1
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Chen Y, Gao A, Ke Y, Zhou X, Lin L, Lu S, Liu Y. Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Protothecosis Due to Prototheca wickerhamii with Terbinafine. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:913-919. [PMID: 38689756 PMCID: PMC11059624 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s453620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Protothecosis, an infrequent human infection, is caused by achlorophyllic algae belonging to the genus Prototheca, particularly Prototheca wickerhamii. The skin stands as the most commonly affected organ. This report documents a case involving an 82-year-old male with Protothecosis. Histopathological analysis revealed granulomatous inflammation in the dermis, exhibiting necrotic features and hosting numerous non-budding spherical organisms. These organisms were positively stained using methenamine silver and periodic acid-Schiff stains, confirming identification as P. wickerhamii after validation through tissue culture and sequencing procedures. Initially, the patient received oral itraconazole at a dosage of 200 mg daily, accompanied by topical 1% naftifine-0.25% ketoconazole cream for a duration of 4 weeks, resulting in significant improvement. Subsequently, due to gastrointestinal discomfort presumably linked to itraconazole, terbinafine was administered. Over a span of 3 months, the patient received oral terbinafine at a dosage of 250 mg/day alongside the application of topical 1% naftifine-0.25% ketoconazole cream, leading to complete healing of the skin lesion, leaving behind a fibrotic scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aili Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ke
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, People’s Republic of China
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Orschulok T, Whitfield J, Badrick T, Sivabalan P, Sowden D, Lehane F. Cutaneous protothecosis: contrasting case presentations. Pathology 2023; 55:1032-1035. [PMID: 37586976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Sowden
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Sunshine Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Fiona Lehane
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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3
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Lanave G, Pellegrini F, Palermo G, Zini E, Mercuriali E, Zagarella P, Bányai K, Camero M, Martella V. Identification of Prototheca from the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Cat with Neurological Signs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:681. [PMID: 38133232 PMCID: PMC10747436 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prototheca infections are rare in cats, and they are usually associated with cutaneous or subcutaneous infections by P. wickerhamii, with no evidence of neurological signs or systemic disease. In this study, we report the identification of prototheca in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a cat with neurological symptoms. Fourteen CSF samples were gathered from cats presented with neurological disease between 2012 and 2014. The inclusion criteria for the samples were an increase in CSF protein and cell number (pleocytosis), suggestive of an infectious inflammatory status of the central nervous system (CNS). Nine samples fulfilled the inclusion criteria (inflammatory samples), while five samples, used as control, did not (non-inflammatory samples). All the samples were screened molecularly for different pathogens associated with CNS disease in cats, including prototheca. Out of 14 CSF samples, only one inflammatory sample tested positive for prototheca. Upon sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the amplicon, the strain was characterized as P. bovis. This report is the first documented evidence of prototheca in the cerebrospinal fluid of a cat with neurological signs. Prototheca should be considered in the diagnostics procedures on the CNS of cats presented with infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (F.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (F.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Palermo
- Veterinary Orthopaedic Traumatologic Centre of Arenzano, Arenzano, 16011 Genova, Italy; (G.P.); (E.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Eric Zini
- Veterinary Institute of Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, 20060 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edy Mercuriali
- Veterinary Orthopaedic Traumatologic Centre of Arenzano, Arenzano, 16011 Genova, Italy; (G.P.); (E.M.); (P.Z.)
- Veterinary Institute of Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, 20060 Novara, Italy;
| | - Paolo Zagarella
- Veterinary Orthopaedic Traumatologic Centre of Arenzano, Arenzano, 16011 Genova, Italy; (G.P.); (E.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (F.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (F.P.); (V.M.)
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Rodrigues FT, Santos PFADM, Soares JVDS, Alves MDFGS, Azulay-Abulafia L. Zwei Fälle von Protothekose in Brasilien: wenn weder Bakterien noch Pilze oder Viren die Pathogene sind. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1022-1024. [PMID: 37700408 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15143_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Tavares Rodrigues
- Dermatology Departament of Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luna Azulay-Abulafia
- Dermatology Departament of Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Rodrigues FT, Santos PFADM, Soares JVDS, Alves MDFGS, Azulay-Abulafia L. Two cases of protothecosis in Brazil: When it is not a bacterial, fungal or viral dermatosis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1022-1024. [PMID: 37402137 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Tavares Rodrigues
- Dermatology Departament of Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luna Azulay-Abulafia
- Dermatology Departament of Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ely VL, Felipetto Cargnelutti J, Segabinazzi Ries A, Gressler LT, Costa S, Braz PH, Pötter L, Matiuzzi da Costa M, Gomes da Silva Júnior F, Pequeno de Oliveira H, Sangioni LA, Brayer Pereira DI, de Avila Botton S. Prototheca bovis in goats: Experimental mastitis and treatment with polypyrrole. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105950. [PMID: 36528325 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prototheca bovis has been associated with several cases of mastitis in cattle but no record of intramammary infections has been reported in goats. This infection does not respond to available treatments and the disposal recommendation of affected animals cause great damage to the dairy industry. Alternatives for dealing with infections caused by Prototheca spp. are required worldwide. In vitro results suggest polypyrrole as promising molecule for combating this alga, because an algaecide effect was observed on tested Prototheca spp. isolates. Thus, this study evaluated goats as an experimental model for intramammary infection by P. bovis and a protocol for treating these animals with an intramammary polypyrrole solution. The possibility of P. bovis promoting an intramammary infection in goats was experimentally proven, demonstrating this species as an important model for studies involving algae mastitis. Furthermore, polypyrrole reduced the counts of Prototheca sp. in the analyzed samples, showing potential to fight this microorganism also in vivo. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the ability of P. bovis to colonize breast tissue in lactating goats and the highly soluble molecule of polypyrrole has potential use for the treatment of protothecosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valessa Lunkes Ely
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 44 (CCRII), Sala 5132, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 44 (CCRII), Sala 5132, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ananda Segabinazzi Ries
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 44 (CCRII), Sala 5132, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Trevisan Gressler
- Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Campus Frederico Westphalen, Linha 7 de Setembro, BR 386 - KM 40 s/n, Frederico Westphalen, RS, 98400-000, Brazil
| | - Samay Costa
- Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Campus Frederico Westphalen, Linha 7 de Setembro, BR 386 - KM 40 s/n, Frederico Westphalen, RS, 98400-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz
- Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Campus Frederico Westphalen, Linha 7 de Setembro, BR 386 - KM 40 s/n, Frederico Westphalen, RS, 98400-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pötter
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 44 (CCRII), Sala 5132, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rodovia BR 407 - Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho s/nº, Petrolina, CEP 56300-990, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gomes da Silva Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rodovia BR 407 - Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho s/nº, Petrolina, CEP 56300-990, Brazil
| | - Helinando Pequeno de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rodovia BR 407 - Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho s/nº, Petrolina, CEP 56300-990, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Sangioni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 44 (CCRII), Sala 5132, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biologia, Campus Capão do Leão s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 44 (CCRII), Sala 5132, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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7
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Yanes AF, Hedberg ML, Lipoff JB. Purpuric Edematous Nodules and Plaques in an Immunosuppressed Older Man. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:866-867. [PMID: 34009272 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna F Yanes
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Matthew L Hedberg
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jules B Lipoff
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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8
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Cheng CY. Ulcerative Plaques on the Groin and Scrotum of a 67-Year-Old Man. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:1348-1351. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center of Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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9
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Adamczyk K, Wcisło-Dziadecka D, Garncarczyk A, Lubczyńska A, Chodurek E. Protothecosis: the alterations in the human foot microbiome - a case study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e832-e834. [PMID: 32511818 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Adamczyk
- Department of Cosmetology, School of Pharmaceutical Science in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - D Wcisło-Dziadecka
- Department of Cosmetology, School of Pharmaceutical Science in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Garncarczyk
- Department of Cosmetology, School of Pharmaceutical Science in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Lubczyńska
- Department of Cosmetology, School of Pharmaceutical Science in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - E Chodurek
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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10
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Schöfer H. Cutaneous infection - would you think of algae? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 32:1401-1402. [PMID: 30136764 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Schöfer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Stephens MR, Aderibigbe O, Steele KT, Elder DE, Glaser L, Jacob J, Rosenbach M. Draining dorsal hand pustules, nodules, and ulcers in a patient with immunosuppression. JAAD Case Rep 2019; 5:846-848. [PMID: 31649969 PMCID: PMC6804474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Stephens
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Oyinade Aderibigbe
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine T Steele
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David E Elder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laurel Glaser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jerry Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Katwilat P, Chongtrakool P, Muangsomboon S, Jitmuang A. Prototheca wickerhamii prepatellar bursitis in an immunocompetent woman: A case report. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:361-364. [PMID: 31570306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prototheca wickerhamii is a rare cause of septic prepatellar bursitis. We report a patient who had no apparent immunodeficiency developed P. wickerhamii prepatellar bursitis following intra-bursal corticosteroid injection. Clinical manifestations could not distinguish Prototheca bursitis from septic bursitis caused by other pathogens. Bursal fluid aspiration sent for direct microscopic examination and cultures could give an early diagnosis. Systemic antifungal therapy with complete surgical excision of infected bursa provided a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Katwilat
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - P Chongtrakool
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Muangsomboon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Jitmuang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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13
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Liu ZH. If it's red and scaly look for fungus: remember cutaneous protothecosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e327. [PMID: 29444363 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z-H Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
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14
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Ho YH, Chiu YW, Wu CY, Liu HN. Cutaneous protothecosis reminiscent of unilateral solar elastotic bands of forearm in an immunocompromised patient. DERMATOL SIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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15
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Fernández MS, Rojas FD, Cattana ME, Mussin JE, de Los Ángeles Sosa M, Benzoni CD, Giusiano GE. Protothecosis in a patient with T cell lymphocytic leukemia. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:224-226. [PMID: 28554708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human protothecosis is a rare infection caused by algae of the genus Prototheca. Prototheca wickerhamii has been recognized as the main species that causes infection in immunocompromised hosts with deficits in innate or cellular immunity. We report a case of persisting subcutaneous protothecosis in a patient with T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia, who also presented a history of disseminated histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Fernández
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina.
| | - Florencia D Rojas
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - María E Cattana
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Javier E Mussin
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Sosa
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Carlos D Benzoni
- Sanatorio Frangioli 2000, Servicio de Infectología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Gustavo E Giusiano
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
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16
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Liao K, Fang C, Chen C. A red, swollen and painful lesion on the right hand after local steroid injections. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017; 84:54-56. [PMID: 28474642 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_582_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital; Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chienliang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chienchin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi; Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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17
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Tan M, Pan JY, Chia HY, Oon HH. Cutaneous protothecosis on the bilateral wrists of a food handler. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 42:72-74. [PMID: 28028857 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous protothecosis is caused by the achlorophyllic algae Prototheca, typically presenting as a localized plaque in immunocompetent individuals. We report a patient with bilateral erythematous plaques and pustules on her forearms, which had initially been treated with steroids for presumed eczema. Histology showed spherical spore-like bodies with internal morula-like septation, which were positive for periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, consistent with cutaneous protothecosis. Definitive treatment with oral itraconazole resulted in resolution of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Y Pan
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Y Chia
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H H Oon
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Prototheca wickerhamii in a Patient With Chronic Hepatitis C. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Woo JY, Suhng EA, Byun JY, Choi HY, Sung SH, Choi YW. A Case of Cutaneous Protothecosis in an Immunocompetent Patient. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:273-4. [PMID: 27081288 PMCID: PMC4828404 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.2.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yun Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Suhng
- Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Byun
- Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Sung
- Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Won Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kano R, Sobukawa H, Suzuki M, Hiruma M, Shibuya K, Hasegawa A, Kamata H. Immunohistopathology of Prototheca wickerhamii in cutaneous lesions of protothecosis. Med Mycol J 2015; 55:E29-32. [PMID: 24682095 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.55.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protothecosis is a rare infection caused by pathogenic algae of the genus Prototheca. Prototheca wickerhamii causes cutaneous/subcutaneous opportunistic infections in humans and small animals. The diagnosis of protothecosis is based on histopathological examination of this organism, which can be confused with other fungi and inflammatory cells in infected tissues. In this study, immunohistopathological investigation was made of infected cutaneous human and animal tissues exhibiting protothecosis using rabbit antiserum against P. wickerhamii. Serum detected P. wickerhamii in human and feline protothecosis tissues, and did not react with Candida albicans in the human kidney tissues showing candidiasis. This antiserum can therefore differentiate P. wickerhamii cells from the yeast-like cells of C. albicans and Prototheca zopfii in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kano
- Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine
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21
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Cutaneous Protothecosis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2015; 1:4-12. [PMID: 29376895 PMCID: PMC5770008 DOI: 10.3390/jof1010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protothecosis is a rare infection, which has the potential to cause severe disease in patients with underlying immunosuppression. We describe a case of an elderly female with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as well as other risk factors, who presented with pustular and erythematous plaques, initially presumed to be leukemia cutis. A biopsy with special stains revealed the lesions to be cutaneous protothecosis, thus presenting a most unusual concurrence of disease entities. The literature to date on this rare infection will be reviewed.
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22
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Figueroa CJ, Camp BJ, Varghese GI, Miranda E, Querfeld C, Hassoun H, Kamboj M, Pulitzer MP. A case of protothecosis in a patient with multiple myeloma. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:409-13. [PMID: 24758253 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar J Figueroa
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
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23
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Shank AMM, Dubielzig RD, Teixeira LBC. Canine ocular protothecosis: A review of 14 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:437-42. [PMID: 25515728 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine a series of 14 cases of canine ocular protothecosis from archived cases from the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW), and compare gross and histologic findings. METHODS Archival records from COPLOW were searched for canine cases of ocular protothecosis. Fourteen cases that contained matching criteria were identified, and gross and histologic findings, and clinical records for each case were tabulated, examined, and compared (2001-2013). RESULTS Of the 14 cases identified, six had evidence of systemic disease, as per clinical history. Two of the 14 cases had Prototheca identified via cytology of ocular fluid or retinal exudate; in the remainder of cases, Prototheca identified via cytology of ocular fluid or retinal exudate in the remaining 12 cases, Prototheca was identified upon histologic examination of the submitted globe(s). Presenting ocular clinical signs were variable and nonspecific. Duration of ocular clinical signs varied from days to months. Fundoscopically, white membranes or plaques were identified on or around the retina in five cases. Retinal detachment was identified in 13 of the 14 submitted globes on gross examination following fixation and sectioning. The predominant histologic finding was granulomatous chorioretinitis with retinal detachment, with variable numbers of Prototheca within the inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS Due to the nonspecific nature of the ocular signs, a diagnosis of protothecosis generally is not made until enucleation and histopathologic examination of the globe(s). Retinal detachment and blindness were common. Cytologic sampling of retinal plaques and exudate may provide a rapid way to identify Prototheca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Maria M Shank
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 3 Centennial Drive, North Grafton, MA, 508-887-7956, USA
| | - Richard D Dubielzig
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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24
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Abstract
Almost all granulomatous skin disorders can cause red lesions on the face. Such disorders may include many bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections, noninfectious inflammatory disorders, foreign body reactions, and even neoplasms. Clinically, they usually present with papules, plaques, nodules, and/or abscesses, which may ulcerate. It may be helpful in their differential diagnosis to define certain clinical patterns, such as multiple and discrete papules, necrotic or umbilicated papules or nodules, annular plaques, vegetative plaques or tumors, verrucous plaques or tumors, abscesses and/or sinuses, and lymphocutaneous pattern. Some disorders, such as sarcoidosis, can cause a wide variety of lesions. We accept that cutaneous leishmaniasis is also among such great imitators.
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25
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Silva PCGD, Costa e Silva SBD, Lima RB, D'Acri AM, Lupi O, Martins CJ. Cutaneous protothecosis--case report. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 88:183-5. [PMID: 24346914 PMCID: PMC3876013 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous protothecosis is a rare infection caused by achlorophyllic algae of the
genus Prototheca. The lesions usually occur on exposed areas, related with trauma, in
immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical presentation is a vesicobullous
and ulcerative lesion with pustules and scabs, simulating bacterial, fungal or
herpetic infections or eczema. The diagnosis is determined by agent identification
through histopathology, culture and the carbohydrates assimilation test. The finding
of morula-like spherules is characteristic of Prototheca sp. Its
rarity and non-specific clinical aspect may difficult the disease diagnosis. We
report a case of a diabetic patient, in chronic use of systemic corticosteroids, that
developed a skin lesion after trauma to the right leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Craveiro Gomes da Silva
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffree & Guinle University Hospital, Dermatology Section, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Beirão da Costa e Silva
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffree & Guinle University Hospital, Dermatology Section, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lima
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffree & Guinle University Hospital, Dermatology Section, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Macedo D'Acri
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffree & Guinle University Hospital, Dermatology Section, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
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26
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Bouari C, Bolfa P, Borza G, Nadăş G, Cătoi C, Fiţ N. Antimicrobial activity of Mentha piperita and Saturenja hortensis in a murine model of cutaneous protothecosis. J Mycol Med 2013; 24:34-43. [PMID: 24387811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date there is no defined pharmacologic treatment protocol available against cutaneous protothecosis, which is difficult to combat using conventional drugs. OBJECTIVES Our experiment aimed to comparatively investigate the effect of two essential oils (Mentha piperita and Saturenja hortensis) against cutaneous protothecosis experimentally induced by Prototheca zopfii in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunosuppressed BALB/c female mice, were divided into six experimental groups, infected with P. zopfii, and then treated for 21 days against the infection. The effectiveness of the different treatments was assessed clinically and histologically by quantifying the degree of inflammation (immunohistochemical quantification of macrophages, T lymphocytes and neutrophils) and fibrosis. RESULTS Skin lesions in experimental protothecosis from non-treated mice were more severe as compared to the four groups of treated animals. Both M. piperita and S. hortensis have proved to be efficient in vivo in the treatment of cutaneous protothecosis by reducing the clinical signs and significantly reducing the degree of inflammation (P<0.05 for the number of macrophages, T lymphocytes and neutrophils) and fibrosis as compared to untreated animals. CONCLUSION Interestingly, our study shows that M. piperita and S. hortensis could represent a potential source of natural antimicrobial products in the treatment of cutaneous protothecosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bouari
- Pathology Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5, Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - P Bolfa
- Pathology Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5, Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - G Borza
- Pathology Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5, Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G Nadăş
- Microbiology Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5, Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Cătoi
- Pathology Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5, Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - N Fiţ
- Microbiology Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5, Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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27
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Seok JY, Lee Y, Lee H, Yi SY, Oh HE, Song JS. Human cutaneous protothecosis: report of a case and literature review. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 47:575-8. [PMID: 24421852 PMCID: PMC3887161 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.6.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Prototheca species is achlorophyllic algae and rarely causes human infection. Human protothecosis presents clinically as a cutaneous infection, olecranon bursitis, and disseminated systemic disease. We report a case of human cutaneous protothecosis involving the left wrist. A 68-year-old man presented with an ill-defined erythematous lesion with crust at the dorsal aspect of his left wrist. A punch biopsy was performed to reveal the histologic features of granulomatous inflammation with necrosis at the upper dermis, containing Prototheca organisms, of which, the characteristic features were highlighted by special staining. Through a molecular study, the Prototheca zopfii species was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Seok
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoonho Lee
- Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Sang Yeop Yi
- Department of Pathology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Song
- Department of Pathology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
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