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Nwagwu C, Onugwu A, Echezona A, Uzondu S, Agbo C, Kenechukwu F, Ogbonna J, Ugorji L, Nwobi L, Nwobi O, Mmuotoo O, Ezeibe E, Loretz B, Tarirai C, Mbara KC, Agumah N, Nnamani P, Ofokansi K, Lehr CM, Attama A. Biopolymeric and lipid-based nanotechnological strategies for the design and development of novel mosquito repellent systems: recent advances. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00474d. [PMID: 39247861 PMCID: PMC11378059 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most medically important arthropod vectors of several human diseases. These diseases are known to severely incapacitate and debilitate millions of people, resulting in countless loss of lives. Over the years, several measures have been put in place to control the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, one of which is using repellents. Repellents are one of the most effective personal protective measures against mosquito-borne diseases. However, conventional delivery systems of repellents (e.g., creams, gels, and sprays) are plagued with toxicity and short-term efficacy issues. The application of biopolymeric and lipid-based systems has been explored over the years to develop better delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients including mosquito repellents. These delivery systems (e.g., solid lipid micro/nanoparticles, micro/nanoemulsions, or liposomes) possess desirable properties such as high biocompatibility, versatility, and controlled/sustained drug delivery, and thus are very important in tackling the clinical challenges of conventional repellent systems. Their capability for controlled/sustained drug release has improved patient compliance as it removes the need for consistent reapplication of repellents. They can also be engineered to reduce repellents' skin permeation, consequently improving their safety. However, despite the benefits that these systems offer very few of them have been successfully translated to the global market for commercial use, a vital challenge that previous reports have not thoroughly examined. The issue of limited clinical translation of novel repellent systems is a vital aspect to consider, as the ultimate goal is to move these systems from bench to bedside. As such, this study seeks to highlight the recent advances in the use of biopolymeric and lipid-based systems for the development of novel mosquito-repellent systems and also analyze the challenges that have limited the clinical translation of these systems while proposing possible strategies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinekwu Nwagwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Adaeze Onugwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Echezona
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Samuel Uzondu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Chinazom Agbo
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Frankline Kenechukwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - John Ogbonna
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Lydia Ugorji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Lotanna Nwobi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Obichukwu Nwobi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Oluchi Mmuotoo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Ezinwanne Ezeibe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Clemence Tarirai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa
| | - Kingsley Chimaeze Mbara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa
| | - Nnabuife Agumah
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University Nigeria
| | - Petra Nnamani
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Kenneth Ofokansi
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Claus-Micheal Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Anthony Attama
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
- Institute for Drug-Herbal Medicine-Excipient Research and Development, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
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Yeguerman CA, Urrutia RI, Jesser EN, Massiris M, Delrieux CA, Murray AP, González JOW. Essential oils loaded on polymeric nanoparticles: bioefficacy against economic and medical insect pests and risk evaluation on terrestrial and aquatic non-target organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71412-71426. [PMID: 35597828 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces the lethal, sublethal, and ecotoxic effects of peppermint and palmarosa essential oils (EOs) and their polymeric nanoparticles (PNs). The physicochemical analyses indicated that peppermint PNs were polydisperse (PDI > 0.4) with sizes of 381 nm and loading efficiency (LE) of 70.3%, whereas palmarosa PNs were monodisperse (PDI < 0.25) with sizes of 191 nm and LE of 89.7%. EOs and their PNs were evaluated on the adults of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) and cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.) and the larvae of Culex pipiens pipiens Say. On S. oryzae and L. serricorne, PNs increased EOs' lethal activity, extended repellent effects for 84 h, and also modified behavioral variables during 24 h. Moreover, EOs and PNs generated toxic effects against C. pipiens pipiens. On the other hand, peppermint and palmarosa EOs and their PNs were not toxic to terrestrial non-target organisms, larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.), and nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (Blaptica dubia S.). In addition, PNs were slightly toxic to aquatic non-target organisms, such as brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.). Therefore, these results show that PNs are a novel and eco-friendly formulation to control insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian A Yeguerman
- INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, B8000CPB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo I Urrutia
- INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, B8000CPB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano N Jesser
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, B8000CPB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), B8000CPB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manlio Massiris
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de Las Imágenes, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica Y Computadoras, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Sur. Av, San Andrés 800 (B8000CPB), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio A Delrieux
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de Las Imágenes, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica Y Computadoras, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Sur. Av, San Andrés 800 (B8000CPB), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana P Murray
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, B8000CPB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge O Werdin González
- INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, B8000CPB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), B8000CPB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Nanogels Containing Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Mentha piperita L. Essential Oils: Mosquitoes’ Repellent Activity and Antibacterial Effect. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:4510182. [PMID: 36092390 PMCID: PMC9453018 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4510182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Mentha piperita L. are two common medicinally important plants with a wide range of biological activities such as insecticide and antibacterial effects. In this study, the chemical composition of their essential oils was investigated using GC-MS analysis. After that, their nanoemulsions were prepared; optimum samples with droplet sizes of 74 ± 7 and 136 ± 5 nm were gelified. The viscosity of the prepared nanogels and the successful loading of the essential oil in them were investigated. The efficacy of the nanogel containing M. piperita essential oil as a repellent and antibacterial agent was more potent than the nanogel containing F. vulgare essential oil. Its completely protected time against Anopheles stephensi, the main malaria mosquito vector, was 120 ± 8 min. Moreover, the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with 5000 µg/mL of nanogel containing M. piperita essential oil was reduced by 100 and 65%, respectively. Considering natural constituents, a straightforward preparation method, and high efficacy, the nanogel containing M. piperita essential oil could be introduced for further investigation against other mosquitoes and bacterial species.
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Osanloo M, Firoozian S, Zarenezhad E, Montaseri Z, Satvati S. A Nanoliposomal Gel Containing Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil with Effective Repellent against the Main Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:1645485. [PMID: 35784810 PMCID: PMC9242819 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1645485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the most important vector-borne disease; however, mosquito repellents are still a practical approach for controlling malaria, especially in endemic regions. Due to the side effects of synthetic repellents such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), the development of natural repellents has received much attention. In this study, nanoliposomes containing 0.5 and 2.5% w/v Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil were firstly prepared with particle sizes of 119 ± 6 and 195 ± 9 nm. Their morphologies and loading of the essential oil in the particles were then investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analyses. The nanoliposomes were finally jellified to increase their viscosity and facilitate topical usage. The complete protection time of the nanoliposomal gel containing 2.5% C. zeylanicum essential oil was significantly longer than that of 2.5% DEET against Anopheles stephensi: 303 ± 10 > 242 ± 12 min, p < 0.001. Moreover, the prepared nanoformulation was stable for at least six months at 4 and 26°C. Therefore, the prepared prototype could be considered a natural repellent against the main malaria mosquito vector in field conditions. In addition, it is suggested to be investigated against other important factors mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Samira Firoozian
- Urmia Health Center, Disease Control Unit, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elham Zarenezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Zahra Montaseri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saha Satvati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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A natural nanogel with higher efficacy than a standard repellent against the primary malaria mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Green Micro- and Nanoemulsions for Managing Parasites, Vectors and Pests. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091285. [PMID: 31505756 PMCID: PMC6781030 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The management of parasites, insect pests and vectors requests development of novel, effective and eco-friendly tools. The development of resistance towards many drugs and pesticides pushed scientists to look for novel bioactive compounds endowed with multiple modes of action, and with no risk to human health and environment. Several natural products are used as alternative/complementary approaches to manage parasites, insect pests and vectors due to their high efficacy and often limited non-target toxicity. Their encapsulation into nanosystems helps overcome some hurdles related to their physicochemical properties, for instance limited stability and handling, enhancing the overall efficacy. Among different nanosystems, micro- and nanoemulsions are easy-to-use systems in terms of preparation and industrial scale-up. Different reports support their efficacy against parasites of medical importance, including Leishmania, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma as well as agricultural and stored product insect pests and vectors of human diseases, such as Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Overall, micro- and nanoemulsions are valid options for developing promising eco-friendly tools in pest and vector management, pending proper field validation. Future research on the improvement of technical aspects as well as chronic toxicity experiments on non-target species is needed.
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de Matos SP, Teixeira HF, de Lima ÁAN, Veiga-Junior VF, Koester LS. Essential Oils and Isolated Terpenes in Nanosystems Designed for Topical Administration: A Review. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040138. [PMID: 30959802 PMCID: PMC6523335 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are natural products with a complex composition. Terpenes are the most common class of chemical compounds present in essential oils. Terpenes and the essential oils containing them are widely used and investigated by their pharmacological properties and permeation-enhancing ability. However, many terpenes and essential oils are sensitive to environmental conditions, undergoing volatilization and chemical degradation. In order to overcome the chemical instability of some isolated terpenes and essential oils, the encapsulation of these compounds in nanostructured systems (polymeric, lipidic, or molecular complexes) has been employed. In addition, nanoencapsulation can be of interest for pharmaceutical applications due to its capacity to improve the bioavailability and allow the controlled release of drugs. Topical drug administration is a convenient and non-invasive administration route for both local and systemic drug delivery. The present review focuses on describing the current status of research concerning nanostructured delivery systems containing isolated terpenes and/or essential oils designed for topical administration and on discussing the use of terpenes and essential oils either for their biological activities or as permeation enhancers in pharmaceutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila P de Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Helder F Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Ádley A N de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Valdir F Veiga-Junior
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil.
| | - Letícia S Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
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