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Ravindhiran R, Sivarajan K, Sekar JN, Murugesan R, Dhandapani K. Listeria monocytogenes an Emerging Pathogen: a Comprehensive Overview on Listeriosis, Virulence Determinants, Detection, and Anti-Listerial Interventions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2231-2251. [PMID: 37479828 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the third most deleterious zoonotic pathogen, is a major causative agent of animal and human listeriosis, an infection related to the consumption of contaminated food products. Even though, this pathogen has been responsible for the outbreaks of foodborne infections in the early 1980s, the major outbreaks have been reported during the past two decades. Listeriosis infection in the host is a rare but life-threatening disease with major public health and economic implications. Extensive reports on listeriosis outbreaks are associated with milk and milk products, meat and meat products, and fresh produce. This bacterium can adapt to any environmental and stress conditions, making it a prime causative agent for major foodborne diseases. The pathogen could survive an antibiotic treatment and persist in the host cell, thereby escaping the standard diagnostic practices. The current review strives to provide concise information on the epidemiology, serotypes, and pathogenesis of the L. monocytogenes to decipher the knowledge on the endurance of the pathogen inside the host and food products as a vehicle for Listeria contaminations. In addition, various detection methods for Listeria species from food samples and frontline regimens of L. monocytogenes treatment have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ravindhiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Karthiga Sivarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Jothi Nayaki Sekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India.
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Adaptation of the classical end-point ITS-PCR for the diagnosis of avian trichomonosis to a real-time PCR reveals Bonelli's eagle as a new host for Trichomonas gypaetinii. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3663-3670. [PMID: 36260254 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Avian trichomonosis is a parasitic disease caused mainly by Trichomonas gallinae and other Trichomonas species. It can be asymptomatic, or it can produce a necrotic lesion in the upper digestive tract and spread to other organs, causing the death of the infected birds. In this study, we aimed to evaluate an adapted real-time PCR method for the diagnosis of different genotypes and species of avian oropharyngeal trichomonads. Fifty-six samples from the oropharynx of Bonelli's eagles (Aquila fasciata) obtained between 2018 and 2019 were analyzed using the real-time PCR and the end-point PCR, both targeting trichomonads ITS, and the results were compared by a coefficient of agreement. All positive samples were sequenced. The analysis showed a higher percentage of detection of real-time PCR ITS compared with end-point PCR ITS (64.3 vs 55.4%), and good agreement value (Kappa = 0.816). Melting temperature value for resulting amplicons of real-time PCR for avian trichomonads was 83.45 ± 0.72 °C. Genotypes A, D, and III were found among the sequences. Moreover, Trichomonas gypaetinii, a common species in scavenger birds, is reported for the first time in Bonelli's eagles.
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Prasad M, Milton A, Menon V, Ghatak S, Srinivas K, Momin K, Vineesha S, Das S, Sen A, Latha C, Sunil B, Jolly D. Saltatory rolling circle amplification assay for simple and visual detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk and milk products. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Noviyanti F, Shimizu S, Hosotani Y, Koseki S, Inatsu Y, Kawasaki S. Predictive Growth Model of Listeria monocytogenes Under Fluctuating Temperature Conditions in Pasteurized Milk by Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:693-700. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fia Noviyanti
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Shimizu
- Abashiri Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukie Hosotani
- Food Safety Research Division, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Koseki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inatsu
- Food Safety Research Division, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Susumu Kawasaki
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Food Safety Research Division, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Wang SS. On the Statistical Testing Methods for Single Laboratory Validation of Qualitative Microbiological Assays with a Paired Design. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1667-1679. [PMID: 33247753 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several statistical methods for detecting a difference of detection rates between alternative and reference qualitative microbiological assays in a single laboratory validation study with a paired design. OBJECTIVE We compared performance of eight methods including McNemar's test, sign test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired t-test, and the regression methods based on conditional logistic (CLOGIT), mixed effects complementary log-log (MCLOGLOG), mixed effects logistic (MLOGIT) models, and a linear mixed effects model (LMM). METHODS We first compared the minimum detectable difference in the proportion of detections between the alternative and reference detection methods among these statistical methods for a varied number of test portions. We then compared power and type 1 error rates of these methods using simulated data. RESULTS The MCLOGLOG and MLOGIT models had the lowest minimum detectable difference, followed by the LMM and paired t-test. The MCLOGLOG and MLOGIT models had the highest average power but were anticonservative when correlation between the pairs of outcome values of the alternative and reference methods was high. The LMM and paired t-test had mostly the highest average power when the correlation was low and the second highest average power when the correlation was high. Type 1 error rates of these last two methods approached the nominal value of significance level when the number of test portions was moderately large (n > 20). HIGHLIGHTS The LMM and paired t-test are better choices than other competing methods, and we provide an example using real data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen S Wang
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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Lee JS, Kacem N, Kim WS, Peng DQ, Kim YJ, Joung YG, Lee C, Lee HG. Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii Supplementation on Performance and Physiological Traits of Holstein Calves under Heat Stress Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080510. [PMID: 31370319 PMCID: PMC6719173 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) supplement on the performance and physiological traits of Holstein calves under heat stress were investigated using a climatic chamber. We revealed that supplementation with SB incorporated into milk replacer can ameliorate the negative impact of heat stress on Holstein dairy calves by increasing dry matter intake (DMI), reducing rectal temperature and heart rate, and alleviating diarrhea via modulating pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract. The results showed that SB can be used as an alternative anti-stressor in the diet of young dairy calves under heat stress (HS). Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SB) as a feed additive on performance, diarrhea frequency, rectal temperature, heart rate, water consumption, cortisol level, and fecal bacteria population in Holstein calves (28 ± 1.6 days of age, body weight of 45.6 ± 1.44 kg, n = 16) under thermal neutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions. During the TN period for 21 days (d 1 to 21), calves receiving SB showed quadratic or linear effects compared to the control group, showing higher dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.002), and water consumption (p = 0.007) but lower frequency of fecal diarrhea (p = 0.008), rectal temperature (p < 0.001), heart rate (p < 0.001), and fecal microbiota at 21 day (Escherichia coli, p = 0.025; Enterobacteriaceae, p = 0.041). Meanwhile, calves exposed to HS for 7 days (d 22 to 28) receiving SB showed quadratic or linear effects compared to the control group, showing higher DMI (p = 0.002) but lower water consumption (p = 0.023), rectal temperature (p = 0.026), and cortisol level (p = 0.014). Our results suggest that live SB is useful in the livestock industry as an alternative to conventional medication (especially in times of suspected health problems) that can be added to milk replacer for young dairy calves experiencing HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Nouali Kacem
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Won-Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Team of an Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong Qiao Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Team of an Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | | | - Chanhee Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, OARDC, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Team of an Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Kang IB, Kim DH, Jeong D, Kim H, Seo KH. Contamination Level of Hygiene Indicator and Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens in Retail Beef in Parallel with Market Factor. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1237-1245. [PMID: 30675116 PMCID: PMC6335133 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the contamination levels of hygienic indicators and foodborne
pathogens in retail meat products were investigated in relation to the various
market factors including processing temperature, processing area, and market
type. Ground beef samples (n=80) were purchased from 40 meat markets and
investigated for microbiological quality. Beefs processed below 20℃ had
significantly lower numbers of total coliforms (TC) than these processed over
20℃ (2.01 vs. 2.79 log CFU/g; p<0.05). Interestingly, separation
of processing area did not affect the contamination levels. Remarkably, the
contamination levels of hygienic indicator differ among market types, indicating
that not only processing condition but distribution structure that is directly
related with storage period could affect the final microbiological loads of the
meat products. In addition, the prevalences of Listeria
monocytogenes (a psychrotroph), Enterococcus
faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were 7.5%
(6/80), 10.0% (8/80), and 20.0% (16/80), respectively, which is irrelevant to
market factors except meat products from wholesale markets where no L.
monocytogenes were found among 30 samples. The results of this
study indicate that the contamination level of hygiene indicator and foodborne
pathogens in retail beef is more related with processing temperature and storage
period than other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Byeong Kang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dana Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang Univ., Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Tirloni E, Bernardi C, Drago S, Stampone G, Pomilio F, Cattaneo P, Stella S. Evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy food. Ital J Food Saf 2017; 6:6890. [PMID: 29564234 PMCID: PMC5850052 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2017.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective of the present study was to test the performances of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes, with particular focus on the dairy products. The specificity of the method was evaluated on 42 different Listeria spp. strains from collections, food and environmental samples. 100% (32 of 32) of the L. monocytogenes strains were correctly recognised, and none of other 10 Listeria spp. strains was misidentified. The sensitivity was evaluated on four L. monocytogenes strains from different sources. The instrument was able to detect 10-400 CFU/mL. The ability to detect low initial numbers of L. monocytogenes (0.3-0.7 Log CFU/g) was also evaluated, in duplicate, in pasteurised milk (whole and skimmed) and dairy samples (fresh ricotta, crescenza, mascarpone, mozzarella, cottage cheese, cream cheese, taleggio, gorgonzola). The analysis was performed after 18, 24 and 48 h of incubation, and was coupled with the count of L. monocytogenes in the broth. Microbial loads were insufficient to achieve a positive result after 18 and 24 h in most of the samples; after 48 h, all the products, except taleggio and one gorgonzola sample, were identified as positive; the sensitivity of the method when applied to contaminated dairy foods was about 5 Log CFU/g. The LAMP method tested can be considered a very useful tool, as it is a costeffective and easy-functioning method. The preliminary data obtained should be confirmed with a validation process taking into account different food typologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Tirloni
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan
| | - Cristian Bernardi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan
| | | | | | - Francesco Pomilio
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Abruzzo and Molise G. Caporale, National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes
| | - Patrizia Cattaneo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan
| | - Simone Stella
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan
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Agrimonti C, Bottari B, Sardaro MLS, Marmiroli N. Application of real-time PCR (qPCR) for characterization of microbial populations and type of milk in dairy food products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:423-442. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1375893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Agrimonti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bottari
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Savo Sardaro
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Nutrition and Gastronomy, University San Raffaele Roma Srl, Rome, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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10
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Jeong D, Kim DH, Kang IB, Chon JW, Kim H, Om AS, Lee JY, Moon JS, Oh DH, Seo KH. Prevalence and toxin type of Clostridium perfringens in beef from four different types of meat markets in Seoul, Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:545-548. [PMID: 30263577 PMCID: PMC6049433 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef is the primary source of foodborne poisoning caused by Clostridium perfringens. We investigated the prevalence of C. perfringens in retail beef from four different types of meat markets in Seoul using a standard culture method and real-time PCR assay. From June to September 2015, 82 beef samples were collected from 6 department stores (n=12), 14 butcher shops (n=28), 16 traditional markets (n=32), and 5 supermarkets (n=10). The culture method and real-time PCR assay revealed that 4 (4.88%) and 10 (12.20%) samples were positive for C. perfringens, respectively. The beef purchased from the department store showed the highest prevalence (16.67%), followed by the traditional market (3.12%), butcher shop (3.57%), and supermarket (0%) (p>0.05). All isolates were type A and negative for the enterotoxin gene. In conclusion, the real-time PCR assay used in this study could be useful for rapid detection and screening of C. perfringens in beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Il-Byeong Kang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Ae-Son Om
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Korea HACCP Accreditation and Services, Seoul, 05248 Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Veterinary Parmaceutical Management, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660 Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
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Kang IB, Chon JW, Kim DH, Jeong D, Kim HS, Kim H, Seo KH. Improvement of Polymyxin-Egg Yolk-Mannitol-Bromothymol Blue Agar for the Enumeration and Isolation of Bacillus cereus in Various Foods. J Food Prot 2017; 80:502-505. [PMID: 28207304 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A modified polymyxin-egg yolk-mannitol-bromothymol blue agar (mPEMBA) was developed by supplementing polymyxin-egg yolk-mannitol-bromothymol blue agar (PEMBA) with trimethoprim to improve the selectivity for and recoverability of Bacillus cereus from naturally and artificially contaminated food samples. The number of B. cereus in mPEMBA was significantly higher than in PEMBA, indicating better recoverability (P < 0.05) in red pepper powder (PEMBA 0.80 ± 0.22 log CFU/g versus mPEMBA 1.95 ± 0.17 log CFU/g) and soybean paste (PEMBA 2.19 ± 0.18 log CFU/g versus mPEMBA 3.09 ± 0.13 log CFU/g). In addition, mPEMBA provided better visual differentiation of B. cereus colonies than PEMBA, which is attributable to the reduced number of competing microflora. We conclude that the addition of trimethoprim to PEMBA could generate a synergistic effect to improve selectivity for B. cereus .
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Byeong Kang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dana Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Improvement of Enterobacteriaceae enrichment broth by supplementation with sodium citrate for detection of Cronobacter sakazakii using real-time PCR. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1205-1209. [PMID: 30263395 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae enrichment (EE) broth, a selective enrichment medium for Cronobacter sakazakii detection, has been shown to contain polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. Therefore, a modified enrichment broth was developed, wherein possible PCR inhibitors, brilliant green and bile salts, were substituted with sodium citrate. Investigations were conducted to determine whether realtime PCR detection of C. sakazakii in powdered infant formula and dried vegetables with this modified medium improved compared with conventional culture methods. The detection rate of the modified EE broth was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the conventional EE broth for both types of food. For dried pumpkin samples, real-time PCR after culturing in modified EE broth yielded significantly higher detection rates and selectivity than those achieved using conventional culture in Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen agar. These results show that real-time PCR after enrichment in the modified EE broth may be an effective screening method for detection of C. sakazakii.
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