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Mazzotta FA, Lucaccini Paoli L, Rizzi A, Tartaglione L, Leo ML, Cristallo F, Popolla V, DI Leo M, Pontecorvi A, Pitocco D. The development and evolution of insulin pumps: from early beginnings to future prospects. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2024; 49:85-99. [PMID: 37227318 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.23.04030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes technology has proliferated extensively over the past few decades with vast ameliorations in glucose monitoring and in insulin delivery systems. From a treatment based on daily insulin injections, we have moved to increasingly advanced technologies. Despite such advancements which have allowed better glycemic control, decreased diabetes-related complications, and improved the quality of life among diabetic patients, it has left many individuals unsatisfied with the current rate of commercial artificial pancreas development, stemming the need for further research into novel technologies. Accordingly, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation has marked three generations for the development of an artificial pancreas comprising historical landmarks and future prospects which aim to produce an advanced technological system that attempts to mimic the endogenous pancreas, eliminating the need for user input. This review presents a synopsis of the development and evolution of insulin pumps, starting with the earliest technologies available such as continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring as separate components, to currently available integrated advanced closed-loop hybrid systems and possible future technologies. The aim of the review is to provide insight of the advantages and limitations of past and currently available insulin pumps with the hope of driving research into novel technologies that attempt to mimic endogenous pancreatic function as closely as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco A Mazzotta
- Department of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lucaccini Paoli
- Department of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy -
| | - Alessandro Rizzi
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Tartaglione
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Leo
- Department of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Cristallo
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Popolla
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro DI Leo
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Department of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Gannon S, O’Keeffe D, O’Sullivan E. The Effect of Frequency of Technology Uploads on Glycemic Control in Adult Insulin Pump Users. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021; 15:519-520. [PMID: 32856496 PMCID: PMC8256077 DOI: 10.1177/1932296820952453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Gannon
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine,
Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Sean Gannon, School of Medicine, College of
Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road,
Galway, Ireland.
| | - Derek O’Keeffe
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine,
Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and
Metabolism (CDEM), Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Esther O’Sullivan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine,
Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and
Metabolism (CDEM), Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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