Perceptions and psychosocial correlates of bullying among Lumbee Indian youth

Vítimas de bullying, sintomas depressivos, ansiedade, estresse e ideação suicida em adolescentes

Objetivou-se verificar a correlação entre ser vítima de bullying, ter sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade, de estresse e ideação suicida em adolescentes. Além disso, foi identificado se havia diferença nos construtos investigados, por gênero e idade. Estudo quantitativo transversal, do qual participaram 117 adolescentes. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Escala Califórnia de Vitimização do Bullying, Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse, e Escala Beck de Suicídio. As análises foram realizadas por meio de estatística descritiva, correlação de Spearman e teste U de MannWhitney. Os resultados indicam que 48,71 % da amostra apresenta ideação suicida. Houve correlação positiva entre ser vítima de bullying e ter sintomas depressivos, ansiedade e estresse, e ser vítima e ter ideação suicida. As meninas apresentam mais sintomas de estresse do que os meninos, e adolescentes mais novos são mais vítimas de bullying do que os mais velhos. Destaca-se, assim, a relevância da discussão desse tema, tanto nas escolas quanto nas famílias, a fim de diminuir o sofrimento psíquico das vítimas.

Integrative Review of Qualitative Research on the Emotional Experience of Bullying Victimization in Youth

The emotional experience of bullying victimization in youths has been documented primarily using quantitative methods; however, qualitative methods may be better suited to examine the experience. An integrative review of the qualitative method studies addressing the emotional experience of bullying victimization was conducted. From MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Education Information Resource Center, and PsycINFO, 14 English-language, peer-reviewed, qualitative studies were reviewed. Applying the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, the quality of the studies was deemed sufficient. The range of emotional experiences reported included sadness, decreased self-esteem, embarrassment, fear, suicidal thinking, anger, feeling hurt, loneliness, powerlessness, helplessness, and confusion. Overall, these results were similar to those obtained from quantitative method studies, apart from the feeling of embarrassment. This integrative review confirmed and expanded the knowledge of emotional experiences of bullying victimization.

Psychosocial factors associated with the mental health of indigenous children living in high income countries: a systematic review

BACKGROUND

Indigenous children living in high income countries have a consistently high prevalence of mental health problems. We aimed to identify psychosocial risk and protective factors for mental health in this setting.

METHODS

A systematic review of studies published between 1996 and 2016 that quantitatively evaluated the association between psychosocial variables and mental health among Indigenous children living in high income countries was conducted. Psychosocial variables were grouped into commonly occurring domains. Individual studies were judged to provide evidence for an association between a domain and either good mental health, poor mental health, or a negligible or inconsistent association. The overall quality of evidence across all studies for each domain was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines.

RESULTS

Forty-seven papers were eligible (mainland US 30 [64%], Canada 8 [17%], Australia 7 [15%], Hawaii 4 [9%]), including 58,218 participants aged 4-20 years. Most papers were cross-sectional (39, 83%) and measured negative mental health outcomes (41, 87%). Children's negative cohesion with their families and the presence of adverse events appeared the most reliable predictors of increased negative mental health outcomes. Children's substance use, experiences of discrimination, comorbid internalising symptoms, and negative parental behaviour also provided evidence of associations with negative mental health outcomes. Positive family and peer relationships, high self-esteem and optimism were associated with increased positive mental health outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Quantitative research investigating Indigenous children's mental health is largely cross-sectional and focused upon negative outcomes. Indigenous children living in high income countries share many of the same risk and protective factors associated with mental health. The evidence linking children's familial environment, psychological traits, substance use and experiences of discrimination with mental health outcomes highlights key targets for more concerted efforts to develop initiatives to improve the mental health of Indigenous children.

Lessons Learned From a Community-Based Participatory Research Mental Health Promotion Program for American Indian Youth

Background American Indian (AI) youth have the highest rates of suicide among racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States. Community-based strategies are essential to address this issue, and community-based participatory research (CBPR) offers a model to engage AI communities in mental health promotion programming. Objectives This article describes successes and challenges of a CBPR, mixed-method project, The Lumbee Rite of Passage (LROP), an academic-community partnership to develop and implement a suicide prevention program for Lumbee AI youth in North Carolina. Method LROP was conducted in two phases to (1) understand knowledge and perceptions of existing mental health resources and (2) develop, implement, and evaluate a cultural enrichment program as a means of suicide prevention. Discussion/Results LROP implemented an effective community-academic partnership by (1) identifying and understanding community contexts, (2) maintaining equitable partnerships, and (3) implementing a culturally tailored research design targeting multilevel changes to support mental health. Strategies formed from the partnership alleviated challenges in each of these key CBPR concept areas. Conclusions LROP highlights how a CBPR approach contributes to positive outcomes and identifies opportunities for future collaboration in a tribal community. Using culturally appropriate CBPR strategies is critical to achieving sustainable, effective programs to improve mental health of AI youth.