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Fouda I, Mohammed HAK, Mohammed GMY. Intralesional Quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Versus Candida Antigen in the Treatment of Multiple Recalcitrant Non-Genital Warts. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1402a66. [PMID: 38810062 PMCID: PMC11135915 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1402a66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Warts are the most prevalent clinical manifestation of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections, which vary in morphological pattern depending on the site of the body affected. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intralesional quadrivalent HPV vaccine versus candida antigen in treatment of multiple recalcitrant non-genital warts. METHODS A randomized-control clinical trial included 60 cases with multiple recalcitrant warts who were randomly distributed into three groups; Group I included 20 patients who received intralesional candida antigen at a dose of 0.3 mL of 1/1000 solution, Group II included 20 patients who received intralesional quadrivalent HPV vaccine at a dose of 0.3ml and Group III included 20 patients who received intralesional injection 0.3 ml of normal saline 0.9% as a control group). Each agent was injected at the base of the largest wart every three weeks until it was completely cleared, or for a total of four sessions. RESULTS the highest response rate was detected in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine group (75% complete response) followed by the candida vaccine group (40% complete response and 15% partial response). Also, regarding the distant response rate, the highest response rate was detected in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine group (72.7% complete response and 27.3% partial response) followed by the candida vaccine group (33.3% complete response and 50% partial response). CONCLUSIONS Intralesional immunotherapy appears to be effective and safe in treating multiple recalcitrant non-genital warts, with intralesional quadrivalent HPV vaccine outperforming intralesional candida antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Fouda
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
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Hu B, Wang R, Wu D, Long R, Fan J, Hu Z, Hu X, Ma D, Li F, Sun C, Liao S. A Promising New Model: Establishment of Patient-Derived Organoid Models Covering HPV-Related Cervical Pre-Cancerous Lesions and Their Cancers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302340. [PMID: 38229169 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The lack of human-derived in vitro models that recapitulate cervical pre-cancerous lesions has been the bottleneck in researching human papillomavirus (HPV) infection-associated pre-cancerous lesions and cancers for a long time. Here, a long-term 3D organoid culture protocol for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical squamous cell carcinoma that stably recapitulates the two tissues of origin is described. Originating from human-derived samples, a small biobank of cervical pre-tumoroids and tumoroids that faithfully retains genomic and transcriptomic characteristics as well as the causative HPV genome is established. Cervical pre-tumoroids and tumoroids show differential responses to common chemotherapeutic agents and grow differently as xenografts in mice. By coculture organoid models with peripheral blood immune cells (PBMCs) stimulated by HPV antigenic peptides, it is illustrated that both organoid models respond differently to immunized PBMCs, supporting organoids as reliable and powerful tools for studying virus-specific T-cell responses and screening therapeutic HPV vaccines. In this study, a model of cervical pre-cancerous lesions containing HPV is established for the first time, overcoming the bottleneck of the current model of human cervical pre-cancerous lesions. This study establishes an experimental platform and biobanks for in vitro mechanistic research, therapeutic vaccine screening, and personalized treatment for HPV-related cervical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Rui Long
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Junpeng Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xingyuan Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Shujie Liao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
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Olguín‐García MG, Peralta‐Pedrero ML, Jurado‐Santa Cruz F, Vega‐Memije E, Morales‐Sánchez MA. Low-dose oral isotretinoin in the treatment of recalcitrant facial flat warts: A clinical case and review of literature. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1633. [PMID: 37885463 PMCID: PMC10599275 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The treatment of recalcitrant facial flat warts has always been challenging for dermatologists. The pain related to the application of the different treatments, side effects and costs are determining factors in the choice of therapy. To date, it is known that oral isotretinoin administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day is effective and safe; However, the different adverse effects reported have a dose-dependent behavior and they could limit their use. Our aim is to assess the effect of low-doses of oral isotretinoin to reducing side effects in the complete removal of recalcitrant facial flat warts and the current evidence in this regard. Methods An extensive literature review was conducted to identify articles relating to low doses of oral isotretinoin for recalcitrant flat warts treatment, regardless of design up to May 2023. Results The literature search yielded eight articles of 324 reviewed meeting criteria. Isotretinoin was administered in doses of 0.1-0.5 mg/kg/day. Complete elimination of the lesions occurred in 65.13% of the patients and a partial response in 19.26%. Four relapses were documented at the 4-month follow-up. The most frequent adverse effect was cheilitis. Conclusion We might consider low doses of oral isotretinoin for the treatment of recalcitrant facial flat warts in which side effects need to be reduced. However, current published works have several limitations, including small sample sizes, lack of control group and follow-up periods. Larger, randomized, controlled studies are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of different doses of isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Olguín‐García
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México “Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud”Mexico CityMexico
- Education and Research DepartmentCentro Dermatológico Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua (CDP) Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Internal Medicine DepartmentHospital General Dr. Darío Fernández Fierro, ISSSTEMexico CityMexico
| | - María Luisa Peralta‐Pedrero
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México “Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud”Mexico CityMexico
- Education and Research DepartmentCentro Dermatológico Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua (CDP) Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Fermín Jurado‐Santa Cruz
- Education and Research DepartmentCentro Dermatológico Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua (CDP) Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Elisa Vega‐Memije
- Dermatology DepartmentHospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González Secretaria de SaludMexico CityMexico
| | - Martha Alejandra Morales‐Sánchez
- Education and Research DepartmentCentro Dermatológico Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua (CDP) Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
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Hwang KS, Seo EU, Choi N, Kim J, Kim HN. 3D engineered tissue models for studying human-specific infectious viral diseases. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:576-594. [PMID: 36204281 PMCID: PMC9519398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections cause damage to various organ systems by inducing organ-specific symptoms or systemic multi-organ damage. Depending on the infection route and virus type, infectious diseases are classified as respiratory, nervous, immune, digestive, or skin infections. Since these infectious diseases can widely spread in the community and their catastrophic effects are severe, identification of their causative agent and mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis is an urgent necessity. Although infection-associated mechanisms have been studied in two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models and animal models, they have shown limitations in organ-specific or human-associated pathogenesis, and the development of a human-organ-mimetic system is required. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) engineered tissue models, which can present human organ-like physiology in terms of the 3D structure, utilization of human-originated cells, recapitulation of physiological stimuli, and tight cell–cell interactions, were developed. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that these models can recapitulate infection-associated pathologies. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in 3D engineered tissue models that mimic organ-specific viral infections. First, we briefly described the limitations of the current 2D and animal models in recapitulating human-specific viral infection pathology. Next, we provided an overview of recently reported viral infection models, focusing particularly on organ-specific infection pathologies. Finally, a future perspective that must be pursued to reconstitute more human-specific infectious diseases is presented. 3D in vitro models are different from the traditional model in the infection process. Human-specific infection research requires a 3D microenvironment and human cells. 3D in vitro infectious models can be useful for basic research on infectious disease. 3D in vitro infectious models recapitulate the complex cell-virus-immune interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun U Seo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Z, Lin H, Zheng J, Cai L, Chen Z, Li J, Yu L. Epidemiological study of HPV infection in 40,693 women in Putian: a population study based on screening for high-risk HPV infection. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:893. [DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The infection rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) is high in the coastal regions of China. However, the infection rate among high-risk genotypes of women in Putian City is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the epidemiology of high-risk HPV infection among women in Putian and provide a reference for the diagnosis, treatment and vaccination of cervical cancer in this region.
Methods
The data used were obtained from the Chinese government’s public health program (“Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Project”). A total of 40,693 female cervical cell exfoliation samples screened for high-risk HPV at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University from July 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. DNA was extracted using a fully automatic extractor. Then, 14 high-risk genotypes of HPV were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The characteristics of HPV infection, distribution of high-risk genotypes, infection types and thinprep cytologic test (TCT) classification at different age groups were analysed.
Results
Among the 40,693 samples, 3899 were infected with HPV, with an infection rate of 9.6%. Accordingly, HPV infection rates gradually increased with age, and statistically significant differences were observed among age groups (χ2 = 74.03, P < 0.01). The infection rates of high-risk HPV52, HPV58 and HPV16 were in the top three and increased with age. Single infection was dominant (84.7%), followed by double infections (12.7%). The cervical cytology of 3899 HPV-positive people can be classified into negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy (NILM, 88.0%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US, 6.6%), atypical squamous cells—cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H, 1.4%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL, 3.2%) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, 0.8%). HPV16 infection rate increased with increasing severity of cervical cytology (χ2trend = 43.64, P < 0.01), whereas the infection rates of HPV52 (χ2trend = 13.89, P < 0.01) and HPV58 (χ2trend = 13.50, P < 0.01) showed opposite trends.
Conclusion
The infection rate of female HPV high-risk screening in this region was 9.6% and mainly involved single infections. In addition, HPV16, HPV52 and HPV58 were closely related to the severity of cervical cytology. Effective screening, vaccination and education are needed. The 9-valent vaccine will be effective in reducing cervical pre-invasive disease. It would also be reasonable to state that the rising trend in HPV infection and high grade cytology with age emphasises the need to target older women with screening. Vaccination of younger women (aged ≤ 25) will lay the foundation for better cancer outcomes in the future.
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An Improved Protocol for Comprehensive Etiological Characterization of Skin Warts and Determining Causative Human Papillomavirus Types in 128 Histologically Confirmed Common Warts. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102266. [PMID: 36298821 PMCID: PMC9612167 DOI: 10.3390/v14102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiologically associated with various benign and malignant neoplasms of cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. We describe an improved diagnostic protocol for comprehensive characterization of causative HPV types in common warts, in which broad-spectrum PCRs followed by Sanger sequencing, two previously described and seven newly developed type-specific quantitative real-time PCRs (qPCRs) coupled with the human beta-globin qPCR were used for: (i) diagnosis of HPV infection in warts; (ii) estimation of cellular viral loads of all HPV types detected; and (iii) determination of their etiological role in 128 histologically confirmed fresh-frozen common wart tissue samples. A total of 12 different causative HPV types were determined in 122/126 (96.8%) HPV-positive warts, with HPV27 being most prevalent (27.0%), followed by HPV57 (26.2%), HPV4 (15.1%), HPV2 (13.5%), and HPV65 (7.9%). The cellular viral loads of HPV4 and HPV65 were estimated for the first time in common warts and were significantly higher than the viral loads of HPV2, HPV27, and HPV57. In addition, we showed for the first time that HPV65 is etiologically associated with the development of common warts in significantly older patients than HPV27 and HPV57, whereas HPV4-induced warts were significantly smaller than warts caused by HPV2, HPV27, HPV57, and HPV65.
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Shen S, Feng J, Song X, Xiang W. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy for warts induced by human papilloma virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Halck ML. Preputial papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). J Exot Pet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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A Verrucous Plaque With Linear Fissures in a Patient With Crohn's Disease: Answer. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:461-463. [PMID: 34006733 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boero E, Mnich ME, Manetti AGO, Soldaini E, Grimaldi L, Bagnoli F. Human Three-Dimensional Models for Studying Skin Pathogens. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 430:3-27. [PMID: 32601967 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the most exposed surface of the human body, separating the microbe-rich external environment, from the sterile inner part. When skin is breached or its homeostasis is perturbed, bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens can cause local infections or use the skin as an entry site to spread to other organs. In the last decades, it has become clear that skin provides niches for permanent microbial colonization, and it actively interacts with microorganisms. This crosstalk promotes skin homeostasis and immune maturation, preventing expansion of harmful organisms. Skin commensals, however, are often found to be skin most prevalent and dangerous pathogens. Despite the medical interest, mechanisms of colonization and invasion for most skin pathogens are poorly understood. This limitation is due to the lack of reliable skin models. Indeed, animal models do not adequately mimic neither the anatomy nor the immune response of human skin. Human 3D skin models overcome these limitations and can provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis. Herein, we address the strengths and weaknesses of different types of human skin models and we review the main findings obtained using these models to study skin pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luca Grimaldi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Svoboda SA, Rush PS, Sharghi KG, Rady PL, Tyring SK, Eikenberg JD. A case report of disseminated verrucosis secondary to ustekinumab in a patient with Crohn's disease. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021; 9:2050313X211003056. [PMID: 33796316 PMCID: PMC7975484 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x211003056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ustekinumab is a biologic agent with Food and Drug Administration approval for
the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis,
ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease. It functions to inhibit the p40 subunit
common to both interleukin-12 and interleukin-23. These pro-inflammatory
cytokines are implicated in autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, but they
also play an important role in cell-mediated immunity against viral, bacterial,
and fungal pathogens. Therefore, antagonism of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23
by ustekinumab may increase the risk of human papillomavirus infection or
reactivation which can lead to the development of verrucae. To the best of our
knowledge, there is only one published report of disseminated verrucosis
secondary to ustekinumab treatment for psoriasis. Here, we present the first
case report of ustekinumab-induced disseminated verrucosis occurring in the
setting of treatment for Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick S Rush
- Section of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.,Department of Basic Science Education, School of Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Kevin G Sharghi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Rady
- Department of Dermatology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua D Eikenberg
- Section of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
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Araújo MG, Magalhães GM, Garcia LC, Vieira ÉC, Carvalho-Leite MDLRD, Guedes ACM. Update on human papillomavirus - Part II: complementary diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 96:125-138. [PMID: 33637397 PMCID: PMC8007546 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this nonsystematic review, the complementary diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of human papillomavirus are discussed. The histopathology is addressed regarding its indications, main findings and limitations, as a complementary diagnostic method largely used by dermatologists. Electron microscopy is briefly reviewed, along with its contribution to the accumulated knowledge on HPV, as well as the relevance of research in using this technology for future advances in diagnosis and treatment. Molecular information about the virus is continuously increasing, and the practical applications of HPV serology, molecular identification and genotyping are discussed. Vaccines are a valuable tool in primary HPV infection prevention and are now available in many countries; their composition, indications, and adverse effects are revisited. Local and systemic treatment options are reviewed and off-label prescriptions are discussed. Finally, health education focusing on HPV infection as a sexually transmitted infection of worldwide relevance and the many barriers to improve primary and secondary prevention are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Grossi Araújo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Magela Magalhães
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Campos Garcia
- Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Cristina Vieira
- Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Carlos Martins Guedes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Alghamdi MA, AL-Eitan LN, Tarkhan AH, Al-Qarqaz FA. Global gene methylation profiling of common warts caused by human papillomaviruses infection. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:612-622. [PMID: 33424347 PMCID: PMC7783806 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the human papillomaviruses (HPV) often involves the epigenetic modification of the host genome. Despite its prevalence among the population, host genome methylation in HPV-induced warts is not clearly understood. In this study, genome-wide methylation profiling was carried out on paired healthy skin and wart samples in order to investigate the effects that benign HPV infection has on gene methylation status. To overcome this gap in knowledge, paired wart (n = 12) and normal skin (n = 12) samples were obtained from Arab males in order to perform DNA extraction and subsequent genome-wide methylation profiling on the Infinium Methylation EPIC Bead Chip microarray. Analysis of differential methylation revealed a clear pattern of discrimination between the wart and normal skin samples. In warts, the most differentially methylated (DM) genes included long non-coding RNAs (AC005884, AL049646.2, AC126121.2, AP001790.1, and AC107959.3), microRNAs (MIR374B, MIR596, MIR1255B1, MIR26B, and MIR196A2),snoRNAs (SNORD114-22, SNORD70, and SNORD114-31), pseudogenes (AC069366.1, RNU4ATAC11P, AC120057.1, NANOGP3, AC106038.2, TPT1P2, SDC4P, PKMP3, and VN2R3P), and protein-coding genes (AREG, GJB2, C12orf71, AC020909.2, S100A8, ZBED2, FABP7, and CYSLTR1). In addition, pathway analysis revealed that, among the most differentially methylated genes, STAT5A, RARA, MEF2D, MAP3K8, and THRA were the common regulators. It can be observed that HPV-induced warts involve a clear and unique epigenetic alteration to the host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A. Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laith N. AL-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Amneh H. Tarkhan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Firas A. Al-Qarqaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Magalhães GM, Vieira ÉC, Garcia LC, De Carvalho-Leite MDLR, Guedes ACM, Araújo MG. Update on human papilloma virus - part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 96:1-16. [PMID: 33341319 PMCID: PMC7838122 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is related to a great number of cutaneous and mucosal manifestations. The spectrum of HPV ranges from inapparent infections, through various clinical benign presentations including cutaneous and mucosal disease, to malignant and premalignant conditions. New HPV types are currently described in the literature; many of them are characterized as high-risk types due to their oncogenic potential. Knowledge regarding their epidemiology and pathogenesis is important to understand not only infection and disease processes, but also to formulate the clinical and laboratory basis for diagnosis, therapeutics, and prophylactic measures. This non-systematic review aims to discuss and to update those aspects, with an emphasis on relevant topics for dermatologists. HPV infection and related diseases in the Brazilian scenario are highlighted, including common dermatologic conditions seen at clinics as well as the condition of a public health problem as a sexually transmitted infection. The oncogenicity of the virus and the variety of clinical outcomes - especially in the immunocompromised individuals - are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Magela Magalhães
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Cristina Vieira
- Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Campos Garcia
- Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Carlos Martins Guedes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Grossi Araújo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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15
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Transcriptome analysis of HPV-induced warts and healthy skin in humans. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:35. [PMID: 32151264 PMCID: PMC7063766 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of viruses that, depending on the strain, can cause cancer or the formation of benign growths known as warts. Scarce information exists with regard to the genetic nature of non-genital cutaneous warts induced by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods The main purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between the gene expression profiles of common warts and healthy skin in HPV-positive individuals by RNA sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500. After obtaining shave biopsies of common warts and healthy skin from twelve Arab males, we were able to analyze the transcriptomes of 24 paired cases and controls. Results Common warts were found to possess a highly significant and unique molecular signature. Many of the most up-regulated (KRT16, EPGN, and ABCG4) and down-regulated genes (C15orf59, CYB561A3, and FCGRT) in warts were the subject of little investigation in the published literature. Moreover, the top 500 differentially expressed genes were found to be associated with immune and autoimmune pathways, such as the neutrophil degranulation, toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR 7/8) cascade, toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) cascade, and toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) pathways, among others. Conclusions Our findings are particularly important because they serve as the most comprehensive to date with regard to the modulation of human skin gene expression by HPV infection.
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AL-Eitan LN, Alghamdi MA, Tarkhan AH, Al-Qarqaz FA. Genome-Wide Tiling Array Analysis of HPV-Induced Warts Reveals Aberrant Methylation of Protein-Coding and Non-Coding Regions. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:E34. [PMID: 31892232 PMCID: PMC7017144 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses that exhibit an exclusive tropism for squamous epithelia. HPV can either be low- or high-risk depending on its ability to cause benign lesions or cancer, respectively. Unsurprisingly, the majority of epigenetic research has focused on the high-risk HPV types, neglecting the low-risk types in the process. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to better understand the epigenetics of wart formation by investigating the differences in methylation between HPV-induced cutaneous warts and normal skin. A number of clear and very significant differences in methylation patterns were found between cutaneous warts and normal skin. Around 55% of the top-ranking 100 differentially methylated genes in warts were protein coding, including the EXOC4, KCNU, RTN1, LGI1, IRF2, and NRG1 genes. Additionally, non-coding RNA genes, such as the AZIN1-AS1, LINC02008, and MGC27382 genes, constituted 11% of the top-ranking 100 differentially methylated genes. Warts exhibited a unique pattern of methylation that is a possible explanation for their transient nature. Since the genetics of cutaneous wart formation are not completely known, the findings of the present study could contribute to a better understanding of how HPV infection modulates host methylation to give rise to warts in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N. AL-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mansour A. Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amneh H. Tarkhan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Firas A. Al-Qarqaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Giant Squamous Cell Papilloma of the Eyelid-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2019; 2019:5830493. [PMID: 31781447 PMCID: PMC6875255 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5830493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell papilloma (SCP) is generally a human papillomavirus (HPV) induced exophytic or endophytic proliferation on the surface of the skin, oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, cervix, vagina, and anal canal. The endophytic type SCP can cause differential diagnostic difficulties with keratoacanthoma, inverted follicular keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma; however, these lesions are not associated with HPV infection. The authors present a female patient who noticed an extremely rapidly growing tumor destructing the left lower eyelid. The histological analysis of the biopsy sample revealed a virus-induced squamoproliferative lesion. The eyelid affected was completely removed, and the histological examination resulted in a HPV induced endophytic squamous cell papilloma. The tarsus and the conjunctiva were replaced by a chondromucosal graft harvested from the nasal septum, while the skin defect could be closed directly. Restoration of the eyelid function has been achieved with satisfying functional and cosmetic results.
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Ma WT, Yao XT, Peng Q, Chen DK. The protective and pathogenic roles of IL-17 in viral infections: friend or foe? Open Biol 2019; 9:190109. [PMID: 31337278 PMCID: PMC6685926 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections cause substantial human morbidity and mortality, and are a significant health burden worldwide. Following a viral infection, the host may initiate complex antiviral immune responses to antagonize viral invasion and replication. However, proinflammatory antiviral immune responses pose a great threat to the host if not properly held in check. Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic cytokine participating in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including tissue integrity maintenance, cancer progression, autoimmune disease development and, more intriguingly, infectious diseases. Abundant evidence suggests that while IL-17 plays a crucial role in enhancing effective antiviral immune responses, it may also promote and exacerbate virus-induced illnesses. Accumulated experimental and clinical evidence has broadened our understanding of the seemingly paradoxical role of IL-17 in viral infections and suggests that IL-17-targeted immunotherapy may be a promising therapeutic option. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding the protective and pathogenic roles of IL-17 in viral infections, with emphasis on underlying mechanisms. The various and critical roles of IL-17 in viral infections necessitate the development of therapeutic strategies that are uniquely tailored to both the infectious agent and the infection environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ting Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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The Effectiveness of P53 Polymorphism in Susceptibility to Human Papillomavirus and Molluscum contagiosum Infections. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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