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Hashemzadeh MS, Gharari N. Biosynthesis of a VLP-type nanocarrier specific to cancer cells using the BEVS expression system for targeted drug delivery. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:20. [PMID: 36795253 PMCID: PMC9932404 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a small virus without an envelope that consists of three viral proteins including VP1, VP2, and VP3. Exclusively, the VP2 can form a typically CPV-sized virus-like particle (CPV-VLP) that can be used as a biological nanocarrier for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes since these VLPs can target cancer cells specially through the transferrin surface receptors (TFRs). Consequently, we aimed to produce these nanocarriers to be used for specific targeting of cancer cells. METHODS Sf9 insect cells were transfected with constructed recombinant bacmid shuttle vector encoding an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and CPV-VP2 by the cationic lipids of Cellfectin II. Subsequently, two recombinant baculoviruses expressing EGFP and VP2 were produced and expression of VP2 was increased under the optimal condition. In consequence, the CPV-VLP nanoparticles composed of recombinant VP2 subunits were extracted. The purity of VLPs was then evaluated by SDS-PAGE, and the structural integrity and quality of the final product were evaluated by TEM and HA methods. Eventually, the size distribution of the produced biological nanoparticles and their uniformity were determined by the DLS method. RESULTS The expression of EGFP protein was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy, and the expression of VP2 protein was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Infected Sf9 insect cells also showed cytopathic effects (CPEs), and the maximum expression of VP2 occurred at MOI of 10 (pfu/cell) at the harvest time of 72 h post-infection (hpi). After performing various stages of purification, buffer exchange, and concentration, the quality and structural integrity of the VLP product were confirmed. The results of the DLS technique showed the presence of uniform particles (PdI below 0.5) with an approximate size of 25 nm. CONCLUSION The results indicate BEVS as an appropriate and efficient system for generating CPV-VLPs, and the used method based on two-stage ultracentrifugation was appropriate for purifying these nanoparticles. Produced nanoparticles can be used as the biologic nano-carriers in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nariman Gharari
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA): a target for antivirals and vaccines. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2087-94. [PMID: 27255748 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza, the most common infectious disease, poses a great threat to human health because of its highly contagious nature and fast transmissibility, often leading to high morbidity and mortality. Effective vaccination strategies may aid in the prevention and control of recurring epidemics and pandemics associated with this infectious disease. However, antigenic shifts and drifts are major concerns with influenza virus, requiring effective global monitoring and updating of vaccines. Current vaccines are standardized primarily based on the amount of hemagglutinin, a major surface antigen, which chiefly constitutes these preparations along with the varying amounts of neuraminidase (NA). Anti-influenza drugs targeting the active site of NA have been in use for more than a decade now. However, NA has not been approved as an effective antigenic component of the influenza vaccine because of standardization issues. Although some studies have suggested that NA antibodies are able to reduce the severity of the disease and induce a long-term and cross-protective immunity, a few major scientific issues need to be addressed prior to launching NA-based vaccines. Interestingly, an increasing number of studies have shown NA to be a promising target for future influenza vaccines. This review is an attempt to consolidate studies that reflect the strength of NA as a suitable vaccine target. The studies discussed in this article highlight NA as a potential influenza vaccine candidate and support taking the process of developing NA vaccines to the next stage.
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Sari D, Gupta K, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB, Aubert A, Drncová P, Garzoni F, Fitzgerald D, Berger I. The MultiBac Baculovirus/Insect Cell Expression Vector System for Producing Complex Protein Biologics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 896:199-215. [PMID: 27165327 PMCID: PMC7122245 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiprotein complexes regulate most if not all cellular functions. Elucidating the structure and function of these complex cellular machines is essential for understanding biology. Moreover, multiprotein complexes by themselves constitute powerful reagents as biologics for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Recombinant production by the baculovirus/insect cell expression system is particularly useful for expressing proteins of eukaryotic origin and their complexes. MultiBac, an advanced baculovirus/insect cell system, has been widely adopted in the last decade to produce multiprotein complexes with many subunits that were hitherto inaccessible, for academic and industrial research and development. The MultiBac system, its development and numerous applications are presented. Future opportunities for utilizing MultiBac to catalyze discovery are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sari
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Kapil Gupta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Deepak Balaji Thimiri Govinda Raj
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alice Aubert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Petra Drncová
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frederic Garzoni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Daniel Fitzgerald
- Geneva Biotech SARL, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Imre Berger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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Zhang L, Lu J, Chen Y, Shi F, Yu H, Huang C, Cui L, Shi Z, Jiao Y, Hu Y. Characterization of Humoral Responses Induced by an H7N9 Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccine in BALB/C Mice. Viruses 2015; 7:4369-84. [PMID: 26248076 PMCID: PMC4576182 DOI: 10.3390/v7082821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In April 2013, human infections with a novel avian influenza (H7N9) virus emerged in China. It has caused serious concerns for public health throughout the world. However, there is presently no effective treatment, and an A (H7N9) H7 subtype influenza vaccine is not available. Vaccination with virus-like particles (VLPs) has showed considerable promise for many other subtype influenza viruses. To produce H7N9 VLPs, full length, unmodified hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix1 (M1) genes from the A/Wuxi/1/2013(H7N9) were cloned into a pCDNA5.1 FRT vector. By co-transfection, VLPs containing HA, NA, and M1 were secreted by 293T cells. VLPs were purified by ultracentrifugation and injected into mice by the intramuscular route. In animal experiments, humoral and cellular immunoresponse were all triggered by H7N9 VLPs. High levels of specific antibodies and the isotypes of IgG were detected by ELISA. Anamnestic cellular immune responses were examined by detecting specific cytotoxic T cell for IFN-Υ production in ELISPOT assay. The hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) against the homologous virus was more than 1:64, and cross-reactive HAI titers against the heterologous virus (H1N1 and H3N2) were more than 1:16. Moreover, VLPs immunized mice showed a rapid increase of neutralizing antibodies, with neutralizing antibody titers more than 1:8, which increased four-fold against PBS immunized mice in week four. By week six, the mice had high neutralization ability against the given strain and held a potent homologous virus neutralizing capacity. Thus, VLPs represent a potential strategy for the development of a safe and effective vaccine against novel avian influenza (H7N9) virus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cell Line
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Neutralization Tests
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/isolation & purification
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Preventionand Control, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of HIV/STD prevention and control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Preventionand Control, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yin Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry Health, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fengjuan Shi
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry Health, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Huiyan Yu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry Health, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry Health, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry Health, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhiyang Shi
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry Health, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yongjun Jiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry Health, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuemei Hu
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Preventionand Control, Nanjing 210009, China.
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