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Zhang N, Bian Q, Gao Y, Wang Q, Shi Y, Li X, Ma X, Chen H, Zhao Z, Yu H. The Role of Fascin-1 in Human Urologic Cancers: A Promising Biomarker or Therapeutic Target? Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231175733. [PMID: 37246525 PMCID: PMC10240877 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231175733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cancer statistics show that an increased incidence of urologic cancers such as bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Due to the lack of early markers and effective therapeutic targets, their prognosis is poor. Fascin-1 is an actin-binding protein, which functions in the formation of cell protrusions by cross-linking with actin filaments. Studies have found that fascin-1 expression is elevated in most human cancers and is related to outcomes such as neoplasm metastasis, reduced survival, and increased aggressiveness. Fascin-1 has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for urologic cancers, but there is no comprehensive review to evaluate these studies. This review aimed to provide an enhanced literature review, outline, and summarize the mechanism of fascin-1 in urologic cancers and discuss the therapeutic potential of fascin-1 and the possibility of its use as a potential marker. We also focused on the correlation between the overexpression of fascin-1 and clinicopathological parameters. Mechanistically, fascin-1 is regulated by several regulators and signaling pathways (such as long noncoding RNA, microRNA, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular regulated protein kinases). The overexpression of fascin-1 is related to clinicopathologic parameters such as pathological stage, bone or lymph node metastasis, and reduced disease-free survival. Several fascin-1 inhibitors (G2, NP-G2-044) have been evaluated in vitro and in preclinical models. The study proved the promising potential of fascin-1 as a newly developing biomarker and a potential therapeutic target that needs further investigation. The data also highlight the inadequacy of fascin-1 to serve as a novel biomarker for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Bian
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankun Gao
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankui Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Li L, Cao J, Guo Y, Wu Y, Gao W. Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 in human cancer: promising biomarker or therapeutic target? Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:240-264. [PMID: 33614909 PMCID: PMC7873579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) is a highly conserved actin-bundling protein that cross links F-actin microfilaments into tight, parallel bundles. Elevated FSCN1 levels have been reported in many types of human cancers and have been correlated with aggressive clinical progression, poor prognosis, and survival outcomes. The overexpression of FSCN1 in cancer cells has been associated with tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Currently, FSCN1 is recognized as a candidate biomarker for multiple cancer types and as a potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of the FSCN1 gene and protein structure and elucidate on its actin-bundling activity and physiological functions. The main focus was on the role of FSCN1 and its upregulatory mechanisms and significance in cancer cells. Up-to-date studies on FSCN1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers are reviewed. It is shown that FSCN1 is an unusual biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
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The Usefulness of 4 Immunoperoxidase Stains Applied to Urinary Cytology Samples in the Pathologic Stage of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Study With Histologic Correlation. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:422-432. [PMID: 33480604 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the golden rule for the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma is biopsy and cystoscopy, unfortionally both are costly, invasive, and uncomfortable. While most urothelial cancers are noninvasive at presentation, it is necessary to find a highly sensitive, noninvasive way to diagnose in its earlier stages, Cytology with immunostaining is a noninvasive, reliable method that might play a role in detecting the earlier stages before its progression and accurate correlation with different stages of these tumors. AIM This study aimed to reach an accurate level in the staging of urothelial carcinoma using CD44, ProExC, Laminin, and Fascin on urinary cytology. DESIGN We include a total of 180 urinary cytology specimens with their surgical biopsies' counterparts, the staging of the surgical specimens were done according to AJCC2017TNM classification, while their counterpart urinary samples were centrifuged and the sediment was used for H&E and immunocytochemical staining with CD44, ProExC, Laminin, and Fascin. RESULTS The diagnosis of Ta-stage tumors was done according to the following immunohistochemical (IHC) profile [positive (+ve) CD44, negative (-ve) proExC, -ve Laminin, and -ve Fascin] with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity. The diagnosis of Tis stage tumors was done according to IHC profile [-ve CD44, +ve proExC, -ve Laminin, and -ve Fascin] with 100% sensitivity, 93% specificity. The diagnosis of T1 stage tumors according to IHC profile [-ve CD44, +ve proExC, +ve Laminin, and -ve Fascin] with 100% sensitivity, 97% specificity, The diagnosis of T2 and T3 stage tumors was done according to IHC profile [-ve CD44, +ve proExC, +ve Laminin and weak to moderate +ve Fascin] with 100% sensitivity, 92% specificity, while the diagnosis of T4 stage tumors according to the IHC profile [-ve CD44, +ve proExC, +ve Laminin, and intense +ve Fascin] with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity. CONCLUSION Using (CD44, ProExC, Laminin, and Fascin) on urinary cytology is a simple, reliable, and noninvasive method for the staging of urothelial carcinoma with 99% total accuracy.
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Kolegova ES, Kakurina GV, Kostromitskiy DN, Dobrodeev AY, Kondakova IV. Increases in mRNA and Protein Levels of the Genes for the Actin-Binding Proteins Profilin, Fascin, and Ezrin Promote Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gao R, Zhang N, Yang J, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Xu X, Li Z, Liu X, Li Z, Li J, Kong C, Bi J. Long non-coding RNA ZEB1-AS1 regulates miR-200b/FSCN1 signaling and enhances migration and invasion induced by TGF-β1 in bladder cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:111. [PMID: 30823924 PMCID: PMC6397446 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The effect of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) can regulate gene expression by competitively binding microRNAs. Fascin-1 (FSCN1) plays an important role in the regulation of cellular migration and invasion during tumor progression, but how its regulatory mechanism works through the ceRNA effect is still unclear in bladder cancer (BLCA). Methods The role of fascin-1, miR-200b, and ZEB1-AS1 in BLCA was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between fascin-1, miR-200b, and ZEB1-AS1 was identified using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity assays, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), quantitative PCR, and western blotting. Loss (or gain)-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the biological roles of miR-200b and ZEB1-AS1 on migration, invasion, proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. Results ZEB1-AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA in BLCA to regulate the expression of fascin-1 through miR-200b. Moreover, the oncogenic long non-coding RNA ZEB1-AS1 was highly expressed in BLCA and positively correlated with high tumor grade, high TNM stage, and reduced survival of patients with BLCA. Moreover, ZEB1-AS1 downregulated the expression of miR-200b, promoted migration, invasion, and proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis in BLCA. Furthermore, we found TGF-β1 induced migration and invasion in BLCA by regulating the ZEB1-AS1/miR-200b/FSCN1 axis. Conclusion The observations in this study identify an important regulatory mechanism of fascin-1 in BLCA, and the TGF-β1/ZEB1-AS1/miR-200b/FSCN1 axis may serve as a potential target for cancer therapeutic purposes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1102-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxu Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiwen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeliang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiankui Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang N, Bi X, Zeng Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Li X, Bi J, Kong C. TGF-β1 promotes the migration and invasion of bladder carcinoma cells by increasing fascin1 expression. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:977-83. [PMID: 27350089 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that is reported to regulate cellular motility and invasive capability during tumor progression. Fascin1, an actin-bundling protein, increases cell motility, migration and adhesion. To investigate the function of TGF-β1 and test whether fascin1 is an important mediator of the tumor response to TGF-β1 in bladder carcinoma cells, real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to test changes in fascin1 expression after TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) treatment in T24 and BIU87 cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was performed to silence fascin1. Cell viability and biological behavior changes were evaluated by cell growth (MTT), wound-healing and Matrigel invasion assays. In the present study, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of fascin1 in the T24 and BIU87 cells were significantly increased after 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 treatment (p<0.05). The proliferation of T24 cells (p=0.005) was also significantly increased, while no significant change was observed in BIU87 cells (p=0.318). In addition, the migratory and invasive potential of the two cell lines were promoted. Furthermore, we successfully silenced fascin1, and observed that fascin1 siRNA significantly attenuated the migration and invasiveness induced by TGF-β1. The findings suggested that TGF-β1 can promote invasion and migration of T24 and BIU87 bladder carcinoma cells, and the increase in fascin1 expression may be the key point of this impact of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiwen Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Bi
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Zhao H, Yang F, Zhao W, Zhang C, Liu J. Fascin Overexpression Promotes Cholangiocarcinoma RBE Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:322-33. [PMID: 25882880 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615580696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin is overexpressed in various tumor tissues and is closely related to tumor metastasis and invasion. However, the role of fascin in cholangiocarcinoma RBE cells has not been clearly reported. This study aimed to establish a cholangiocarcinoma cell line with stable and high expression of fascin to observe the effect of fascin on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. A fascin overexpression vector, pcDNA3.1-Fascin, was constructed and transfected into the human cholangiocarcinoma RBE cell line. The results of real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence indicated that fascin was steadily and highly expressed in RBE cells. The results of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assay indicated that upregulated fascin expression could enhance cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation. The results of wound healing assay and transwell assay indicated that fascin could promote cholangiocarcinoma cell migration and invasion, and a further study found that the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway was activated after upregulation of fascin, whereas E-cadherin expression in these cells was significantly decreased. Additionally, E-cadherin expression was significantly increased after inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activity using inhibitor or small interfering RNA, and E-cadherin expression was decreased by fascin overexpression after nuclear factor-κB inhibition, suggesting that nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway was not involved in the regulation of E-cadherin by fascin. In summary, the results of this study demonstrated that fascin effectively promoted cholangiocarcinoma RBE cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study provides evidence for fascin as a potential target in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunjv Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Markwell SM, Weed SA. Tumor and stromal-based contributions to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:382-406. [PMID: 25734659 PMCID: PMC4381264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages with evident loco-regional and/or distal metastases. The prevalence of metastatic lesions directly correlates with poor patient outcome, resulting in high patient mortality rates following metastatic development. The progression to metastatic disease requires changes not only in the carcinoma cells, but also in the surrounding stromal cells and tumor microenvironment. Within the microenvironment, acellular contributions from the surrounding extracellular matrix, along with contributions from various infiltrating immune cells, tumor associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells facilitate the spread of tumor cells from the primary site to the rest of the body. Thus far, most attempts to limit metastatic spread through therapeutic intervention have failed to show patient benefit in clinic trails. The goal of this review is highlight the complexity of invasion-promoting interactions in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, focusing on contributions from tumor and stromal cells in order to assist future therapeutic development and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Scott A Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Papaspyrou K, Brochhausen C, Schmidtmann I, Fruth K, Gouveris H, Kirckpatrick J, Mann W, Brieger J. Fascin upregulation in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with lymphatic metastasis. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:2041-2046. [PMID: 24932286 PMCID: PMC4049762 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin is an actin-bundling protein that is associated with cellular motility and cancer-cell invasion. The present study aimed to examine the expression of fascin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its potential use as a biomarker. In a prospective study with a median follow-up time of 48.8 months, tumor tissues, adjacent healthy tissues and cervical lymph node metastases were collected from 25 patients and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The specimens were scored according to the intensity of fascin staining and the percentage of tumor cells stained using a semi-quantitative scoring approach; the data were analyzed and correlated with clinical follow-up observations. All of the investigators were blinded to the origin of the specimens. The expression levels of fascin were significantly increased in the tumor tissues (P=0.03) and lymph node metastases (P=0.03) compared with that of the normal tissues. The high expression level of fascin in the tumor tissues was correlated with the N-status, however, not with overall survival. Therefore, fascin may be a suitable marker for the prediction of regional lymphatic metastasis in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papaspyrou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55101, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55101, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55101, Germany
| | - Kai Fruth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55101, Germany
| | - Haralampos Gouveris
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55101, Germany
| | - James Kirckpatrick
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55101, Germany
| | - Wolf Mann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55101, Germany
| | - Juergen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55101, Germany
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Evaluation of fascin-1 expression as a marker of invasion in urothelial carcinomas. Med J Armed Forces India 2014; 70:139-43. [PMID: 24843202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostication and therapeutic evaluation of urothelial carcinomas significantly depends on the depth of invasion. The assessment of invasion on routine histopathological sections may be difficult in some cases. Fascin is an actin-bundling protein involved in tumor cell migration with enhanced expression associated with invasive tumors. The data available on fascin-1 expression in urothelial carcinoma however is limited. To characterize fascin-1 expression in urothelial neoplasms and its correlation with invasiveness in urothelial carcinomas. METHODS A descriptive study design wherein fascin-1 immunoreactivity was studied in 126 urothelial neoplasms using monoclonal antibody against fascin by immunohistochemistry. 52/126 (41.26%) were low grade carcinomas (48/52 stage pTa and 4/52 stage pT1), 46/126 (36.5%) high grade carcinomas (13/46 stage pTa, 8/46 stage pT1 and 25/46 stage pT2), 02/126 carcinoma-in-situ, 03/126 papilloma, 12/126 papillary urothelial neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential and 11/126 were other variants of urothelial carcinomas. Fascin-1 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was assessed semiquantitatively in terms of extent, intensity and a combined immunoreactivity score. Correlation between immunoreactivity scores and invasiveness was evaluated using Pearson's chi-square (χ2) and Nonparametric Spearman rho (ρ) correlation coefficient two tailed. RESULTS The scores for intensity, extent and combined immunoreactivity were significantly higher in invasive carcinomas. In addition, strong staining was observed exclusively in invasive carcinomas. None of the pTa tumors demonstrated intense staining, including those categorized as high grade carcinomas. CONCLUSION Fascin-1 overexpression may be used as a marker in urothelial carcinomas where it is morphologically difficult to determine the status of invasion.
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El-Rehim DMA, El-Maqsoud NMRA, El-Hamid AMA, El-Bab TKF, Galal EM. Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and fascin in urinary bladder cancer: Correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 1:297-304. [PMID: 24649164 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and fascin have recently received considerable attention as emerging key markers of cell invasion and metastasis in various types of cancers. The present study aimed to characterize the expression of EMMPRIN and fascin in a cohort of bladder cancer patients and to verify the association with clinicopathological characteristics. Immunohistochemical analysis of EMMPRIN and fascin was performed in 125 bladder cancer specimens, including 86 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and 39 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. Overexpression of EMMPRIN and fascin was detected in 71.2 and 83.2% of bladder carcinomas, respectively, while neither was detectable in the normal adjacent epithelium. In SCC, EMMPRIN and fascin expression scores were found to be higher compared to TCC cases (P=0.031 and 0.053, respectively). Higher EMMPRIN and fascin immunoscores markedly correlated with tumor pathological (pT) stage in TCC (P<0.001) and SCC (P=0.004 and 0.001, respectively). High EMMPRIN expression was strongly associated with advanced grades in TCC and SCC (P=0.003 and 0.002, respectively). Cases were then stratified, according to the joint expression status of EMMPRIN and fascin, into four immunoprofiles. A highly significant association was found between various tumor immunoprofiles and pathological stage. Of those, the EMMPRIN-/fascin-positive immunophenotype was closely associated with pT3 and pT4 tumors. The findings suggested an association between increased EMMPRIN and fascin expression and increased progression of bladder cancer. Additionally, these two markers may act in concert to mediate a more aggressive behavior through enhanced tumor cell invasion.
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Gun BD, Bahadir B, Bektas S, Barut F, Yurdakan G, Kandemir NO, Ozdamar SO. Clinicopathological significance of fascin and CD44v6 expression in endometrioid carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:80. [PMID: 22784357 PMCID: PMC3407727 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fascin and CD44v6 may have significant roles as biomarkers in tumour progression and metastasis. In endometrioid carcinomas, the fascin expression profile is less defined, and the significance of CD44v6 is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the expressions of both fascin and CD44v6 in endometrioid carcinomas and to evaluate their inter-relation with clinicopathological parameters. Methods Fascin and CD44v6 expressions were evaluated, individually and in combination, in a series of 47 endometrioid carcinomas and 10 proliferative endometrium samples. The staining extent and intensity of both markers in tumour cells were scored semiquantitatively. The relationship between immunoexpressions and clinicopathological variables was assessed. Results The expression rates of fascin and CD44v6 in endometrioid carcinoma were 72.34% and 46.80%, respectively. Although these expression rates were higher than those in proliferative endometrial samples, fascin expression showed a statistically significant difference from the normal group (p = 0.02), but CD44v6 did not differ (p = 0.54). Fascin expression was significantly correlated with tumour grade (p = 0.003) and neural invasion (p = 0.036) in a univariate analysis. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between CD44v6 and any of the clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions Our findings suggest that fascin might be an independent prognostic indicator in the different steps of extracellular matrix invasion. On the other hand, CD44v6 was not a predictive factor in endometrioid cancer. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/8511594927206899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Dogan Gun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67100 Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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Vogt AP, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT. Fascin as an identifier of metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A retrospective study of fine-needle aspiration cell blocks and histologic tissue microarrays. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 40:882-6. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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McKnight R, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT. Fascin stain as a potential marker of invasiveness in carcinomas of the urinary bladder: A retrospective study with biopsy and cytology correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 39:635-40. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bi J, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li B, Sun J, Shen H, Kong C. Fascin is a predictor for invasiveness and recurrence of urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Urol Oncol 2010; 30:688-94. [PMID: 20888270 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression of fascin in bladder urothelial carcinoma, and to analyze its association with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of fascin, Ki-67, p53, CK20, and multidrug resistance gene (MDR) in 111 bladder urothelial carcinoma and 42 normal epithelial tissues. The association between fascin expression and clinicopathologic parameters and prognostic factors on tumor recurrence was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Ninety-four of 111 cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma showed positive fascin expression, while no fascin expression was detected in normal transitional epithelium. There was a significant difference in the expression of fascin in normal epithelium and bladder urothelial carcinoma (P = 0.000). Fascin expression was positively correlated with pT stage (P = 0.001) and tumor size (P = 0.011), while it had no association with age, gender, and tumor grade (P > 0.05). pT stage and the expression of fascin, Ki-67, p53, and CK20 were significantly correlated with urothelial carcinoma recurrence, and fascin expression was an independent factor predicting tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Fascin expression was up-regulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Over-expression of fascin might play an important role in invasiveness and recurrence of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Fascin may be used as a prognostic marker and a new target for the treatment of bladder urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Lu XF, Li EM, Du ZP, Xie JJ, Guo ZY, Gao SY, Liao LD, Shen ZY, Xie D, Xu LY. Specificity protein 1 regulates fascin expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as the result of the epidermal growth factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3313-29. [PMID: 20502940 PMCID: PMC11115853 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of fascin in human carcinomas is associated with aggressive clinical phenotypes and poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the increased expression of fascin in cancer cells is largely unknown. Here, we identified a Sp1 binding element located at -70 to -60 nts of the FSCN1 promoter and validated that Sp1 specifically bound to this element in esophageal carcinoma cells. Fascin expression was enhanced by Sp1 overexpression and blocked by Sp1 RNAi knockdown. Specific inhibition of ERK1/2 decreased phosphorylation levels of Sp1, and thus suppressed the transcription of the FSCN1, resulting in the down-regulation of fascin. Stimulation with EGF could enhance fascin expression via activating the ERK1/2 pathway and increasing phosphorylation levels of Sp1. These data suggest that FSCN1 transcription may be subjected to the regulation of the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway and can be used as a viable biomarker to predict the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Lu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Peng Du
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Yan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Gao
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ying Shen
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
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miR-145 and miR-133a function as tumour suppressors and directly regulate FSCN1 expression in bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:883-91. [PMID: 20160723 PMCID: PMC2833258 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We have recently identified down-regulated microRNAs including miR-145 and miR-133a in bladder cancer (BC). The aim of this study is to determine the genes targeted by miR-145, which is the most down-regulated microRNA in BC. Methods: We focused on fascin homologue 1 (FSCN1) from the gene expression profile in miR-145 transfectant. The luciferase assay was used to confirm the actual binding sites of FSCN1 mRNA. Cell viability was evaluated by cell growth, wound-healing, and matrigel invasion assays. BC specimens were subjected to immunohistochemistry of FSCN1 and in situ hybridisation of miR-145. Results: The miR-133a as well as miR-145 had the target sequence of FSCN1 mRNA by the database search, and both microRNAs repressed the mRNA and protein expression of FSCN1. The luciferase assay revealed that miR-145 and miR-133a were directly bound to FSCN1 mRNA. Cell viability was significantly inhibited in miR-145, miR-133a, and si-FSCN1 transfectants. In situ hybridisation revealed that miR-145 expression was markedly repressed in the tumour lesion in which FSCN1 was strongly stained. The immunohistochemical score of FSCN1 in invasive BC (n=46) was significantly higher than in non-invasive BC (n=20) (P=0.0055). Conclusion: Tumour suppressive miR-145 and miR-133a directly control oncogenic FSCN1 in BC.
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Fascin over expression is associated with dysplastic changes in sinonasal inverted papillomas: a study of 47 cases. Head Neck Pathol 2009; 3:212-6. [PMID: 20596974 PMCID: PMC2811625 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-009-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a primary benign lesion with a tendency for local recurrence. Malignant transformation may develop in up to 15% of cases. Fascin (Fascin 1) is an actin cross-link binding protein required for the formation of actin-based cell-surface protrusions and cell motility. Fascin up-regulation in lung, gastric, breast and hepatobiliary carcinomas correlates with aggressiveness and decreased survival. Here we evaluate immunohistochemical expression of fascin in 47 sinonasal IPs from 34 patients. Fascin over-expression is significantly more common in sinonasal IP with high-grade dysplasia than in those with no dysplastic or low-grade dysplastic epithelium (P = 0.0001). No significant change in fascin expression is seen with recurrence. Over expression of fascin in high-grade dysplastic epithelium in IP may be associated with tumor progression and malignant transformation.
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