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Hasanpour F, Neyestani Z, Arzanlou M, Moradi-Asl E, Sahebkar A, Khademi F. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-clinical studies. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kang K, Hu Y, Wu S, Shi S. Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of Chicken Gut Microbial Community, Function, and Resistome to Evaluate Noninvasive and Cecal Sampling Resources. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1718. [PMID: 34207572 PMCID: PMC8228302 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When conducting metagenomic analysis on gut microbiomes, there is no general consensus concerning the mode of sampling: non-contact (feces), noninvasive (rectal swabs), or cecal. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and comparative merits and disadvantages of using fecal samples or rectal swabs as a proxy for the cecal microbiome. Using broiler as a model, gut microbiomes were obtained from cecal, cloacal, and fecal samples and were characterized according to an analysis of the microbial community, function, and resistome. Cecal samples had higher microbial diversity than feces, while the cecum and cloaca exhibited higher levels of microbial community structure similarity compared with fecal samples. Cecal microbiota possessed higher levels of DNA replicative viability than feces, while fecal microbiota were correlated with increased metabolic activity. When feces were excreted, the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes like tet and ErmG decreased, but some antibiotic genes became more prevalent, such as fexA, tetL, and vatE. Interestingly, Lactobacillus was a dominant bacterial genus in feces that led to differences in microbial community structure, metabolism, and resistome. In conclusion, fecal microbiota have limited potential as a proxy in chicken gut microbial community studies. Thus, feces should be used with caution for characterizing gut microbiomes by metagenomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelang Kang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou 225000, China; (K.K.); (Y.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Yan Hu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou 225000, China; (K.K.); (Y.H.); (S.W.)
- Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute) Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou 225000, China; (K.K.); (Y.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou 225000, China; (K.K.); (Y.H.); (S.W.)
- Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute) Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225000, China
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Molecular Characterization of Resistance Genes in MDR-ESKAPE Pathogens. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hannaoui I, Barguigua A, Serray B, El Mdaghri N, Timinouni M, Ait Chaoui A, El Azhari M. Intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a community setting in Casablanca, Morocco. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2016; 6:84-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Guerrero-Ramos E, Molina-González D, Blanco-Morán S, Igrejas G, Poeta P, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genotypic Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Meat Preparations. J Food Prot 2016; 79:748-56. [PMID: 27296421 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A total of 160 samples of poultry (80), pork (40), and beef (40) preparations (red sausages, white sausages, hamburgers, meatballs, nuggets, minced meat, escalope, and crepes) were tested in northwestern Spain to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE were detected in 38 (23.8%) samples (37.5% of poultry, 15.0% of pork, and 5.0% of beef samples). One strain per food sample was further characterized. Isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium (14 strains), E. durans (10), E. hirae (7), E. gallinarum (5), and E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens (2). All strains showed resistance or intermediate susceptibility to three or more antimicrobials of clinical significance, in addition to vancomycin. High rates of resistance or intermediate susceptibility were observed for teicoplanin (81.6% of isolates), chloramphenicol (81.6%), erythromycin (100%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (89.5%), and ciprofloxacin (81.6%). A moderate rate of resistance or intermediate susceptibility emerged for ampicillin (34.2%) and tetracycline (36.8%). Genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence were studied by PCR. The vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes were identified in 27, 1, 5, and 2 isolates, respectively. Other resistance genes or transposon sequences found were tet(L), tet(M), Tn5397 (tetracycline), erm(A), erm(B) (erythromycin), vat(D), and vat(E) (quinupristin-dalfopristin). Most isolates were free of virulence determinants (agg, hyl, and efaAfm genes were detected in one, one, and five strains, respectively). Strains were classified as not biofilm producers (crystal violet assay; 4 isolates) or weak biofilm producers (34 isolates). Cluster analysis (EcoRI ribotyping) suggested a strong genetic relationship among isolates from different types of meat preparations, animal species, and retail outlets. Meat preparations might play a role in the spread through the food chain of VRE with several resistance and virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Guerrero-Ramos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Léon, E-24071 Léon, Spain; Ministry of Health, Regional Government of Castilla y Léon, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Blanco-Morán
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Léon, E-24071 Léon, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; BIOSCOPE Group, REQUIMTE-CQFB Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Léon, E-24071 Léon, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Léon, E-24007 Léon, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Léon, E-24071 Léon, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Léon, E-24007 Léon, Spain.
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Khani M, Fatollahzade M, Pajavand H, Bakhtiari S, Abiri R. Increasing Prevalence of Aminoglycoside-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolates Due to the aac(6')-aph(2") Gene: A Therapeutic Problem in Kermanshah, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e28923. [PMID: 27217920 PMCID: PMC4870677 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.28923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterococci are important pathogens in nosocomial infections. Various types of antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, are used for treatment of these infections. Enterococci can acquire resistant traits, which can lead to therapeutic problems with aminoglycosides. Objectives: This study was designed to identify the prevalence of, and to compare, the aac(6’)-aph(2”) and aph(3)-IIIa genes and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates from patients at Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah in 2011 - 2012. Patients and Methods: One hundred thirty-eight clinical specimens collected from different wards of Imam Reza hospital were identified to the species level by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against kanamycin, teicoplanin, streptomycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin were performed by the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin were evaluated with the microbroth dilution method. The aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(6’)-aph(2”) and aph(3”)-IIIa were analyzed with multiplex PCR. Results: The prevalence of isolates was 33 (24.1%) for E. faecium and 63 (46%) for E. faecalis. Eighty-nine percent of the isolates were high-level gentamicin resistant (HLGR), and 32.8% of E. faecium isolates and 67.2% of E. faecalis isolates carried aac(6’)-aph(2”). The prevalence of aph(3”)-IIIa among the E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates was 22.7% and 77.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Remarkably increased incidence of aac(6’)-aph(2”) among HLGR isolates explains the relationship between this gene and the high level of resistance to aminoglycosides. As the resistant gene among enterococci can be transferred, the use of new-generation antibiotics is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Khani
- Department of General Practitioner Training, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Mahdie Fatollahzade
- Department of General Practitioner Training, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Pajavand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Somaye Bakhtiari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ramin Abiri, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9122773648, Fax: +98-4276477, E-mail:
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Ben Said L, Klibi N, Lozano C, Dziri R, Ben Slama K, Boudabous A, Torres C. Diversity of enterococcal species and characterization of high-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci of samples of wastewater and surface water in Tunisia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:11-17. [PMID: 26026404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One hundred-fourteen samples of wastewater (n=64) and surface-water (n=50) were inoculated in Slanetz-Bartley agar plates supplemented or not with gentamicin (SB-Gen and SB plates, respectively) for enterococci recovery. Enterococci were obtained from 75% of tested samples in SB media (72% in wastewater; 78% in surface-water), and 85 enterococcal isolates (one/positive-sample) were obtained. Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (63.5%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (20%), Enterococcus hirae (9.4%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (4.7%), and Enterococcus gallinarum/Enterococcus durans (2.4%). Antibiotic resistance detected among these enterococci was as follows [percentage/detected gene (number isolates)]: kanamycin [29%/aph(3')-IIIa (n=22)], streptomycin [8%/ant(6)-Ia (n=4)], erythromycin [44%/erm(B) (n=34)], tetracycline [18%/tet(M) (n=6)/tet(M)-tet(L) (n=9)], chloramphenicol [2%/cat(A) (n=1)], ciprofloxacin [7%] and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [94%]. High-level-gentamicin resistant (HLR-G) enterococci were recovered from 15 samples in SB-Gen or SB plates [12/64 samples of wastewater (19%) and 3/50 samples of surface-water (6%)]; HLR-G isolates were identified as E. faecium (n=7), E. faecalis (n=6), and E. casseliflavus (n=2). These HLR-G enterococci carried the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia and erm(B) genes, in addition to aph(3')-IIIa (n=10), ant(6)-Ia (n=9), tet(M) (n=13), tet(L) (n=8) and cat(A) genes (n=2). Three HLR-G enterococci carried the esp virulence gene. Sequence-types detected among HLR-G enterococci were as follows: E. faecalis (ST480, ST314, ST202, ST55, and the new ones ST531 and ST532) and E. faecium (ST327, ST12, ST296, and the new ones ST985 and ST986). Thirty-two different PFGE patterns were detected among 36 high-level-aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci recovered in water samples. Diverse genetic lineages of HLR-G enterococci were detected in wastewater and surface-water in Tunisia. Water can represent an important source for the dissemination of these antibiotic resistant microorganisms to other environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ben Said
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
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Iweriebor BC, Gaqavu S, Obi LC, Nwodo UU, Okoh AI. Antibiotic susceptibilities of enterococcus species isolated from hospital and domestic wastewater effluents in alice, eastern cape province of South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4231-46. [PMID: 25893999 PMCID: PMC4410244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120404231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms are on the increase worldwide and are responsible for substantial cases of therapeutic failures. Resistance of species of Enterococcus to antibiotics is linked to their ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance determinants in nature, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be one of the main reservoirs of such antibiotic resistant bacteria. We therefore determined the antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of some common Enterococcus spp that are known to be associated with human infections that were recovered from hospital wastewater and final effluent of the receiving wastewater treatment plant in Alice, Eastern Cape. Methods: Wastewater samples were simultaneously collected from two sites (Victoria hospital and final effluents of a municipal WWTP) in Alice at about one to two weeks interval during the months of July and August 2014. Samples were screened for the isolation of enterococci using standard microbiological methods. The isolates were profiled molecularly after targeted generic identification and speciation for the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Results: Out of 66 presumptive isolates, 62 were confirmed to belong to the Enterococcus genusof which 30 were identified to be E. faecalis and 15 E. durans. The remaining isolates were not identified by the primers used in the screening procedure. Out of the six virulence genes that were targeted only three of them; ace, efaA, and gelE were detected. There was a very high phenotypic multiple resistance among the isolates and these were confirmed by genetic analyses. Conclusions: Analyses of the results obtained indicated that hospital wastewater may be one of the sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria to the receiving WWTP. Also, findings revealed that the final effluent discharged into the environment was contaminated with multi-resistant enterococci species thus posing a health hazard to the receiving aquatic environment as these could eventually be transmitted to humans and animals that are exposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Chuks Iweriebor
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare,1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Sisipho Gaqavu
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare,1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Larry Chikwelu Obi
- Academic and Research Division, University of Fort Hare, King Williams Road, Alice 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare,1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare,1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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