Comparative studies of the antioxidant activity between leaf and berry myrtle extracts revealed that leaf extracts are best antioxidants, which can be assigned to the galloyl derivatives, flavonols, and flavonols derivatives, although the ratio of these groups of compounds might also have an important role in the antioxidant activity. The anthocyanins present in myrtle berries seem to possess weak antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of sample extracts depended on various factors: harvesting time, storage, extraction solvent, extraction type, and plant part used, among other factors. Leaf extracts of myrtle revealed to possess anti-inflammatory activity in several models used. This property has been attributed either to the flavonoids and/or hydrolysable tannins, nevertheless nonprenylated acylphloroglucinols (e.g., myrtucommulone and semimyrtucommulone) have also revealed a remarkable role in that activity. The biological activities of myrtle extracts found so far may direct its use towards for stabilizing complex lipid systems, as prebiotic in food formulations, and as novel therapeutic for the management of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Hennia
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, BP 188/227, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria.
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, MeditBio, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Said Nemmiche
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, BP 188/227, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria.
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Sheikhlar A, Meng GY, Alimon R, Romano N, Ebrahimi M. Dietary Euphorbia hirta Extract Improved the Resistance of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus to Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2017; 29:225-235. [PMID: 28937913 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2017.1374310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous and methanol extracts of lemon Citrus limon peel, Euphorbia hirta (aerial parts), and fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. A swab paper disk method showed that the methanol extract of E. hirta (EHE) had the largest inhibition zone and the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration compared to all other herbal extracts. Based on these results, EHE was included in the diets of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus at 0 (control), 2, 5, or 7 g/kg of diet (experiment 1). Each treatment was conducted in triplicate, with 30 fish (mean weight ± SE = 9.4 ± 0.4 g) in each replicate. After 30 d, the growth, feed intake, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma biochemical parameters were measured. With a separate batch of Sharptooth Catfish, the efficacy of the EHE diets in conferring fish resistance to A. hydrophila over 30 d was compared to that of a diet containing oxytetracycline (OTC; experiment 2). Six treatments were conducted in triplicate groups of 30 fish (mean weight ± SE = 9.0 ± 0.3 g); the Control fish were fed the control diet and were not injected with A. hydrophila, while the Control-AH and OTC-AH groups were infected with A. hydrophila and were fed either the control diet or the diet containing OTC at 1 g/199 g. The other three treatments included fish that were injected with A. hydrophila but fed diets with increasing EHE at 2, 5, or 7 g/kg. Experiment 1 showed no change to growth, feeding efficiency, HSI, or plasma biochemical parameters. In experiment 2, however, fish that were fed dietary EHE at 5 g/kg had significantly lower mortality than the Control-AH group, with further resistance observed for fish fed EHE at 7 g/kg. Dietary OTC was more effective than EHE as a prophylactic to A. hydrophila infection in Sharptooth Catfish. Nevertheless, EHE can potentially be a valuable dietary supplement to improve the resistance of Sharptooth Catfish to A. hydrophila infection. Received May 3, 2017; accepted August 24, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Sheikhlar
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- b Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
- c Institute of Tropical Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Razak Alimon
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Nicholas Romano
- d Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- b Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
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Narchin P, Saraeyan A, Afra E. Evaluation of eco-friendly compounds in the manufacturing of antibacterial papers. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1095-1103. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1380023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Narchin
- Department of Wood and Paper, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Saraeyan
- Department of Wood and Paper, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elyas Afra
- Department of Wood and Paper, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Oliveira JRD, de Jesus Viegas D, Martins APR, Carvalho CAT, Soares CP, Camargo SEA, Jorge AOC, de Oliveira LD. Thymus vulgaris L. extract has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in the absence of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:271-279. [PMID: 28683409 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the biological effects of the T. vulgaris L. extract., such as antimicrobial activity on planktonic cultures and mono- and polymicrobial biofilms, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity and genotoxicity. METHODS Monomicrobial biofilms of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and polymicrobial biofilms composed by C. albicans with each bacterium were formed for 48h and exposed for 5min to the plant extract. Murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1), human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) were also exposed to the plant extract for 5min and the cell viability were analyzed by MTT, neutral red (NR) and crystal violet (CV) assays. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced by RAW 264.7 was quantified by ELISA, after 24h exposure to the plant extract, both in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. Genotoxicity of the plant extract was evaluated by micronucleus formation (MN) in 1000 cells. The results were analyzed by T-Test or ANOVA and Tukey's Test (P≤0.05). RESULTS All biofilms showed significant reductions in CFU/mL (colony-forming units per milliliter). Cell viability was above 50% for all cell lines. Anti-inflammatory effect on the synthesis of IL-1β and TNF-α was observed. The MN was similar or lower than the control group in all cells. CONCLUSIONS T. vulgaris L. extract was effective against all biofilms, promoted high cell viability, anti-inflammatory effect and presented no genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP). Institute of Science and Technology. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daiane de Jesus Viegas
- São Paulo State University (UNESP). Institute of Science and Technology. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Réquia Martins
- São Paulo State University (UNESP). Institute of Science and Technology. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP). Institute of Science and Technology. Department of Restorative Dentistry. São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pacheco Soares
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP). Institute of Research and Development. São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP). Institute of Science and Technology. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- São Paulo State University (UNESP). Institute of Science and Technology. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP). Institute of Science and Technology. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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