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Schmidt CM, Toma M, Hein R, Sirokay JD. Pitfalls in evaluating FDG-PET/CT results in melanoma patients - A case series. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:904-906. [PMID: 37125485 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Artemed Fachklinik, Munich, Germany
| | - Marieta Toma
- Department of Pathology University, Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith D Sirokay
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy University, Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Schmidt CM, Toma M, Hein R, Sirokay JD. Fallstricke bei der Einordnung von FDG-PET/CT-Befunden bei Melanompatienten - eine Fallserie. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:904-906. [PMID: 37574690 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15073_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Schmidt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München
- Abteilung für Dermatologie, Artemed Fachklinik, München
| | - Marieta Toma
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - Rüdiger Hein
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München
| | - Judith D Sirokay
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
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3
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Huang Z, Hong Z, Chen L, Kang M. Nomogram for Predicting Occult Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Before Surgery. Front Surg 2022; 9:917070. [PMID: 35774392 PMCID: PMC9237504 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.917070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The limitations of preoperative examination result in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) often going undetected preoperatively. This study aimed to develop a clinical tool for identifying patients at high risk for occult locally advanced ESCC; the tool can be supplemented with preoperative examination to improve the reliability of preoperative staging. Materials and Methods Data of 598 patients who underwent radical resection of ESCC from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed. Logistic multivariate analysis was used to develop a nomogram. The training cohort included patients who underwent surgery during an earlier period (n = 426), and the validation cohort included those who underwent surgery thereafter (n = 172), to confirm the model’s performance. Nomogram discrimination and calibration were evaluated using Harrell's concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots, respectively. Results Logistic multivariate analysis suggested that higher preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels (>2.43, odds ratio [OR]: 2.093; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.233–2.554; P = 0.006), presence of preoperative symptoms (OR: 2.737; 95% CI, 1.194–6.277; P = 0.017), presence of lymph node enlargement (OR: 2.100; 95% CI, 1.243–3.550; P = 0.006), and advanced gross aspect (OR: 13.103; 95% CI, 7.689–23.330; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of occult locally advanced ESCC. Based on these predictive factors, a nomogram was developed. The C-indices of the training and validation cohorts were 0.827 and 0.897, respectively, indicating that the model had a good predictive performance. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, we divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups according to their nomogram scores, and a comparison was made with histopathological data. Conclusion The nomogram achieved a good preoperative prediction of occult locally advanced ESCC; it can be used to make rational therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhinuan Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Correspondence: Mingqiang Kang
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4
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Sundström C, Hollander P. Patients with autoimmune diseases have an altered activity of the PD-1 pathway and proportions of Epstein-Barr virus infected cells in benign lymphadenopathies. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152069. [PMID: 33581582 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with autoimmune diseases (AD) have an increased risk to develop benign lymphadenopathies compared to patients without AD. The aim with this study was to determine the role of the PD-1 pathway and the number of cells harboring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in benign lymphadenopathies in patients with AD (cases) compared to patients without AD (controls). Pathology registries were screened to identify patients with biopsies diagnosed as benign lymphadenopathy and medical journals were reviewed for information on AD. Immunohistochemical stainings (PD-1 and PD-L1) and EBER in situ hybridization for EBV were applied on lymph node biopsies in patients with AD (n = 22) and patients without AD (n = 57). The case group was compared with the control group with Wilcoxon-signed rank, chi-square and Fischeŕs exact test. There was a statistically significantly higher proportion of PD-1+ cells and a tendency for a lower prevalence of PD-L1+ and EBV+ cells in cases compared to controls. Apparently, patients with AD have an altered immune response as revealed in benign lymphadenopathies compared to patients without AD. If this association might be a piece of the puzzle for the increased risk of development of lymphomas in patients with AD remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Sundström
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Hollander
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Arzuaga-Mendez J, Lopez-Santillan M, Garcia-Ruiz JC, Lopez-Lopez E, Martin-Guerrero I. Systematic review of the potential of MicroRNAs in the management of patients with follicular lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 159:103247. [PMID: 33515703 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma and usually presents as an indolent disease. However, some patients present poor outcomes, and FL can transform into more aggressive lymphomas, such as Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA molecules that participate in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, that are emerging biomarkers in cancer. In this systematic review, we included studies evaluating miRNA expression in tumor tissue as diagnosis, transformation or prognosis biomarkers in FL. We identified several miRNAs, which could be diagnostic biomarkers in FL: miR-155-5p and miR-9-3p as miRNAs of potential utility for diagnosis of FL, and miR-150 and miR-17-92 cluster for differential diagnosis between FL and DLBCL. Prognosis and transformation prediction have not been studied in enough depth to draw solid conclusions. Further research is needed to exploit the potential of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arzuaga-Mendez
- Hematology Service. Hematologic Cancer Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza, Plaza Cruces s/n, Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Lopez-Santillan
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain; Medical Oncology Service, Basurto University Hospital, Avenida de Montevideo, 18, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Garcia-Ruiz
- Hematology Service. Hematologic Cancer Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza, Plaza Cruces s/n, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain; Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Idoia Martin-Guerrero
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain; Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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6
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Huang W, Tang X, Malysz J, Han B, Yang Z. The spectrum of pathological diagnoses in non-sentinel axillary lymph node biopsy: A single institution's experience. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151646. [PMID: 33126152 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although axillary lymphadenopathy is a common clinical encounter, systemic evaluation of non-sentinel lymph node biopsy is sparse. We reviewed our institution's 15-year experience to delineate the spectrum of diagnoses in non-sentinel axillary lymph nodes. 1165 non-sentinel axillary lymph node biopsies were retrieved and the diagnosis and relevant clinical information was reviewed. This spectrum of diagnoses was further stratified by gender, age, and oncologic history. The spectrum of diagnoses included: breast carcinoma (27.6%), lymphoma (29.2%), melanoma (3.5%), other carcinoma (2.9%), sarcoma (0.4%), and benign changes (36.3%). The most common diagnoses in men were lymphoma (61.8%) and benign changes (23.6%); while in women they were benign change (41.2%), breast carcinoma (37.8%) and lymphoma (16.7%). Besides benign changes, lymphoma and breast carcinoma were most common in women younger and older than 30 years, respectively. In patients with a history of malignancy, the most common diagnoses were metastasis from the known tumor and benign change; while in patients with a negative oncologic history and female patients without a history of breast cancer, the diagnosis was generally either lymphoma or benign change. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma was rare but may be mistaken as metastatic carcinoma thus a high index of suspicion is warranted. Thus through retrospective review of a large cohort of non-sentinel axillary lymph node biopsies, we described the spectrum of pathological entities based on the gender, age, and clinical history, which could provide valuable information for further work-up of axillary lymph node biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Jozef Malysz
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Zhaohai Yang
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America.
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7
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Tsyplakov DE, Kadirov RK, Syromiatnikova VY, Nedosugov AA. Morphological Characteristic Subcapsular Area of Lymph Nodes in Immune Response. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Kang J, Yu S, Lu S, Xu G, Zhu J, Yan N, Luo D, Xu K, Zhang Z, Huang J. Use of a 6-miRNA panel to distinguish lymphoma from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:2. [PMID: 32296019 PMCID: PMC6946694 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Kang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Yu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Lu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Research Center, Chengdu Nuoen Genomics, Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Yan
- Research Center, Chengdu Nuoen Genomics, Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Delun Luo
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Research Center, Chengdu Nuoen Genomics, Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Research Center, Chengdu Nuoen Genomics, Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Ahmed AA, Almohanna H, Griggs J, Tosti A. Unusual Clinical Presentation of a Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma on the Scalp of a Middle-Aged Female: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Skin Appendage Disord 2019; 5:379-385. [PMID: 31799268 DOI: 10.1159/000501174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) is a rare type of indolent, low-grade cutaneous B-cell lymphoma with an excellent prognosis. It usually presents with erythematous nodules and plaques on the head, neck, or back. The diagnosis is primarily based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies. We describe a case of PCFCL causing a well-defined alopecic atrophic patch. The patch developed in the area of a large subcutaneous nodule that regressed after treatment with rituximab infusion. We hypothesize that the alopecia could have been caused by pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar A Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hind Almohanna
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob Griggs
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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10
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Poultsidi A, Dimopoulos Y, He TF, Chavakis T, Saloustros E, Lee PP, Petrovas C. Lymph Node Cellular Dynamics in Cancer and HIV: What Can We Learn for the Follicular CD4 (Tfh) Cells? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2233. [PMID: 30319664 PMCID: PMC6170630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are central in the generation of adaptive immune responses. Follicular helper CD4 T (Tfh) cells, a highly differentiated CD4 population, provide critical help for the development of antigen-specific B cell responses within the germinal center. Throughout the past decade, numerous studies have revealed the important role of Tfh cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pathogenesis as well as in the development of neutralizing antibodies post-infection and post-vaccination. It has also been established that tumors influence various immune cell subsets not only in their proximity, but also in draining lymph nodes. The role of local or tumor associated lymph node Tfh cells in disease progression is emerging. Comparative studies of Tfh cells in chronic infections and cancer could therefore provide novel information with regards to their differentiation plasticity and to the mechanisms regulating their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Poultsidi
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Yiannis Dimopoulos
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Saloustros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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11
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Lee JM, Hwang JY, Bae J, Kim MR, Kim YW, Park SE, Yeom JA, Roh J. Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of biopsy-proven Kikuchi disease: initial experiences for evaluating feasibility in pediatric patients. Ultrasonography 2018; 38:58-66. [PMID: 29914233 PMCID: PMC6323305 DOI: 10.14366/usg.17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated the feasibility of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and characterized the sonographic features of lymph nodes (LNs) with Kikuchi disease in pediatric patients. Methods Seventy-six cervical LN biopsies were performed for the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. ARFI imaging was performed, and the characteristic ultrasound features of the biopsied LNs and the contralateral LNs were analyzed. We also reviewed clinical and conventional ultrasonographic findings. Results On histology, 56 patients were diagnosed with Kikuchi disease. These LNs were large and elongated, with increased perinodal echogenicity and capsular thickening. In 38 of them, ARFI elastography was performed, and the median shear wave velocity (SWV) of the biopsied LNs with Kikuchi disease (2.19 m/sec; range, 1.45 to 4.57 m/sec) was higher than of the contralateral LNs (1.72 m/sec; range, 0.95 to 2.65 m/sec; P<0.001). In patients with reactive hyperplasia, the mean SWV of the biopsied LNs (2.00 m/sec; range, 1.49 to 2.26 m/sec) was higher than that of the contralateral LNs (1.55 m/sec; range, 1.21 to 2.32 m/sec; P=0.031). Conclusion The SWV of LNs with Kikuchi disease was significantly higher than that of the contralateral LNs. Morphologically, LNs with Kikuchi disease showed an enlarged, elongated, and oval shape, increased perinodal echogenicity, and capsular thickening. In addition to the conventional ultrasonographic findings, the application of ARFI is feasible even in pediatric patients for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jihyun Bae
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Mae Ran Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Su Eun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jeong A Yeom
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jieun Roh
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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